The finest spring under heaven

Located in the west of Jinshan Temple and at the foot of Shitan mountain in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, zhonglengquan is known as the No.1 spring in the world. Liu Renchu, Minister of Tang Dynasty, is a famous spring taster. According to the two standards of water quality (clear, lively and light) and water taste (sweet and cold), zhonglengquan is rated as "the No.1 spring in the world". There are pavilions in the South and buildings in the north of zhonglengquan, surrounded by stone railings. The five characters "the best spring in the world" written by Wang renkan, a calligrapher of Qing Dynasty, are carved on the stone railings.

Baotu Spring

synonym

The first spring in the world (Baotu Spring in Jinan) generally refers to Baotu Spring (one of the three famous scenic spots in Jinan)

Baotu Spring, one of the three famous scenic spots in Jinan, is located in Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong Province. It is adjacent to Quancheng Square in the East and Wulongtan in the north, covering an area of 158 mu, ranking first among the 72 Famous Springs in Jinan. During Emperor Qianlong's southern tour, Baotu Spring was honored as "the first spring in the world" for its mellow and sweet taste of tea.

It is also a famous spring in Jinan, which was first seen in ancient literature.

Baotu Spring eye is located in front of Luoyuan hall in Baotu Spring Park. In 1931, the banks were built with stones. After several changes, a rectangular spring pool is formed, 30 meters long, 18 meters wide and 2.2 meters deep. It is adjacent to Luoyuan hall in the north, Guanlan Pavilion in the west, Laihe bridge in the East and long corridor in the south. The spring water gushes out from the underground limestone cave, with 70000 cubic meters of spring water every day. The spring water has three outlets, and the maximum water inflow is 162000 meters / day. The water temperature of Baotu Spring is about 18 ℃ throughout the year. Baotu Spring is surrounded by places of interest such as Luoyuan hall, Guanlan Pavilion, Shangzhi hall, Li Qingzhao memorial hall, Li kuchan memorial hall, etc.

Baotu Spring, Qianfo Mountain and Daming Lake are the three famous scenic spots in Jinan.

In 2013, Baotu Spring, the "No.1 spring scenic spot in the world", became a national AAAAA scenic spot.

On the afternoon of September 5, 2016, Baotu Spring Group provincial Geopark was opened.

Historical evolution

The origin of the name

Baotu Spring didn't have an official name at first, because Baotu Spring was the source of ancient Luoshui, so it was often used to refer to Baotu Spring in history. Li Daoyuan, a geographer of the Northern Wei Dynasty, wrote in shuijingzhu: "Luoshui comes out of the southwest of the old city of Licheng County, where the spring is rising and the water gushes like a wheel." On the houyin spring, there is an eying temple for worshiping E-Huang and nu Ying, also known as eying water.

Zeng Gong of Song Dynasty named Baotu Spring "chuangquan" when he was the governor of Qizhou. "Threshold" means "abuse". The canon of "chuangquan" comes from the book of songs. In the book of songs, Da Ya zhan'ang, it is written that "chuangquan is deep." However, Jinan people, because of the "threshold spring" known as Taiya, directly abandoned. For this matter, Yuan Haowen of Jin dynasty recorded in Ji'nan Xingji: "in modern times, there was a Taishou who changed the name of the spring to Chuanquan, and set up a chuanquanfang. However, the local people call "explosive flow as before." Jinan people still call it "explosive spring". The name "explosive flow" also has many similar names, "Baotu" is one of them.

Zeng Gong recorded in Qizhou Ertang Ji: "from the north of (Ke Ma) cliff to the west of Licheng, there is a spring which is 50 Li high, or several feet high. The name of the person beside it is Baotu Spring.".

The so-called "sudden change" means jumping and rushing.

Development and evolution

In 2002, according to the "oracle bone inscriptions" unearthed in Anyang, Henan Province, the records of Baotu Spring can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty, up to 3543 years.

Baotu Spring is the source of ancient Luoshui, which was called "Luoshui" in ancient times. As early as 2600 years ago in the annals of the spring and Autumn Annals, it was recorded that "Duke Huan of Lu met Qi marquis in Luoshui".

Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty wrote in the annotation to the water classic: "on the spring, the water surges like a wheel, and the snow waves stand out for several feet. The sound is like thunder "Luoshui comes out of the southwest of the old town of Licheng county. The spring source is up and up, and the water gushes like a wheel, while the water gushes into three caves."

When Zeng Gong was the governor of Qizhou in the Song Dynasty, he built "Luoyuan hall" beside the spring, and wrote a record of Qizhou two halls, officially giving Luoshui the name of "Baotu Spring". The spring is also known as "sill spring", "eying water", "hot spring", "waterfall water" and "Sangushui". In Qizhou Ertang Ji, it is said that "from the north of (Ke Ma) cliff to the west of Licheng, there is a spring rising 50 Li, which is several feet high. The name of the person beside it is Baotu Spring."

