Linhuan ancient city site

Linhuan ancient city is about 35 kilometers southwest of Suixi County. There are existing ancient city walls, Wenchang palace, Town God's Temple, uncle tombs, Ji Kang's old residence, traditional old street, characteristic ancient teahouse, and the former site of Huaihai Campaign. The history and culture of Linhuan can be traced back to the late Neolithic Age 4000 years ago. Linhuan ancient city is located 40 kilometers southwest of Huaibei City. The protection of the ancient city wall at the east gate is poor. There is a stone tablet on the south side of the wheat field under the city. The handwriting on the stone tablet is blurred. After careful identification, it was found that this stone tablet was erected in July 1986 when Linhuan ancient city site was rated as a key cultural relic protection unit in the whole province. Standing here on the wall of the earthen City, you can see graves everywhere. There are nearly a hundred tombs of different sizes on the city wall more than 100 meters long. According to reports, most of the tombs here were in the 1980s. In recent years, although the local government vigorously promotes cremation in rural areas, it is difficult for some local residents to change their burial habits. The old tombs on the walls of the ancient city have not been leveled, but new ones have been built again. "In some places, two or three layers of tombs have been buried." The topsoil of the earthen city wall is exposed due to the decrease of vegetation. The site of the ancient city wall is facing the situation of earth avalanche due to the strong wind and rain.

Linhuan ancient city site

Linhuan ancient city site is located in Linhuan Town, 35 kilometers southwest of Suixi County, Huaibei City, Anhui Province. The wall of the ancient city is surrounded by Linhuan. The plane is square, with a total length of 5690 meters. It is now 5-7 meters high. The wall is rammed, and there is a moat outside the city.

On May 25, 2006, Linhuan ancient city site was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

Status quo of the site

Linhuan ancient city wall is adjacent to Huihe River (ancient name huanshui) in the South and flat cultivated land in the East, West and North. It is 1km away from Suifu railway in the East and 0908 national defense highway passes through the city from northeast to south.

Most of the streets and villages are concentrated on the North Bank of Huihe River in the southeast of the ancient city. There are three prominent highlands on the bank, among which the observatory is the largest. The ancient city is made of rammed earth and was built twice. For the first time, the soil layer is composed of raw soil at the base and loess sand mixture at the top, 20 to 25 meters wide and 5 to 8 meters high. On this basis, the second construction widened 10 to 15 meters, increased 5 to 7 meters, and the soil color was yellowish brown. The thickness of tamping layer is 10 cm, the diameter of tamping pit is 11 cm, and the tamping distance is about 1 cm. The whole city wall is nearly square, 1409 meters long from east to west, 1394 meters wide from north to south, 5606 meters in circumference, covering an area of 194 square meters. 50000 square meters. The existing wall is 35 to 50 meters wide at the base and 5 to 8 meters wide at the top. The northern city wall is well preserved. In the upper part of the city wall, there are nine beacon towers, about 100 meters apart, 35 to 50 meters long and 15 to 30 meters wide, 5 meters higher than the city wall. The city has four gates, East, West, North and south. There is a moat outside the city, 4 meters long. 2 km, 10 m wide and 4 m deep. At present, the river still exists.

In the second construction of the city, a lot of clay red, gray pottery and tiles were found in the rammed soil layer and on the surface of the earth. The recognizable shapes include four ear flat bottom pots, bowls and basins. Some of them are decorated with string patterns, nail patterns and additional stacking patterns on the edge of the pot mouth. There are long and short tile necks, deep and shallow tile rims. There are two kinds of rope patterns on the tile surface. There are square pattern and cloth pattern in the tile, and a small number of rope pattern feet, triangular tripod on the side and cloud pattern tiles. According to the above unearthed relics, most of them are from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the spring and Autumn period, the Warring States period and the Han Dynasty. It can be seen that the city was built in the spring and Autumn period, and the second covering construction should belong to the Han Dynasty.

Historical records

According to the records of Suzhou, "Linhuan was established in the Qin Dynasty, which was the result of the Han Dynasty. In the song and Qi dynasties, he entered the Wei Dynasty. In the Liang Dynasty, he conquered the Wei city as a county. Later, he returned to the Wei Dynasty and set up Dan city. In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, he set up Bai county and Huanbei county. In the Northern Qi Dynasty, the county was abolished. Linhuan County in the Sui Dynasty was ruled by the Sui Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1265), the county was abandoned and merged into Suzhou in the fourth year. "Linhuan has been a place for soldiers since ancient times. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, Chen Sheng revolted and captured the city. Wu Feng, the leader of the rebel army, was from the county. In the first year of the Eastern Han Dynasty (190), Cao Cao recruited more than 1000 soldiers in the city in order to defeat Dong Zhuo. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Murong of the former Yan Dynasty attacked the Jin Dynasty, and was trapped in the Yan Dynasty. In 1232, the Mongols attacked the city and Zhang Ruoyu defended it. In the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856) of the Qing Dynasty, the Nian Army won the night attack on Linhuan defense camp, and divided its troops to guard it and fought with the Qing army many times. At the end of the 37th year of the Republic of China (1948), Linhuan was the headquarters of the General Front Committee of the Huaihai Campaign.

archaeological excavation

In order to cooperate with the construction project of Linhuan sewage pipe network, and to understand the wall structure, construction method, age and other related issues of Linhuan ancient city wall, Anhui Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology excavated it from December 2016 to January 2017, which lasted for nearly 40 days, with an excavation area of nearly 200 square meters. Through the dissection of the ancient city wall, the following understandings are obtained.

1. The city wall is built by piling up soil on the flat ground. A layer of gray fine silt soil is laid at the bottom. The soil is dense, hard and pure, and then rammed layer by layer.

2. There are three major ramming processes of the city wall, but the first one is the main one. The first ramming was made of loess and grey silt soil. The soil is compact and pure, with a bottom width of more than 30 meters and a height of nearly 8 meters. The second ramming was concentrated on the outer side of the city wall, with a small part on the inner side, and a small amount of sand and stone in the rammed earth; the third ramming was concentrated on the outer side of the city wall, with a small part on the inner side, and the ramming layer was the most obvious, with more than 30 layers, with the thickness of 6-15CM and the thickness of 8-12cm, and the rammed earth contained more sand and some tiles, snail shells, clam shells, etc.

3. After the third tamping, there was a phenomenon of covering soil, which covered the former city wall.

4. According to the strata superimposed relationship and unearthed relics, the second and third ramming process should be Han Dynasty, and the first construction process was Han Dynasty or before, but no relics were found in the first wall.

5. In addition to the city wall itself, there are some ancillary facilities in the city wall. A drainage pipe was found between the second and the third tamping process. Its purpose should be related to the protection of the city wall.

Protection level

In July 1986, the people's Government of Anhui Province announced it as a key cultural relics protection unit at the provincial level.

On May 25, 2006, Linhuan ancient city site was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

Address: Linhuan ancient city site, 202 provincial road, Suixi County, Huaibei, Anhui Province, China

Longitude: 116.562829

Latitude: 33.6963

Chinese PinYin : Lin Huan Gu Cheng Yi Zhi