Du Yan

Du Yan

Du Yan (978-1057, March 17), the word Shichang. Yuezhou Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) people. After du you, a famous Minister of the Northern Song Dynasty and Prime Minister of the Tang Dynasty.

In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), Du Yandeng became a Jinshi, and was a supplement to Yangzhou's observation and promotion officials. He learned about Qian, Yang, Tianxiong, Yongxing, and other state armies, and was famous for his good command of prison. Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty specially called him Zhongcheng, the censor, and concurrently sentenced liuneiquan, the official department. He has successively held the posts of Zhi Shen Guan yuan, Zhi Yongxing Jun, Shu Mi Shi, etc. In the fourth year of Qingli (1044), he worshipped Zhang Shi of Tongping and supported the "Qingli New Deal". He gave up for a hundred days and came to know Yanzhou. In the seventh year of Qingli (1047), he became an official with the crown prince as his junior teacher, and was granted the title of Duke of Qi. After living in Nandu for ten years, Du Yan died in 1057, 80. He was given the title of "Zhengxian" by situ jianshizhong.

Du Yanshan's poems, Gongshu and cursive calligraphy all have their own rules, which are highly valued by the world. There is a volume of Du Qi Gong Zhi manuscript in the collection of famous scholars of the two Song Dynasties, and his poems are recorded in the whole song poetry.

Source: five old pictures of Suiyang

Life of the characters

Determined to study hard

In 978, Du Yan was born. When he was young, his mother remarried to the Qian family. In the fourth year of Chunhua (993), 15-year-old Du Yan was maltreated by two elder brothers and chopped him with a sword. Later, when he went to his mother, his stepfather refused to take him in, so he had to wander in Monroe and other places. Li Shi, a rich man, saw Du Yan's extraordinary appearance and married his daughter to him. Du Yan had a hard life, a strong ambition and a passion for reading.

The government has its reputation

In the first year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1008), Du Yanzhong was a member of Jinshi family. After he became a Jinshi, Du Yanbu was appointed as the official of Yangzhou observation and promotion, and changed to the Secretary of Zhuolang county and zhipingyao county. Later, he was recommended by the envoys of the imperial court as the general judge of Jinzhou. The imperial court issued an imperial edict to select officials of high quality, among which Du Yan was ranked first, and was promoted to Qianzhou. When Chen Yaozi pacified Shaanxi Province, the imperial court ordered the vassal government to give banquet. When Chen Yaozi went to Qianzhou, Du Yan specially gave banquet because of his talent and transferred him to Fengxiang Prefecture. When Du Yan returned home from office, the people of the two states stopped him in the territory of the state and said, "why do you want to remove our virtuous prefect?" After Du Yan, Dr. Taichang was promoted to be a member of Shangshu temple. When he visited Luzhou, he clarified the unjust case, so Wang Shu, the governor of Luzhou, wrote the record of distinguishing prison. When Gao Jisheng learned about Shizhou, he was falsely accused of conspiring with foreigners to plot a rebellion and was arrested. This case has not been decided for a long time. Du Yan identified this unjust case and punished the false accuser. Ninghua army guard will be sentenced to death, the case is not true, Du Yan repeated verification to correct. The general didn't commit a crime and appealed to the court. The court ordered a review of the sentence and prison. Sure enough, the man was not guilty of death. Du Yan was transferred to Jingxi Road, where he was transferred to Yangzhou. In the sixth year of Tiansheng (1028), a minister called Du Yanzhi a meritorious man, and he should be rewarded, so he was promoted to wailang, a member of the Ministry of punishment. Empress Dowager Liu (< I > < I > < I > empress Zhang xianmingsu) sent envoys to pacify Huainan. After the messenger returned to Beijing, the Empress Dowager asked Du Yan if he was well. The emissary reported Du Yan's achievements to the empress dowager, who exclaimed, "I've heard about him for a long time." After that, Du Yan served successively as deputy envoy of Hedong transportation, Shaanxi transportation, and Deputy envoy of the third division of the household department. He was also promoted to tianzhangge Daizhi and zhijiangling Prefecture. Before he took office, he happened to be short of military expenditure in Hebei Province. The imperial court appointed Du Yan to be the transit envoy of Hebei Province. He had a good financial management, and he did not levy taxes on the people, but made military spending adequate. After returning to Beijing, Du Yan was appointed as a privy direct bachelor. He asked to go out to work, and was able to remonstrate the doctor on the right to appoint zhitianxiong army. Du Yan's administration was rigorous and meticulous, and he didn't need severe punishment to supervise officials, but the officials and the people were also afraid of his integrity. Renzong called him Zhongcheng. Du Yan thought that the officials of Zhongshu and privy should be summoned frequently and their suggestions should be listened to more. In view of the situation that the wealthy merchants at that time suffered from low income and high sales, hoarding and living in strange places, he put forward the Changping law of "there are plenty and evil in the year, there are high and low prices in the valley, the officials level it with the law, then the farmers have surplus profits". When Du Yan concurrently sentenced Liu Neiquan of the Ministry of official affairs, he immediately issued a letter to the subordinate officials according to the current situation that most of the officials accepted bribes and took advantage of the loopholes of the law because of the numerous and lengthy rules for selecting and supplementing articles. Du Yan tried his best to read the book and understand it clearly. On the next day, he ordered other officials not to go up to the court, but to listen to their own documents in this department. The election was all decided by themselves, so that officials could not seek profits. A few days later, Du Yansheng shocked the capital. Later, he changed to the court of judges and made a ruling according to the way he used to make when he was in the Ministry of officials. Then he was promoted to minister of the Ministry of industry and zhiyongxing army. There was a local people who lost his wife during the day. Du Yan captured the criminal, excavated the buried bodies and found the bodies of two other women killed by the criminal. Qin people were shocked. Later, we should know the same state.