It is said that when Emperor Qian went to Jiangnan, he brought Yuquan water from Beijing with him. After he tasted Baotu Spring Water in Jinan, he immediately changed it to Baotu Spring and sealed it as "the first spring in the world".

Stop spray experience

At the end of 1990s, Baotu Spring often fell into the dilemma of seasonal blowout stop due to the hydrological conditions of Jinan City. In 2001, it set a historical record of 890 days of blowout stop. The stopping of spring water shows the importance of current environmental protection from one aspect. Since September 2003, Baotu Spring has basically restored the scene of continuous spring water in four seasons after taking measures such as increasing the protection of groundwater and releasing water to protect springs. Later, there was a fault surge from May to June in 2007. However, after the rainstorm on July 18, 2007 in Jinan, Baotu Spring resumed the scene of continuous spring water in four seasons.

On December 26, 2014, the groundwater level of Baotu Spring in Jinan dropped to 27.95m, breaking the 28m orange warning line for 13 consecutive days, reaching the lowest water level in the same period since the resumption of Baotu Spring in 2003. In 2014, the precipitation in Jinan decreased by more than 30% compared with that in the same period of the year, which made Baotu Spring, which has been gushing for 11 years, face the crisis of stopping gushing again.

On February 8, 2015, Baotu Spring was faced with blowout stoppage, which aggravated the underground water theft.

From March 22 to June 6, the water level of Baotu Spring fell behind the red warning level for 11 consecutive days. On June 6, the groundwater level of Baotu Spring in Jinan dropped to 27.65 meters, approaching the red warning line of 27.6 meters again, 28 cm lower than that on May 12, and 37 cm lower than that in the same period of 2014.

In June, due to the dry weather, the water level of Baotu Spring in Jinan continued to drop, and the phenomenon of "fish crawling on the mud" appeared on the lake surface, and the fish were swimming in the mud with their backs exposed.

On April 2, 2016, the water level of Baotu Spring in Jinan fell to 27.38 meters, breaking another important pass. The three outlets of Baotu Spring only had weak water lines. Another well-known spring, Heihu spring, has a great drop in water potential. The Western beast head has been completely cut off, and the other two are also very weak.

On July 7, the water level of Baotu Spring in Jinan dropped to 27.47 meters, 21 cm lower than that of the same period last year, the lowest since the continuous gushing of Baotu Spring in 2003. In order to slow down the decline of the groundwater level, the relevant departments of Jinan City for the first time called the Yangtze River water to supplement the source, with a daily supply of more than 300000 cubic meters.

On the afternoon of 15th, 2015, the water level of Baotu Spring rose sharply after the rain. The water level of Baotu Spring rose to 27.49 meters in the morning, 7 cm higher than the previous day, and 32 cm higher than the lowest real-time water level of 27.17 meters more than ten days ago, gradually leaving the crisis area.

In November 2017, the water level of Baotu Spring was below the orange warning line for 8 consecutive days, the lowest level since the spring re gushed in 2003, which was nearly 1 meter lower than that in the same period of last year, breaking the orange line three months earlier

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High water level

In 2005, the water level of Baotu Spring began to rise continuously. The exposed elevation of water level reached 29.94 meters, breaking the record of the highest water level of 29.90 meters, setting a new record since 2003.

Since July 2005, the water level of Baotu Spring has begun to rise, especially since the middle of July. With the rise of water level, once the first of the eight scenic spots in Jinan, the scene of "jumping into the air" reappeared, and the spring water burst out of the three caves reached 40-50 cm.

On September 23, 2010, the groundwater level of Baotu Spring rose to 30.01 meters, the highest since 1966.

In September 2014, the water level of Baotu Spring reached 28.31 m on the 6th, which was more than 27.00 M 1 m higher than the water level of stopping spraying.

Baotu Spring has been gushing continuously for 12 years from September 6, 2003 to 2015, setting the longest continuous gushing record in nearly 40 years.

On August 17, 2016, the water level of Baotu Spring rose to 29.14 meters after the rain, rising by 27 cm overnight.

The gushing Baotu springs form a white mist in the cool air of early autumn. The three streams of water "gush like a wheel", reappearing the famous landscape "cloud moistening and steaming" in history.

On August 13, 2019, the groundwater level of Baotu Spring reached 28.44 meters. On the 14th, the groundwater level of Baotu Spring reached 28.54 meters, which was higher than 28.35 meters in 2017, 28.05 meters in 2015 and 27.98 meters in 2018.

geographical environment

Location context

Baotu Spring is located in the center of Jinan City, west of Quancheng Square, in the middle of Baotu Spring South Road and Luoyuan street,

It is adjacent to Wulongtan Park in the north.

The spring pool is 30 meters long from east to west and 20 meters wide from north to south. Baotu Spring is surrounded by large stones. You can view the wonderful scenery of the three springs in the pool from the fence. Near Baotu Spring, there are golden thread spring, Shuyu spring and Xibo spring

Chinese PinYin : Tian Xia Di Yi Quan