Ming Tombs Museum

Ming Tombs Museum

Ming Tombs Museum (Ming Tombs Museum) < / I is the general name of the tombs of Zhu Di, the founder of Ming Dynasty, and a total of 13 emperors after the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing. It is located at the south foot of Tianshou mountain in Changping District of Beijing, about 5 kilometers away from the center of Beijing, covering an area of more than 120 square kilometers. Its cultural relics include golden silk wings, SHANGUAN, Fengguan, gunfu, baiziyi, etc

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There are 13 emperors, 23 queens, one imperial concubine and dozens of imperial concubines buried in the Ming Tombs. Changling, Dingling and Zhaoling have been open to the public for a long time

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In 1957, the Beijing municipal government announced that the Ming Tombs were the first batch of key historic sites to be protected in Beijing

In 1961, the Ming Tombs were announced as the national key cultural relics protection units

In 2003, the Ming Tombs were listed as world cultural heritage

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Historical evolution

In 1409, the construction of Changling began.

In the first year of Hongxi in the Ming Dynasty (1425), the construction of Xianling began. In August of the same year, Xuanying was completed to bury mingrenzong, and ground buildings were built one after another.

In 1435, the construction of Jingling began. On June 21 of the same year, Xuanzong was buried

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In 1442, the Ming tower was built in Xianling.

In 1443, the Xianling building was completed

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The construction of Jingling will be completed in 1463.

In 1464, the construction of Yuling will begin. On June 20 of the same year, the Yuling project was completed

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In 1487, the construction of Maoling began.

In 1488, Maoling was completed, which took more than seven months. It covers an area of about 25600 square meters

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In 1505, the construction of the tailing mausoleum began. On October 19 of the same year, Xiaozong was buried in the tomb.

In the first year of Zhengde of Ming Dynasty (1506), all the ground buildings of the mausoleum were completed

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In 1521, the construction of Kangling began. On September 22 of the same year, Wu Zong was buried in the mausoleum.

In the first year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty (1522), Kangling was built, and the system is just like that of tailing.

In 1535, the empress Xia was buried in Kangling

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In 1536, Yongling was built

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In the 19th year of Jiajing (1540), the construction of Changling Shinto was completed

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In 1572, Emperor Shenzong ordered the construction of Zhaoling in Dayu mountain.

In 1573, the construction of Zhaoling was completed.

In the second year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1574), the foundation of Zhaoling building collapsed.

In the third year of Wanli (1575), Shenzong appointed Chen Yisong, the left Minister of the Ministry of industry, and other supervisors to rebuild the Zhaoling Mausoleum. In July of the same year, the mausoleum was completed

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In 1584, the construction of Dingling began.

In the 18th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1590), the Dingling mausoleum took six years to build and consumed eight million taels of silver.

In 1620, the Dingling mausoleum was officially opened

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In 1621, the construction of Qingling will begin. On July 29 of the same year, the underground palace closed to Longmen, which lasted for four months and consumed 1.5 million taels of silver.

In 1626, the ground construction of Qingling will be completed, covering an area of 27600 square meters

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In the first year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1628), the construction of Deling began.

In 1632, the tomb was completed.

In 1635, the peasant uprising army captured Fengyang and burned the imperial mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang's parents and 300000 pine trees.

In the ninth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1536), the Qing soldiers burned the tomb. In the same year, the Qing army withdrew to the north, and Emperor Chongzhen ordered that the mausoleum be rebuilt

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In 1644, Li Zicheng's peasant army, out of hatred for the emperor, set the Ming building on fire.

In 1644, the construction of Siling began.

In the second year of Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty (1645), the reconstruction of Siling tomb was completed.

In 1659, an additional stele pavilion was built in front of Siling

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In 1695, the Lingen hall and the two auxiliary halls of Zhaoling were struck by lightning and burned down.

In 1785, the Qing government restored the Ming Tombs in order to ease ethnic conflicts.

In 1787, the Ming Tombs were repaired

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In the sixth year of the Republic of China (1917), Yuling county was burned.

In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), the kuan'en gate of Deling rebuilt during the reign of Emperor Qianlong was burned down by local villagers, and the kuan'en hall was demolished in the subsequent war.

In 1947, the Kuomintang troops demolished the ground buildings of the cemetery on a large scale in order to repair the turrets.

In 1956, the excavation of Dingling began.

