Yecheng site

Yecheng Santai refers to jinfengtai, tongquetai and bingjingtai, which are located in Santai village of Yecheng site. It is also the birthplace of "Jian'an Literature". Jinfengtai, formerly known as jinhutai, is located in the west of Santai village. It is the southernmost one of Santai. It was built by Cao Cao in the 18th year of Jian'an (213 A.D.) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to historical records, the platform is 8 feet high and there are 135 houses. The existing rammed earth site of jinfengtai is relatively complete, 122 meters long from north to south, 70 meters wide from east to west, and 12 meters high. On the south side of the platform is the Wenchang Pavilion built in the eighth year of Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty. In front of the pavilion is a plaque of jinfengtai, and in front of the door is a pair of stone carvings of the Northern Dynasty. The shape is simple and the carving is fine. There are many famous inscriptions in the pavilion at the back of the pavilion. Among them, "the first stele of the Qingguan temple in jinfengtai cave of Ye Town" in the Yuan Dynasty is carved with six dragons on the forehead, which is of high artistic value. There are 53 stone steps to the north of the pavilion. If you pick up the steps, you can reach the jinfengtaixiang. There is a cultural relics exhibition room on the top of the platform, displaying precious cultural relics unearthed in and around Yecheng. On the west side of the stone level, there is a cave, which is Cao Cao's cave for Tibetan soldiers. It leads to Jiangwu city in Cixian county.

Yecheng site

Yecheng site, located in Linzhang County, Handan City, Hebei Province, is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

In history, the capital sites of Cao Wei, Hou Zhao, ran Wei, Qian Yan, Dong Wei and Bei Qi are composed of two cities. Yebei city was the capital built by Cao Cao in the ninth year of Jian'an (204). After Cao Pi moved the capital to Luoyang in the Han Dynasty, it became the northern capital. Later Zhao Dynasty, Eastern Wei Dynasty and Northern Qi Dynasty successively built Ye. In the first year of Chengguang (577), the Northern Qi Dynasty died, and the city declined. Yenan city was built on the south wall of yebei city in the first year of Yuanxiang (538) of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and was destroyed in the Sui Dynasty.

Yecheng is a city with clear functional division and strict structure, which embodies the urban construction concept of "planning before construction" for the first time. The unique position of Yecheng site in the history of Chinese urban development has always been one of the concerns of Chinese and foreign historical circles. Yecheng site is a sample of ancient capital construction in East Asia, which has a far-reaching influence on the construction of ancient cities in China, such as Chang'an and Luoyang, and even on the construction of ancient capitals in East Asian countries, such as Japan and South Korea.

In January 2012, the Yecheng archaeological team found a burial pit for Buddhist statues near the wall of Yecheng city in beiwuzhuang, Linzhang County, and excavated 2895 stone statues and remains from the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties, which is the most known burial pit for Buddhist statues since the founding of new China. On May 27, 2013, according to the 12th Five Year Plan for the protection of large sites approved by the State Administration of cultural relics and the Ministry of finance, the Yecheng site in Hebei province contains the Gaoling mausoleum in Anyang, Henan Province.

At the 20th Asian tourism golden tourism award ceremony held in 2014, Yecheng heritage Industrial Park won the title of "the 20th Golden Tourism Award · top 10 cultural charm tourism destinations".

Site layout

Yecheng site is divided into two parts: yebei city and Yenan City, roughly in Japanese shape. Yebei city was the layout of the city in the period of Cao Wei, which was built by Cao Cao. There are seven gates in the north, seven in the East and seven in the west, and five in the south. In the south, there are Guangyang gate, yongyang gate and Fengyang gate. In the north, there are Guangde gate and mang gate. In the East and West, there are Jianchun gate and Jinming gate.

According to records, beiyecheng (now Linzhang, Hebei Province) is 7 Li from east to west, 5 li from south to North and 6 gates from Zhou Dynasty. The actual survey results are 2400 meters from east to west and 1700 meters from north to south, which is slightly smaller than that recorded in literature. The city is divided into North and south parts by the main road running through the East and West gates. In the center of the north is the palace area. In the west is the Forbidden Garden, tongjue garden, with stables and armory. On the west city wall are three magnificent platforms, namely Tongque platform, Jinhu platform and Bingjing platform. To the east of the palace are Qili and yamen. The southern part of the city is a residential area, which is divided into Changshou, Jiyang, Yongping and Sizhong by the north-south road. Beiye City, with neat planning and convenient transportation, had a profound impact on the capital construction of the Northern Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties. According to records, nanyecheng is 6 Li from east to west, 8 li from north to South and 60 steps. Measured 2800 meters from east to west and 3460 meters from north to south, the city wall is tortuous, and there are moats outside the wall. The palace city is located in the center of the north part of the city, and there is a back garden in the north of the palace. The residents set up Lifang separately. Zhuming gate, the south gate, has been excavated. It is a sanmendao, with a square que building on the south side of the gate.

The eastern part of yebei city is the aristocratic concentrated area "Qili". The Southern District is mainly residential area, commercial area and handicraft industry area. The armory and stables are under the west wall to the south of Santai. The river passing through the middle of yebei city is called changminggou, which is the main water source of yebei city. In the period of Cao Wei, Zhanghe River flowed in the north of yebei city.

