Bo Jingwei

Bo Jingwei

Bai Jingwei, the late farmer of Fengxi. He is from Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province. He was elected in the fifth year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1855). Dingbian county was taught by Da Tiao. When the Hui uprising happened in Guanzhong, he didn't go to Dingbian and took his parents to live in seclusion in Zhongnanshan. After the death of his parents, he organized regiment training in Chang'an, participated in Han Hui fighting, suppressed and planned, and rescued the Hui rebels from encircling Qingyang and gongchang (now Longxi). The imperial court awarded him an alternate magistrate. In 1867, Zuo Zongtang, the imperial minister, led his troops into Guanzhong. He learned that Bo had profound knowledge and had a strategic mind, so he asked him to join the camp to advise the military. He proposed to build fortresses in villages and towns to protect the people's livelihood, set up Li bureaus to reduce the labor force of the people, migrate the Hui people, and start a career to win scholars, which were mostly adopted by the left. Zuo recommended him as a county magistrate, with the same title as California.

Main story

In 1877, there was a famine in Guanzhong. Bai resigns and returns to his hometown, where he specializes in education. He once asked the governor to release grain to the victims. He founded a private school in his hometown, xuejiayuan, and taught the poor children free of charge. Later, he taught the academies of Guanzhong, Jinggan and Weijing, and presided over the courses of classics and history, Daoism, political affairs, astronomy, geography, mathematics, etc. to cultivate talents for the society. He also published Feng Congwu's Guanxue works and many other practical books, and established the publishing office of Weijing Academy. He initiated the establishment of an official book office in Shaanxi. He also initiated the establishment of Shaoxu academy and Chonghua Culture Association to do his best for the development of Shaanxi culture. In 1891, the governor of Shaanxi Province and Shaanxi Xuezheng both recommended Bai to the Qing government as an official, and the Empress Dowager Cixi approved the proposal. Just then he died of illness. In 1899, the governor of Shaanxi, Shangzuo, was approved by the Qing government, and Bai was recorded in the Confucian biography of the National Museum of history. His works include six volumes of "the remains of Mr. Bai Fengxi" and "the collection of Fengxi thatched cottage". Bo Jingwei, whose name is Zijun, is Mr. Fengxi. Born in the eleventh year of Daoguang (1831) and the fifth year of Xianfeng (1855). At the beginning, he was sent to Dingbian for discipline, but he didn't go to the post because there were old people in his family. Chang'an County Magistrate once ordered to run local league training. Later, Fu Zongsheng, governor of Shaanxi Province, was recruited into the shogunate in Hubei Province. Zuo Zongtang led his division to the west, and Bai Jingwei suggested to him that measures should be taken to wipe out the Hui people's army. When Liu Guomin was stationed in Sanyuan, Bai Jingwei suggested that the bandits in Beishan (Weibei area) should be recruited. Zhou Mou, the chief of Hunan military, resented Liu Guomin for his military power. He used the metaphor of "going out of the tiger and entering the wolf" to resist Liu Guomin. Later, Liu Zhongzhuang adopted Bai's suggestion and recruited these people, which played a great role in the battle of attacking Ningling from Yan'an in Northern Shaanxi. Zuo Zongtang thought that Bai Jingwei was very talented, so he asked his prime minister, Shaanxi tuanjian, to also build castles. Later, he resigned because of the failure of the government order. In the first year of tongzhi (1862), Bai Jingwei returned to his hometown and studied in shengbaoquan, Nantai, Zhongnan mountain. His poem "late night reading in Zhulin Temple" reflects the scene at that time: "deep in the night, the group moves and breathes, and the streams ring. I have nothing in my nature, but I think about everything. I realized in the air that it was not yah but yah. Where to recognize Tao Xin? The moon shines on crape myrtle Today, there are still inscriptions on "Bai Jingwei reading office" in Nanwutai. In 1876, he was employed in Jinggan academy and Weijing Academy. Guangxu 11 years (1885), by the Shaanxi School of about, moved to Guanzhong academy, Ren Shanchang. In 