Laolongwan

Laolongwan

Laolongwan, a historic spot and lake in Linqu County, Shandong Province, is one of the 72 Famous Springs in China.

Located in Yeyuan town of the county. It is formed by underground springs gushing out of the surface river. It is named after the legend that there is a spring in the bay which leads directly to the East China Sea and a dragon lives in it. It has three characteristics: "many springs, clear water, constant temperature in four seasons", beautiful environment and ancient legend.

Laolongwan is an important source of industrial, agricultural and domestic water in Linqu County, and also a major part of Laolongwan scenic spot. The scenic spot is a provincial scenic spot in Shandong Province and a national AAA tourist area.

The origin of the name

Laolongwan, according to Li Daoyuan's notes to the water classic of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was called Xunye spring (Xunye water) in ancient times. It is famous for its water coming out of the cave, warm in winter and cool in summer, floating in the sea and cloudy in the mountains. Later, because of the local circulation of lake water flowing to the East China Sea (or the saying that there is a spring in Laolongwan leading to the East China Sea), the Dragon lived in it for 3000 years, so the Longwang temple was built, and the new name "Laolongwan" came into being.

Location context

Laolongwan is located in front of Yeyuan village, Yeyuan Town, 12.5km south of Linqu County, Shandong Province. The area of water surface is about 50 mu in Linqu County annals (1988-2000) and 80000 square meters in Linqu County annals (1988-2000). It is divided into two bays, Laolongwan in the West and Xiaolongwan in the East.

hydrographic features

Laolongwan is formed by underground spring gushing out of the surface. The water surface area is about 50 mu, and the depth is more than Zhang. It is clear and has a constant temperature (17-18 ℃) all the year round.

Laolongwan spring is a full discharge type spring with an area of more than 5.33 hectares, many springs and large discharge. Since 1975, the spring flow has been observed, and a large amount of detection data has been accumulated. After analysis, the annual average spring flow of the spring is 0.98 m3 / s, 1.5 m3 / s in wet season, 2.17 m3 / s in observation history, and 0.3-0.5 m3 / s in dry season.

In 1975, the average discharge was 1.43 m3 / s and the daily water inflow was 123600 m3; in 1987, the average discharge was reduced to 0.78 m3 / s and the daily water inflow was 67392 m3.

Before the 1990s, there was no record of water cut-off. Since the late 1970s, the industrial water consumption has increased and the water level in the Bay has dropped due to the successive droughts. After the 1990s, due to continuous dry years and a large number of artificial mining in the upstream recharge area, the groundwater level will drop significantly, and the spring may be cut off. For example, in April 1990, due to successive years of drought, the irrigation capacity of surface water was reduced to a minimum. More than 100 motor wells in Laolongwan recharge area pumped water day and night, with a daily pumping capacity of 100000 cubic meters. The groundwater level dropped seriously, resulting in the cutoff of Laolongwan on April 20. For the same reason, Laolongwan was cut off again on August 6, 2000. After the water cut-off, the county government effectively protected the Laolongwan spring area, strictly controlled the artificial well drilling in the Laolongwan recharge area, and rationally exploited the groundwater in the recharge area, which played a significant role in the protection of the Laolongwan spring flow.

Laolongwan, from Ordovician limestone. According to the national identification, the mineral water belongs to the strontium mineral water with radon, low sodium and low salinity. It contains a variety of trace elements necessary for human development and is rich in reserves.

natural environment

geology

Laolongwan is the junction of Taiyi mountains and Linqu fault basin. It is a part of Luxi uplift in the second uplift belt of Xinhua Xia system, which is mainly characterized by fault block structure inlaid by faults and fault blocks. The geological structure is generally a North dipping monoclinic structure with Paleozoic strata as the main body. The formation and movement of groundwater are controlled by the fault lines in the spring area, which is the boundary condition of groundwater evaluation. The middle and lower Ordovician strata in the spring area were formed by the strong action of the Mesozoic Yanshanian movement and the development of extensional faults, with loose structure and large pores. Under the joint action of the dissolution and precipitation of surface water and groundwater, and water erosion, they became the main karst development zone in the Laolongwan spring area, forming karst ditches, karst troughs, karst caves and other landforms.

Laolongwan (spring) is exposed in the northeast corner near the intersection of Yeyuan fault and Songzhuang fault. The total area of the direct supply area is about 165 square kilometers, ranging from Yeyuan fault in the north, Wuji fault in the west, Songzhuang fault in the East and sanyangshan fault in the south. Yeyuan fault is located in the south of Laolongwan, starting from Yeyuan in the East and intersecting Wujing fault in the west, with a total length of 15 km. It is the controlling fault that forms Laolongwan. The strike of the fault is northwest and inclines to northeast with an dip angle of 70-80 degrees. The volcanic rocks of Qingshan Formation of Cretaceous system are in the northeast and the limestone of Ordovician system is in the southwest. The karst fissures of Ordovician limestone, marl and dolomitic limestone are developed in the south of the fault. The volcanic rocks of Qingshan Formation of Cretaceous in the north of the fault are impermeable. The karst fissure water of Ordovician limestone in the south is blocked by the volcanic rocks of Qingshan Formation of Cretaceous to form Laolongwan spring.

