Yang Eryou

Yang Eryou

Yang Eryou (1705-1780) was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. He was an official of the Qing Dynasty. He was the censor of Taiwan in 1739.

Yang Eryou, who was born in Shanxi in 1705, was a senior high school scholar in 1733. Later, he joined the imperial court of the Qing Dynasty as a civilian editor. In 1739 (the fourth year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong), he visited Taiwan as a royal censor and concurrently studied Confucianism and politics. During his term of office, he selected students to build Haidong Academy. In 1741, he returned to the palace to serve as an engineering official.

Life of the characters

In 1747, the governor of Fujian Province played the imperial court's role from 1739 to 1747. In addition to the cultivation of honest silver, he forced the counties to take turns in the supply. When the governor of Fujian Province went out to inspect the north and South roads, he imposed measures on all the counties, and again abused the regulations, left more petty labor and disturbed the local people. As a result, he was dismissed from his post for the charge of "learning from each other and helping others by following the law". He then returned to Shanxi. In addition, it has made great achievements in the research and protection of Jinci temple in Shanxi Province. Finally, the officer went to the military department and gave it to Shizhong. Yang Eryou, who was active in the political arena between 1736 and 1745, was a diligent official who dared to speak up and was once favored by Emperor Qianlong. His official career is only 18 years. In the first three years of the Yongzheng Dynasty, he was a scholar in the Imperial Academy. It was Qianlong's accession to the throne that brought him opportunities. More precisely, his beautiful calligraphy and splendid articles were favored by Qianlong, which opened a channel for his official career. However, as a life-long supervisory official, he was regarded as a fierce beast by corrupt officials because of his scrupulous duty. In particular, he was impeached and denounced by some feudal officials and important ministers in the imperial court. Finally, he was alienated by Emperor Qianlong, and was dismissed from his post for the crime of "making a mistake". When he was 45 years old, he returned to his hometown and was laid off. Yang Eryou was born into a rich family and is said to be the successor of Yang Ye, a famous general in the anti Liao period. His ancestors moved to Nanzhang village of Taiyuan county (now Jinke town) from Ningxia in 1374, the seventh year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, and moved to Nanpu of Jinci in 1560, the 39th year of Jiajing. His scholarly family style, rich family way, and his personal conditions of "being young, intelligent, courteous, and beautiful" make him advance in his studies and cover a wide range of subjects, including literature, calligraphy, poetry, and painting. As recorded in the history, "Gongshu is good at painting, Xianyin is good at chanting" and "good at ancient prose". Yongzheng five years (1727) scholar, Yongzheng 11 years to Ju people, Yongzheng 12 years ascended Jinshi, become "the son of heaven students". In the year when he won the title of Jinshi, at the age of 28, he entered the official career and became a scholar in the Imperial Academy. It is the only way for the general Jinshi to become an official. According to the Qing Dynasty system, they had to work for three years before they could be promoted. In his three-year career as a scholar, Eryou was silent and unknown. In 1735, Emperor Yongzheng died suddenly, and Hongli ascended the throne. After three years in Eryou period, he was promoted to editor of Hanlin Academy. The position of editor is a position with no fixed number of staff and no real position, but it can serve the emperor and present his resignation. In this year, that is, the first year of Qianlong (1736), Eryou wrote Qigu Fu and presented it to the new emperor. Qianlong saw that the style of the Fu was vigorous and elegant, and the diction was elegant and elegant. He thought that "this son is very talented and can be used for chatting", so he ordered Eryou to be the editor of Ming Dynasty history notes and summary of literature general examination, and bestowed a book "ri Shuo Chun Qiu" to praise him. Thanks to the appreciation of the new emperor, Yang Eryou, who had been unknown for three years, became more diligent and enterprising. Because of his outstanding performance, he was promoted in the second year of Qianlong's reign and was promoted to "Hanlin worship in Yingwu hall". Enzhun compiled the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty and assisted in daily living affairs. The so-called "assisting in daily living affairs" was to follow the emperor and record his words and deeds on one day and write a note on daily living for the emperor. After becoming the emperor's follower, Eryou was good at writing, especially in Qianlong's mind. On a certain day in June, the emperor ordered him to write a book called rizhihuishuo. After the Emperor Qianlong's "imperial Tour", the "Longyan Dayue" was granted "six ends of Ge gauze in neifu" and "a pair of Royal glasses", and promoted to "the imperial censor of daocha in Guizhou" (no inspection). In July, he was ordered to inspect the outfield of shuntianfu (today's Beijing) rural examination; in October, he was ordered to inspect Nancheng (today's Heyang, one of the three military centers in Henan); in the same month, he was ordered to write a book called "a collection of daily knowledge". Yang Eryou, who has had one experience, is familiar with the way of life. This article is even more extraordinary. He was highly appreciated by Emperor Qianlong. He was awarded "two boxes of imperial brush and ink", "one side of imperial Chengni ancient inkstone", and then promoted to "assistant censor of Shanxi Dao supervision". In November of the same year, Emperor Qianlong issued a decree to appoint an important task of "inspecting Taiwan as well as science and politics". Fortunately, Yang Eryou was promoted to six posts in one year, and became a hot figure in the imperial court. In the first month of the fourth year of Emperor Qianlong (1739), Yang Eryou, who was going to take office in Taiwan, begged Emperor Qianlong to "ask for instructions" to take office. Qianlong summoned Aichen in Qianqing palace and