1889, he died of illness. He died two years later at the age of 60. Bo Jingwei devoted his whole life to education and development. When I first came to Jinggan academy, I formulated "six learning rules" and set strict requirements on students. From Weijing academy to Guanzhong academy, all those who did not obey the education were allowed to leave. They kept a record of the lecture day, had a class (assessment) every month, and were meticulous. He attached great importance to the moral education of students. He once said: those who are valued by scholars are the most virtuous; those who can't be treated by virtue are just like Luling, those who study like zebra, those who study Wei, and those who come to show their positions are many; those who live in their hometown can be pure Confucianists, and those who live in their official positions can be pure ministers. He warned students to read more books and consult Minggong frequently to increase their knowledge. We should have the courage and spirit to hold the gauze hat in our hands and throw it when we should. He encouraged song Bolu (born in Liquan and served as a deputy inspector during the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty) not to drift with the tide and not to be an official. He praised Zhao Shuqiao (Minister of the Ministry of punishment at the time of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty) for his resolute handling of the case of "Wang Shuwen's impending complaint" and warned him not to be proud of his achievements and to be a "good official" and "honest and upright official". Under his careful cultivation, there were more than 50 candidates in Guanzhong academy, which was a good story. As a result, Bai Jingwei was praised as a "teacher of classics" and a "teacher of people". At the same time, Bai Jingwei also actively developed local culture and education. When he was 54 years old, he often had hemoptysis and had not left the lecture hall. When Liu Guyu, the leader of Shaanxi reformist school, asked him to organize "qiuyouzhai", he said at that time that "although he could not be a Bodhisattva on the throne, he could be a Dharma protector under the hall", and he personally wrote "qiuyouzhai lesson enlightenment". Bai Jingwei saw that the Western barbarians were growing stronger and stronger. He relied on the water war to occupy the coastal areas of our country. He emphasized the land war to see the inland. He felt that the disaster had been deep. The learning content of the traditional imperial examination was difficult to retrieve the crisis, and it had to be "practical learning" and "new learning". In the "lesson enlightenment", he proposed the scope of research, which has been taught by scholars, history, Taoism, political affairs, astronomy, geography, anecdotes, arithmetic and scholars, and received the support of all parties in the society. Sanyuan Hu Lilian observed that a thousand dollars were used as food expenses. Wu Zhou, a widow of Jingyang, used two thousand dollars to benefit her and engrave useful books. Under the influence of "qiuyouzhai" and "zhixuezhai" of Guanzhong University, the style of study in Shaanxi changed greatly. Guanzhong college was founded by Feng Congwu, a minister of the Ministry of industry and a native of Chang'an in the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, after fighting with the eunuch party and being dismissed from office, he devoted himself to giving lectures. After Zhang Hengqu (Zhang Zai from Meixian), he advocated Guanzhong college. In 1888, when Bai Jingwei was lecturing the Guanzhong academy, he felt deeply that Feng Congwu had died for a long time, and his writing thought was gradually forgotten. In order to revitalize Guanxue and educate the newcomers, he discussed with Jiao Yutian, the magistrate of Chang'an County, and donated thousands of money to the government. With the support of Bai Jingwei, he selected the former site of Qingmen school (now the site of Xi'an ximenwaishi No.42 middle school) and rebuilt the ancestral hall of Feng GONGDING. More than 40 zhaifang belonged to Shaoxu Academy. This place became a good place for children to study in the western suburbs of Xi'an. In 1889, Bai Jingwei left Guanzhong academy because of illness, but he still did not forget his hometown education. Half a mile outside the east gate of Fengcun village, he built a school house, covering an area of 14.5 mu, surrounded by Camellia as a fence. He compared