Zhongnanhai

Zhongnanhai is located in Xicheng District, Beijing, China. It is now the seat of the State Council of the people's Republic of China, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, the general office of the CPC Central Committee and other important organs, and is regarded as a symbol of the high level of the Chinese government. Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De and other party and state leaders once lived here. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council also worked here. It is a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Zhongnanhai was first built in Liao and Jin Dynasties, and then expanded continuously in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, covering an area of about 1500 mu (including about 700 mu of water surface). In ancient times, Zhongnanhai has always been the place for the imperial palaces and banquets. The main scenic spots in Zhonghai include Ziguang Pavilion, banana garden and Shuiyun Pavilion in isolated water. This pavilion was originally the site of long Tiantai in the Taiye pool of the Yuan Dynasty. There are also steles of "Taiye autumn wind", one of the "Eight Sights of Yanjing" inscribed by Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The main scenery in the South China Sea is Yingtai, which is a water Island Scenic Area composed of a group of pavilions and rockery pavilions. Important buildings include xiangluan Pavilion, Hanyuan hall, Xiangyi hall, zaoyun building, daiyuexuan, Yingxun Pavilion, etc. Yingtaidong existing stone bridge to the shore. In addition, there are fengzeyuan and Jinggu in Zhongnanhai, which are the gardens in the garden, especially the stacking technique of Jinggu's rockery. Zhongnanhai became the residence of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council of the people's Republic of China, and the residence of some state leaders. Many old buildings were demolished or rebuilt. Zhongnanhai has become a synonym for the high-level government of the people's Republic of China. Zhongnanhai is closed to the public. From 1977 to 1985, some landscapes of the South China Sea, including fengzeyuan and Yingtai, were opened to the public.

Zhongnanhai

Zhongnanhai is the joint name of Zhonghai and Nanhai. It is located on the west side of the Forbidden City in Beijing and south of Aoyu bridge. It covers an area of about 1500 mu, including 700 mu of water surface. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Its predecessor was Xiyuan. Before liberation, Zhongnanhai had always been the palace and banquet place of feudal emperors of all dynasties. The main scenery included Ziguang Pavilion, qinzheng hall, banana garden, Shuiyun Pavilion, Yingtai, Fengze garden and Jinggu.

Zhongnanhai was built in the Liao and Jin Dynasties. It was the Royal Garden of feudal rulers in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After the founding of the Republic of China, Zhongnanhai became the office of the Beiyang government. After the national government established Nanjing as its capital, it was open to the public as a park.

Zhongnanhai is now the National Center of the people's Republic of China, the symbol and pronoun of the highest administrative power. It is now the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the president of the people's Republic of China, the State Council of the people's Republic of China, the National People's Congress of the people's Republic of China, the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee, and the Discipline Inspection Commission of the CPC Central Committee It is also the residence of the supreme leader of the people's Republic of China and a place that makes the world feel more mysterious.

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Historical evolution

early stage

During the Jin Dynasty, there are Taiye pool and Daning palace in the northern part of Zhongnanhai today. Taiye Qiubo is one of the eight Yanjing scenic spots formed in the Jin Dynasty. During the construction of Dadu in Yuan Dynasty, Taiye pool was included in the Imperial City, and three groups of palaces were arranged around it, namely, Danei palace, longfu palace and Xingsheng palace. In the Yuan Dynasty, taiyechi was equivalent to Beihai and Zhonghai today.

The final formation of Zhongnanhai and Beihai buildings in Ming Dynasty began in Ming Dynasty. After the Ming Dynasty became the capital of Beijing, a new imperial palace was built in 1406. The palace city of Ming Dynasty moved southward on the basis of the palace of Yuan Dynasty, so the wall of the imperial city also moved southward. In order to enrich the landscape of the Imperial City, the South China Sea was excavated, and the earth excavated and the earth excavated from Tongzi River were piled into Wansui mountain (Jingshan). Beihai, Zhonghai and Nanhai are collectively referred to as "Taiye pool", which belongs to the imperial West garden. The Beihai sea and the Zhonghai sea are bounded by the jin'ao Yuyu bridge, and the Zhonghai sea and the South China Sea are bounded by the centipede bridge.

the Qing dynasty

After the Qing Dynasty established its capital in Beijing, it abolished all the imperial court's worship offices in the Imperial City, changed a large area of Xiyuan into residential buildings, set up "inner red walls" around Beihai, Zhonghai and Nanhai, and retreated the imperial court to the inner red wall.

Compared with the political symbol of the Forbidden City, the Qing emperor preferred to live in gardens. Shunzhi, Kangxi, and Qianlong emperors all built temples and pavilions in Zhongnanhai as a place for summer administration. During the Tongzhi and Guangxu periods, when Empress Dowager Cixi and the emperor moved from the summer palace to the Forbidden City in December, they mostly lived in Zhongnanhai and only went to the Forbidden City during the ceremony. After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, Empress Dowager Cixi imprisoned Emperor Guangxu in Yingtai in the South China Sea.

During the Boxer Movement in 1900, the Eight Power Allied forces invaded Beijing, and Zhongnanhai became the residence of the Russian army. All the cultural relics in the garden were looted. After the Eight Power Allied forces commander-in-chief vadesy occupied Beijing, he lived in the Yiluan hall in Zhongnanhai. After Puyi ascended the throne, he built the Regent's house in jilingyuan on the west coast of China Sea.