Get rid of the disadvantages of the people

In 1038, Li Yuanhao rebelled against Song Dynasty and established Xixia. Because Taiyuan in Bingzhou was a strategic place, jiaduyan was a Bachelor of LongTuge. In 1039, Du Yanqian, the official Minister of the Ministry of punishment, went out to know Yongxing army again. At that time, the war between the Song Dynasty and the Xia Dynasty rose, and the common people suffered from military service, so the officials became traitors. Du Yan respectively planned to give sufficient assembly time according to the distance of the road, so that the people could serve in turn, saving half of the cost compared with other states. After he returned to Beijing, he acted as the magistrate of Kaifeng Prefecture. People nearby had heard about Du Yan's reputation for a long time, and they did not dare to ask for help privately. Kaifeng government often has capable officials, but only Duke (< I > Du Yan < / I >) is good at civil affairs

Loyalty in business

In the first year of Kangding (1040), Du Yan was promoted to Tongzhi Privy Council and changed to Deputy privy minister. The prime minister planned to adopt the strategy of four routes in Shaanxi Province, appeasing and persuading Xia song to play Chen. Du Yan said, "accidental success is not a panacea." The two sides argued, but Du Yan asked to be dismissed, but was not allowed. Renzong personally issued an imperial edict to encourage him. After that, he served as the Xuanfu envoy of Hedong. In the third year of Qingli (1043), he was promoted to minister and privy envoy of the Ministry of officials. Every time he came to Renzong, Du Yan didn't carry out the edict. He accumulated more than ten imperial edicts and offered them to Renzong. Ouyang Xiu, the admonitor, entered the court. Renzong said, "do outsiders know that Du Yanfeng is still in the court? Those who ask for help from me always tell the petitioner that Du Yan doesn't agree with them and stop. There are more imperial edicts sealed by Du Yan. " after the war between Liao and Xia, Fan Zhongyan, a political adviser, wanted to personally lead his troops to the war. Du Yan said: "the two countries are at war and the army is in full swing. We should not send troops easily." Fan Zhongyan argued with Du Yan in front of Renzong and slandered Du Yan. His words were very sharp and urgent. Fan Zhongyan once served Du Yan with his father's propriety, but Du Yan didn't hate him for it. Liu Sanguo, the emperor's son-in-law of Liao Dynasty, defected to the Song Dynasty. His assistant ministers suggested that Liu Sanguo should be treated favorably in order to obtain the military secrets of Liao Dynasty. Ouyang Xiu also asked to keep Liu. Renzong asked Du Yan for advice. Du Yan said: "our country advocates faithfulness. If we break the oath and accept defectors, we will not be justified. Moreover, Liu Sangong was a close relative of Khitan, but he fled to come to surrender. In this way, could he still plan state affairs with him? It's better to return him to Khitan than to accept him. " Renzong then returned Liu to the Liao Dynasty.

Prime Minister of hundred days

On September 26, the fourth year of Qingli (1044), Du Yan was promoted to Tongping Zhangshi, the Bachelor of Jixian hall and the Secretary of the secret service. He likes to recommend the wise and restrain the sycophants, so he often offends others. Su Shunqin, Du Yan's son-in-law and CI poet, offended the dignitaries by his words in the article. When he entered the court, according to the old rule, he used Jiyue to amuse the guests when he sacrificed to the temple. Jixian School Manager Wang Yirou is recommended by Du Yan. It is said that Wang Yirou once wrote the song of pride. The censor impeached Du Yan and Wang Yirou one by one, trying to frame Du Yan. Sun Fu, the remonstrating official, said: "Ding Du asked for an official while playing the duet. Please hand over the matter to the law enforcement officials." Ding Du knew that Sun Fu's performance was wrong, so he tried to ask for the right one. Because Sun Fu had just sent an envoy to Khitan, Du Yan suspended the performance temporarily, and Ding Du hated Du Yan very much. When Du Yan was dismissed, Ding Du Cao Zhao accused Du Yan of forming a clique. At that time, Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi, Han Qi and others were criticized for hosting the "Qingli New Deal". Renzong intends to remove them. Du Yan pleads for them alone, but is considered to be a member of the clique. In the first month of the fifth year of Qingli (1045), after 120 days as prime minister, Du Yan finally quit and left Beijing to serve as ministers Zuo Cheng and Zhi Yanzhou. Du Yan is very popular in the local area, and is known as "Shandong especially respects AI Zhi".

Ten years of leisure

In the first month of the seventh year of Qingli (1047), Du Yan was just 70 years old, and he had already asked to be an official. The prime minister Jia Changchao didn't like Du Yan, so he didn't follow the usual rules. As soon as he presented the memorial, he was able to become an official (< I > "< / I > < I > one of the three shaos < / I > < I >" < / I >) by the prince Shaoshi (< I > as a rule, he should lower the imperial edict first to retain < / I >). After becoming an official, Du Yan lived in yingtianfu, Nanjing (< I > today < / I > < I > Shangqiu, Henan < / I >). In July of the first year of emperor you's reign (1048), Emperor Renzong granted Du Yan the title of crown prince. In September of the first year of Huangyou (1049), Emperor Renzong ordered Du Yan to go to Kaifeng mansion, the capital of Kaifeng, to accompany the Ming Temple. He ordered Du Yan to go to the road at the urging of Tianfu, and set up tents and several battles at duting post station to wait for him. Du Yan claimed to be ill and strongly declined. Later, the imperial court paid homage to Prince Du Yan and granted his son the same Jinshi background. In July of the fifth year of emperor you's reign (1053), Du Yan was promoted to be the crown prince and the Grand Master of zizhengdian. The imperial court ordered Wang Zhu to follow the imperial edict

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