In 1956, the underground palace of Dingling was opened, and more than 3000 burial objects of emperor and empress Wanli of Ming Shenzong were unearthed.

In June 1985, Zhaoling began to prepare for the restoration and repair project.

In April 1987, Zhaoling restoration project officially started.

In August 1990, the restoration project of Zhaoling completed all the works except the slaughter Pavilion, the God kitchen and the God storehouse. On September 1 of the same year, it was officially opened as a tourist attraction.

In 1992, the restoration project of Zhaoling was completed

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In 2002, the office of the Special Administrative Region of the Ming Tombs repaired the dilapidated buildings of the mausoleum, while the kuan'en gate was restored according to the relics of the Qing Dynasty.

In 2003, the office of the Special Administrative Region of the Ming Tombs renovated the dilapidated buildings in the cemetery, and kuan'en gate was rebuilt based on the relics of Qianlong's reconstruction.

In 2006, the office of the Special Administrative Region of the Ming Tombs renovated the mausoleum.

In 2012, the above ground buildings of the newly built cultural relic library were opened as exhibition rooms. All the cultural relics on display were unearthed from Dingling, including the "golden crown" of Emperor Wanli and the "Phoenix crown" of empress Wanli.

On March 27, 2015, the relocation of the Ming Tombs was officially launched.

On November 10, 2015, the relocation of the Ming Tombs cultural relics was completed, which took nearly eight months to move more than 5000 pieces of the collection

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Architectural pattern

overview

The Ming Tombs Museum is the mausoleum complex of the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). It is composed of the mausoleums of Zhu Di, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and a total of 13 emperors after him. Therefore, it is called the Ming Tombs. The mausoleum area is about 120 square kilometers

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Changling of Ming Dynasty

Located at the south foot of the main peak of Tianshou mountain, Changling is the joint Tomb of Zhu Di, the third emperor of Ming Dynasty, and the empress Xu.

The palace of Changling covers an area of 120000 square meters. Its plane layout is in the shape of front and back circle. The square part in front of it is composed of three courtyards connected front and back. The first entrance to the courtyard is a mausoleum gate. It is a palace gate type building with single eaves on the top of Xieshan mountain. It has five rooms on the surface. Under the eaves, the architraves, the flyers, the eaves rafters and the three stepped single arch are all made of colored glass. There are three Red Gate under it. There is a platform in front of the tomb gate, and a wall type corner gate on the left and right (which has been removed and sealed). In the courtyard, there were five divine Chefs (on the left) and five divine storehouses (on the right) in the Ming Dynasty, and a stele pavilion was built before the divine chefs. Both the kitchen and the Treasury were destroyed in the middle of Qing Dynasty, while the stele pavilion has been preserved to this day

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Magic Road

The Shinto of the Ming Tombs, namely the Shinto of Changling, is the leading part of the mausoleum building of Changling. The total length is about 7.3 km. In Ming Dynasty, from south to north, there were stone archway, three empty bridge, dahongmen, Shengong Shengde tablet Pavilion, shixiangsheng, lingxingmen, South five empty bridge, seven empty bridge, North five empty bridge and other series of Shinto tomb facilities and bridge and culvert buildings

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Dingling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty

Dingling, the tomb of Zhu Yijun and two empresses of Ming Tombs, is the first imperial tomb to be excavated in China according to plan

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The general layout of Dingling's ground buildings is round in front and back, which contains the symbolic meaning of ancient Chinese philosophy of "round sky and round place". Dingling is one of the three largest Mausoleums in the Ming Tombs. It has a total floor area of 180000 square meters, with three broad courtyards in the front and a gaodabaocheng in the back. In front of the main gate of the mausoleum is the white jade stone bridge of Han Dynasty. Over the bridge is a tall Pavilion. Around the pavilion, there are more than 300 buildings, such as ancestral hall, sacrifice Pavilion and Dingling prison. Then there is the outer wall of the cemetery wailuo city (the wall outside the wall)

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Ming Zhaoling

Located at the eastern foot of Dayu, the Ming Zhaoling Mausoleum is the joint burial Mausoleum of the twelfth emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zaiyang, and his three queens.

The Zhaoling Mausoleum is a fully restored mausoleum according to the former site of the Ming Dynasty

. The mausoleum system of Zhaoling is of medium scale in the Ming Tombs. The setting of Shinto is from Changling Shinto qikong bridge to the north

Chinese PinYin : Ming Shi San Ling Bo Wu Guan