landforms

Linqu County, where Laolongwan is located, has a complex terrain. The region is located in the northeast of Taiyi uplift, the south of Changwei depression and the west of Yishu Fault Zone. There are two structural forms of fold and fault. Yishan mountains are located in the East and West, with hills and plains accounting for 40%. Laolongwan is located at the junction of Qingshi mountain and plain. Haifu mountain is located in the south. Laolongwan is located in the upper reaches of Mihe River Basin. Mihe river flows from south to North in the East.

climate

Linqu County, where Laolongwan is located, has a temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons. After 1980s, the average annual precipitation is about 600 mm, the average temperature is 12.8 ℃, the average annual sunshine is 2514.1 hours, and the frost free period is 203 days.

river system

Laolongwan is located on the left bank of the Mihe river. In ancient times, the spring water flowed into the main stream of the Mihe River 500 meters eastward. According to the chapter of JuYang water in shuijingzhu Volume 26, JuYang water (the ancient name of Mihe River) entered Linqu County from the north of zhuxu, and was annotated by the fumigation spring (Laolongwan). Mihe river is the largest river in Linqu County. According to the old records, the main stream originated from Tianqi bay at the West foot of Yishan mountain. This bay no longer exists and the legend is not true. In fact, the spring group at the West foot of Yishan mountain converges near shuishiwu village, Yishan Township, which is the main stream. Meandering northward, it runs through 12 townships in Linqu County, including Yishan, Jiushan, Baisha, Shijiahe, yangjiahe, Yeyuan, Xinzhai, Qixian, Yangshan, yingzi, Linqu and Longgang, to the northwest of banjielou village in Longgang township.

Cultural relics

spring water

There are many springs in Laolongwan, such as zhuojianchi, shanxiquan, zhuomatan and wanbaoquan.

Zhujian pool, also known as Xunye spring, is one of the main sources of water in the west end of Laolongwan. On the rock cliff at the southwest corner of the pool, there are three majestic characters "sword casting pool" inscribed in the calligraphy of Xuesuo, a Taoist in the late Ming Dynasty. It has been recorded in Qicheng. In the spring and Autumn period, ouyezi chiseled out the source with a chaotic axe, and the name of "Yeyuan" came into being. Because ouyezi made hot gas in the water again and again when he forged the sword and quenched it, the spring was named "Xunye spring". Even Laolongwan was originally called "Xunye Lake", and then "sword casting pool" and "sword testing stone" were also named after Ou Yezi's sword casting and sword testing. Li Daoyuan, a geographer of the Northern Wei Dynasty, recorded Xunye water in shuijingzhu, saying: "Xunye water has become a famous trace." there is a temple beside the spring, which is called yeguan temple. It is the location of ancient yeguan.

Shanxi spring (Pearl Spring) is 40 meters to the east of the site of the South Bailong palace in Laolongwan. The spring water gushes from under the woliushi at the foot of Haifu mountain, just like a string of pearls. In midsummer, when we take a rest in the spring, the summer heat disappears; when we cook tea with boiling water, the fragrance is pure. It is said that because Li Daoyuan often sits on the woliushi beside the spring, he is called "shanxiquan" because of his good character.

Zhuomatan is located in front of Jiangnan Pavilion. The spring is prosperous and the water is clear. It is said that Zhong Lichun, the wife of King Xuan of Qi, once washed horses here in the late Warring States period, so it is called zhuomatan. "Zhuomatan" in Feng Weimin's ten sceneries of Yeyuan refers to the deep water behind Jiangnan Pavilion.

Wanbaoquan, located in the north of Laolongwan, is a rectangular pool with clear water. It is the main drinking spring for residents in the north of the bay. There is a stone tablet in the Songjie pavilion to the east of the pool, which is written by Feng Xitian, a scholar in the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty.

Qinchi, known as "Shenquan", also known as "Shenchi", also known as "Qinchi". In the shade of Longwan, west of zhuomatan. The name of Qinchi has a long history. According to historical records, in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and Warring States period, Qi brewing giant Tian Wuji was able to make "thousand days drunk" wine. It was first tested in Zishui, then in Dahe and Xiaohe, and then in JuYang water, but it failed repeatedly. Later, he went upstream along the river, looking for sweet spring to fumigation. He saw that the water was beautiful and clear, which was suitable for brewing. So he built a stove to steam at the side of the spring in the shade of the lake. As a result, it's not surprising that after drinking one liter, you can sleep for a hundred days. After drinking one Dou, you can wake up after three years. It's called "thousand days drunk". It's famous in Qilu for a time. In 219 B.C., the first emperor was on a tour to the East. When he was drunk, he praised him and said, "it's hard to make me drunk if it's not the liquid of the holy spring or the skill of Shaokang." Asked why, then give spring name "Shenchi", wine also followed. Later generations gave the name to commemorate the first emperor, also known as "Qinchi". As a result, Mingquan wine complements each other and is famous all over the world. Spring 1996

Chinese PinYin : Lao Long Wan