told him, "it's important for Taiwan to be calm. You should consult with the governor in all matters, and do not do too much. It has always been a common practice that the culture and martial arts of the Taiwan area are not in harmony. You should give advice when you go. Even the Manchu and Han censors like you should be more friendly, which is beneficial to the local people. If there are bad officials, you have to play it. I know that, but you can only consult with the governor. Don't play it easily. " It's important to be clear about what you hear and what you love. When Yang Eryou arrived in Taiwan, he kept the Hadith in mind and acted cautiously. Taiwan Island in Qing Dynasty was not a province, but a government under Fujian Province. An island hanging alone overseas is a barrier for the southeast provinces of the mainland, and its military geographical position is crucial. Zhang long, the commander in chief of Zhentai, is a domineering and headstrong Wufu. He usually harms the common people and connives at their subordinates' wrongdoing, which makes the people on the island roar. Eryou's light advice was ineffective, but heavy responsibility had no right. So he made up his mind to impeach the governor of Fujian, and then submitted it to Emperor Qianlong. Two months later, Zhang long was released from the capital. After the disaster fell, the people of Taiwan supported Eryou very much. In two years, Yang has the most important education on Taiwan Island. In order to calm the long-term contradiction between the Taiwanese and Cantonese immigrants who are restricted by the "school places", he reforms the registered residence system in Taiwan, increases the enrollment and examination places of students, resolves the contradictions, straightens out the public grievances and promotes the unity within the island. At that time, Taiwan was located in a remote place and its economy was backward. Although there are government schools and county schools, their teaching quality is inferior to that of sun Shan. Therefore, Eryou founded the Academy, taught in person and devoted his whole life. In the aspect of governance, Eryou, after understanding the local situation, exempted 3340 liang of tax and 51489 yuan of land tax owed by Taiwan over the years, reducing the burden of the people. As for Taiwan's public security, he was good at pacifying the local people, enforcing the policy of Baojia, strictly arresting the bandits, restraining the soldiers, and consolidating the local power. His good governance was praised by the officials, gentry and people on the island, and Qi called him "master Yang". Up to now, the inscription of Xuexian Yanggong Xingxing Haidong academy is still left in the world. In October of the sixth year of Qianlong's reign (1741), Yang Eryou returned to Beijing to report on his work. He was praised by Qianlong for his "summoning, sitting, and consoling". He was promoted to the posts of "engineering section to Shizhong and Yingwu hall deacon" and "military section to Shizhong". He has always served in the six sections and the supervisory official system of the capital inspection institute. In 1742, Yang Eryou was appointed as the deacon of the civil and military palace examination. In 1743, Yang Eryou transferred his hand to Shizhong. He was ordered to give relief to the victims in Beijing. He wrote a memorial to send the refugees, which was praised and affirmed by the emperor. In 1750, Yang Eryou was ordered to inspect the water transportation in Jining, and published the book "six things about repairing the fiber road for transportation". In 1751, Yang Eryou was impeached, and his family members fell out of favor. He returned to his hometown by "taking office by mistake". He was a sharp blade for the emperor to implement official administration and straighten out officials. Yang Eryou, as the highest admonishment officer in the military department (the same meaning as Yanguan), was deeply afraid that he might be negligent of the emperor's kindness. So he carefully observed the government and the field, and often went to all subordinate departments to check. When he found the problem, he was lax in his actions. If the officials were negligent, he would play a practical role. It is not known how many memorials have been made and how many mistakes and abuses have been eliminated. But most of them were praised and approved by the emperor. The more famous ones are recorded in history, such as "stop purchasing", "reduce tariff", "get rid of consumption envy", "cherish talents", "on the silver price of war in Zhejiang", "the malpractice of tea law in Shaanxi and Gansu" Most of them are related to the national economy and the people's livelihood, corrupt officials and malpractices, reflecting his concern for the country and the people. Among them, "on the silver regulation of military pay in Zhejiang" is to ask the emperor to investigate and deal with the corruption of military pay by the governor of Jiangsu and Zhejiang and Manchu nobles. It was this memorial that made Eryou framed by powerful officials and officials, and eventually alienated Qianlong, resulting in the crime of "being in office". In the 16th year of Qianlong, he lost his official position. Yang Eryou was disheartened when he returned home from his official career. He had a deep understanding of "the sinister Officialdom" and "accompanying a king like a tiger". He was easy to keep away from people, and he just "thought about his mistakes behind closed doors" every day. In 1757, Liu Tongxun, Minister of military aircraft and Minister of Xingbu, went to Shanxi to investigate the case. When he visited Jinci temple, he paid a special visit to Yang Eryou. He advised him not to be too depressed and to be "open-minded and affectionate" to his hometown. From then on, Yang Eryou began to take part in social activities. From time to time, he interacted with his neighbors, celebrities and local officials. He showed great enthusiasm for the restoration of Jinci historic sites, and his later life was full of new vitality. He took part in the construction of Wenchang Pavilion, the expansion of Wenchang palace, the reconstruction of Qixian temple, Baiyue mountain house, Tongle Pavilion, Zhenyan Baohan Pavilion and other projects, and wrote and erected monuments for them. Among them, the brick carvings of Baiyue mountain house and stone carvings of Tongle pavilion are quite unique

Chinese PinYin : Yang Er You