The Republic of China

After the founding of the Republic of China in 1912 and the abdication of the Qing Dynasty, Zhongnanhai was occupied by Yuan Shikai and became the presidential palace of the Beiyang government. During the reign of Yuan Shikai, Zhongnanhai was renamed "Xinhua Palace". At the same time, the exterior wall of Baoyue building was demolished and renamed xinhuamen.

Since then, xinhuamen has replaced xiyuanmen as the main gate of Zhongnanhai. Since then, Zhongnanhai has been used as the office of the president and Premier of the Beiyang government, and Zhang zuolin's "Shuai Fu". After the national government moved its capital to Nanjing, Zhongnanhai was opened to the public as a park. After the end of the Anti Japanese War, the Kuomintang took over Beiping and set its military commission camp in Zhongnanhai.

After liberation

After 1949, Zhongnanhai became the residence of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council of the people's Republic of China, and the residence of some state leaders. Many old buildings were demolished or rebuilt.

Many important leaders who are staying in Zhongnanhai are Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoji, Hua Guofeng, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao, and Xi Jinping. Therefore, Zhongnanhai has become a synonym for the high-level government of the people's Republic of China. Zhongnanhai is closed to the public. From 1977 to 1989, some landscapes of the South China Sea, including fengzeyuan and Yingtai, were opened to the public.

geographical environment

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Ziguang Pavilion is located on the northwest coast of China Sea and in the north of the west coast of China Sea. The pavilion is two stories high and seven rooms wide. It has a single eaves and a green glazed tile. In front of it, there are five rolling sheds and a building on the top of the mountain. Later, there is Wucheng hall. The surface is five rooms wide, with single eaves and rolling shed. Wu Zongshi of Ming Dynasty was a platform with a small hall with yellow tile roof. In the Ming Dynasty, the platform was abandoned and the Ziguang pavilion was built. In the Qing Dynasty, it was rebuilt and became a place for the emperor to inspect the bodyguards and compete in martial arts.

It was built twice in 1760 and 1775, with images of meritorious officials and wall charts of various battles hung, and weapons seized displayed. On the 5th of June in the 12th year of tongzhi (1873), Emperor Tongzhi received the envoys of Japan, Russia, the United States, France, the Netherlands and Britain in Ziguangge, and accepted their national documents. This was the first time that the Qing government formally received foreign envoys. After 1949, it was rebuilt as a place for state affairs activities. There is Wucheng hall behind the pavilion. The surface is five rooms wide, with single eaves and rolling shed.

Wanshan hall is located on the East Bank of Zhonghai, and it was called Jiaoyuan in Ming Dynasty. The original name of Chongzhi hall was changed to its present name during the reign of emperor Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty. The hall is dedicated to the three Buddha statues. There is a thousand holy hall behind the Wanshan hall, with a dome on the top. There are seven layers of thousand Buddha pagodas in the hall. Hall forehead "Pudu Cihang", hall worship Buddha. It is said that emperor Shunzhi was weak and ill, and he was beset by state affairs. So he became a Buddhist fan and had the idea of becoming a monk. Later, he was dissuaded by Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang. The Wanshan hall was built by Emperor Shunzhi, who believed in Buddhism, for the famous monks he admired.

Shuiyun Pavilion is located in the west of Wanshan hall. It is a pavilion on the water. Looking at the scenery around shuiyunxie in the pavilion, you can have a broad vision, and the clouds and water and pavilions and pavilions reflect each other. The stone tablet in the pavilion is engraved with Emperor Qianlong's handwriting "Taiye Qiufeng", which is one of the famous nine scenes in Yanjing.

Regent's house is located in the northwest corner of Zhongnanhai, with two walls in the northwest. It was originally located outside the Xiyuan wall. When the Xiyuan was expanded in the 11th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, it was enclosed in Zhongnanhai and canchikou Catholic Church was moved to Xishiku. Empress Dowager Cixi planned to build a new garden "jilingyuan" here, but it has not started. In 1909, it was allocated to Tsai Feng, the Regent, to build the Regent's house. The Regent's house is similar to the old alcohol King's house (North House), including middle road, East Road, West 1st Road, West 2nd Road and west garden. The project cost 2.06 million taels of silver.

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, the Royal Palace was not yet completed, but later it became the office of the State Council. After 1918, it became Xu Shichang's presidential palace, the Ministry of the army and the Ministry of the Navy, and the Beiping municipal government. After 1949, it was changed into the office area of the State Council. When the Zhongnanhai building was renovated on a large scale in the late 1970s, it was planned to take the Regent's mansion off the shelf for overhaul. However, it was found that the quality of the building was very poor, the foundation was loose, and the cracks between the wooden columns were filled with broken bricks, which could not be preserved, so it had to be demolished. The existing main gate and main hall are conference rooms. Zhou Enlai once lived in the West Flower hall in the west garden, which was also preserved.

Qinzheng hall used to be the main hall of Zhongnanhai, located on the bank between Zhonghai and Nanhai. The main gate is Dechang gate, which is the north gate of Nanhai. It faces south and has five rooms. Emperor Kangxi's title was "diligent administration". During the reform movement of 1898, Emperor Guangxu worked here to deal with state affairs related to the reform. The original building was demolished in the early years of the Republic of China. Only the place name remains. Another house was built at the site.

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Nan Hai