Because of the flood and diversion of zhangshui, the Yecheng site in Linzhang county was seriously damaged. Only some of the remains on the ground, such as jinhutai and tongquetai, and other relics, such as tiles and qingshihou, are preserved. Yecheng northwest, for the Eastern Wei, Northern Qi mausoleum area.

A east-west street connecting jianchunmen and jinmingmen divides yebei city into two areas: North and south. In the middle of the north area are palaces and government offices, while in the west is Tongque garden, also known as tongjue garden. Tongque garden is not only a garden for tourists, but also an important activity place for Jian'an literati. Cao Cao built three tall pavilions on the west wall of Tongque (JUE) garden. From south to north, they are Jinhu (Feng) terrace, Tongque terrace and Bingjing terrace. The three platforms were planned and built by Cao Cao. They are the pinnacle of ancient Chinese desktop architecture.

In the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Yenan city was built on the basis of yebei city. The south wall of the north city is the north wall of the South City, and the north gate of the south city is the South Gate of the north city.

The layout of yebei City inherited from the Qin and Han Dynasties and then Sui and Tang Dynasties. Its design concept of axial symmetry system, single palace layout and clear functional zoning had a far-reaching influence in the history of ancient Chinese capital planning. Later Yenan City, Chang'an City and Luoyang City in Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Beijing City in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties were all followed here. Pingcheng city in Nara, Japan was also built after Yenan city.

As the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties in the Wei, Jin, northern and Southern Dynasties, Yecheng occupies a brilliant position in the history of Chinese urban architecture, and can be called the model of Chinese urban architecture. The whole city emphasizes the arrangement of the central axis, the palace and streets are neat and symmetrical, the structure is rigorous, and the zoning is obvious. This kind of layout is a link between the past and the future, and has far-reaching influence. In particular, it has a great reference value for the later construction of Chang'an, Luoyang, Beijing and even the Japanese palace buildings.

Historical evolution

Linzhang, known as ye in ancient times, is said to be the fief of Daye, the son of the granddaughter Xiu of Zhuanxu emperor, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor. In the spring and Autumn period, Duke Huan of Qi built Ye City, which has a history of 2700 years. During the Warring States period, marquis Wen of Wei Dynasty was appointed as the capital. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao lived in ye, prospered hegemony and built three platforms of Tongque, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Cao Wei. In order to avoid the taboo of Sima ye, the Western Jin Dynasty changed the name of Ye City to "Linzhang", which got its name because it was adjacent to Zhanghe River in the north. During the Three Kingdoms, the two Jin Dynasties and the southern and Northern Dynasties, Yecheng, as the capital of the Six Dynasties of Cao Wei, Hou Zhao, ran Wei, Qian Yan, Eastern Wei and Northern Qi, has been the political, economic, cultural and military center of northern China for four centuries, creating a splendid historical culture, making Linzhang the "hometown of the three countries and the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties".

Yecheng in Linzhang has been the capital of Six Dynasties, including Cao Wei, Hou Zhao, ran Wei, Qian Yan, Dong Wei and Bei Qi. It has been the political, economic, military and cultural center of the Yellow River Basin for four centuries. It is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and is known as "the hometown of the Three Kingdoms and the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties". At the same time, Yecheng is also the place where ximenbao invests in Wuzhi, the birthplace of Jian'an literature, and the beginning of the construction plan of the central axis symmetry capital. During the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties, Yecheng was the center of Chinese Buddhist culture. There were more than 4000 large temples and more than 80000 monks and nuns around Yecheng alone.

Yebei city was the capital built by Cao Cao in the ninth year of Jian'an (204). After Cao Pi moved the capital to Luoyang in the Han Dynasty, it became the northern capital. Later Zhao Dynasty, Eastern Wei Dynasty and Northern Qi Dynasty successively built Ye. In the first year of Chengguang (577), the Northern Qi Dynasty died, and the city declined. Yenan city was built on the south wall of yebei city in the first year of Yuanxiang (538) of the Eastern Wei Dynasty and was destroyed in the Sui Dynasty. Yebeicheng site is located in Linzhang County, Hebei Province. It was discovered after 1957.

archaeological discovery

unearthed relic

In early 2012, the Yecheng archaeological team discovered the largest number of burial pits for Buddha statues since the founding of new China in beiwuzhuang, the Yecheng site in Linzhang County, with a total of 2895 Buddha statues unearthed. It attracts the attention of the world. Most of these Buddhist statues are made of white jade, and a few of them are made of blue stone. They span the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty and the early Tang Dynasty. They are rare in quantity, scale and exquisite shape.

According to Dr. he Liqun of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the statue of Zhuang Buddha in the northern Wu Dynasty began in the Eastern Wei and Northern Qi dynasties and ended in the early Tang Dynasty. The statue of Buddha in beiwuzhuang is one of the representative cultural relics of the first batch of restored statues. Among them, the statue of Buddha in "niche on the back of dragon tree" is extremely beautiful, which is the first discovery in the history of Buddhism in northern China.

The archaeological discovery of Yecheng site is one of the most important achievements of Chinese Buddhist archaeology. Such a large-scale (400 meters long) and important geographical location (near the Yudao road in Yecheng) multi monastery Buddhist temple undoubtedly has the style of a royal temple. It is said that the rulers at that time used 1 / 3 of the national treasury revenue to build Buddhist temples. The largest number of burial pits for Buddhist statues was found in New China.

In March 2012, Institute of archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Hebei Province

Chinese PinYin : Ye Cheng Yi Zhi