himself with "Mr. Wuliu" and designed the school house according to the artistic conception of "returning to the fields and garden". After entering the mountain gate, there is another five willow pool, where willows are planted. After that, there is a rockery, and then there are more than 20 grass sheds. In the middle of the room, there is a "Xuejia garden" hanging on the door. Peach and apricot or other fruit trees are widely planted in other open spaces. "Xuejia garden" was originally the place where Bai Jingwei "planted trees and flowers" and "gave lectures" after he returned home. Unfortunately, soon after the garden was built, Bai Jingwei died. Since then, it has become a place for children to study nearby. Some people call it "Maoan" or "thatched cottage". The establishment of the bookstore should be around 1892, when Bai Jingwei's friends and students from the middle school set up a forum to give lectures. Among the speakers were Niu Zhaolian from Lantian and he Bozhen from Sanyuan. The last speaker was gong Bingnan from Zhouzhi. After the reform, the bookstores stopped running. In addition to education, Bai Jingwei is also running to relieve the suffering of the masses and stabilize social order. His poem "snow in the twelfth month" is the expression of his heart, "Bi Yuan peach and plum blossom in October, winter and spring. The situation and the charm of drought, long-term abuse, wheat seedlings dry to death farmers ho. Benevolence, the heart of heaven can love things, the wind and snow all day fly. Chang'an city is full of joy and desire, so it's a pleasure to invite guests for consultation. Cheering in the city, sad outside the city, many bases in the suburbs. The refugees are running and crying. The mountain and the water are frozen to death. " In 1877, Bai Jingwei taught in Jinggan Academy. At that time, there was a severe drought in Shaanxi, especially in Weibei. He reported to the governor of Shaanxi Province to stop the collection of official grain, and wrote to Zuo Zongtang, Liu Rong and other military and political officials. He received 80000 liang of silver to help the victims in the province. Later, he was urged by Lin Fu'an and Yu kunyan, the county magistrate of Xianning and Chang'an. Premier Xianning and Chang'an County provided relief services and raised 120000 taels of silver to rescue the hungry people in the two counties. Guangxu nine years (1883), with the consent of Chang'an county magistrate, in Fengcun repair Yicang. Yicang is located in the middle of the village. It sits in the West and faces the East. There are two granaries with four rafters and three rooms. In the west is Feng's Yicang, commonly known as Hou Cang; in the East is Cun Cang, commonly known as Qian Cang. Over the past few years, more than 1000 grains have been accumulated to save hundreds of poor households from the spring famine. In order to prevent the harm of smallpox to infants, Bai Jingwei reported to Tu Guanjun, the magistrate of Chang'an County, in 1883 and founded the "Chang'an vaccinia bureau" in Feng Village, located in the center of the village. He took the lead in donating money and entrusted his younger brother Bai JINGMAO to handle it. He built two houses, six houses and one hospital. The plaque of "Chang'an vaccination bureau" was hung on the door. On both sides of the plaque was engraved with a concave gold lettered and black card couplet of "baochizi, Xiandeng, Shouyu, xingshengsheng, Gongji Chuntai". He purchased the necessary equipment. They planted vaccinia for children for 30 to 40 years, which protected the health of children in the west of Chang'an, Huxian county and Xianyang. This is a private and public charity in the history of Chang'an. It is said that Bai Jingwei planned to set up a general bureau in Feng Village and a Branch Bureau in Qin town of Huxian county and yangtianhe village of Xianyang County, but he failed to do so due to illness. There is also an interesting story about Chang'an vaccinia Bureau. Mr. Bai Jingwei has been teaching in Weijing college and Jinggan College for 11 years. He is respected by students and local gentlemen. Five kilometers northeast of Yunyang town, Jingyang County, there is a widow surnamed Zhou in anwubao. She was originally the son of Wu Weiwen, a Fengfu doctor in Qingtong County, and the wife of Wu Jiehou, a senior political doctor. She became a widow at the age of 16 and later became a widow

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