Zhongshan cemetery scenic spot

Zhongshan Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. The main buildings of Zhongshan Mausoleum are arranged on a central axis, and the cemetery is in the shape of "alarm bell", which is known as "the first mausoleum in the history of modern Chinese architecture".

In front of the half moon square is the arc of the bell top, and the dome of the tomb chamber on the top of the tomb is like the pendulum of a clock. Taking the shape of a bell, the sacrificial hall is a palace like building with three arches, and the lintel is engraved with the banner of "nation, civil rights and people's livelihood". There is a marble statue of Dr. Sun Yat Sen sitting in the memorial hall, and the wall is engraved with the full text of the outline of the founding of the people's Republic written by Dr. Sun Yat Sen.

The architectural style of Zhongshan Mausoleum is a combination of Chinese and Western styles. The magnificent situation of Zhongshan, together with the stele houses, gates, stele pavilions, memorial halls and tomb chambers, forms a big whole through a large area of green space and broad steps to the sky.

Zhongshan cemetery scenic spot

Zhongshan Mausoleum scenic spot became one of the first batch of national 5A scenic spots in 2007. Zhongshan Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Sun Yat Sen, the father of the Republic of China and the pioneer of China's democratic revolution. In 1961, Zhongshan Mausoleum became one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Facing the vast plain in front of the mausoleum, it is surrounded by majestic green peaks. It has magnificent weather. The music stage, Guanghua Pavilion, Liuhui Pavilion, Yangzhi Pavilion, sutra collection building, Xingjian Pavilion, Yongfeng society, Zhongshan academy and other memorial buildings surround the mausoleum Wai, the main landscape of Zhongshan Mausoleum scenic area, is the masterpiece of famous architects, which has high artistic value. All the buildings have achieved excellent results in shape combination, color application, material performance and detail treatment. The harmony and unity of colors enhance the solemn atmosphere. It has both profound meaning and magnificent momentum, and is known as "the first mausoleum in the history of modern Chinese architecture".

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Zhongshan Mausoleum, located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is the mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the great revolutionary forerunner. The coffin was placed here on June 1, 1929. Zhongshan Mausoleum faces south, covering an area of more than 80000 square meters. The main buildings of Zhongshan Mausoleum are: archway, tomb passage, tomb gate, stone steps, stele Pavilion, memorial hall and tomb chamber, which are arranged on a central axis, reflecting the style of traditional Chinese architecture. The overall situation of the cemetery is in the shape of "alarm bell". Among them, the memorial hall is a palace like building with three arches, and the lintel is engraved with the banner of "nation, civil rights and people's livelihood". There is a marble statue of Dr. Sun Yat Sen sitting in the memorial hall, and the wall is engraved with the full text of the outline of the founding of the people's Republic written by Mr. Sun Yat Sen.

A brief introduction to Zhongshan cemetery

Zhongshan Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Sun Yat Sen, a great statesman and pioneer of democratic revolution in modern China, and its affiliated memorial buildings. Zhongshan Mausoleum covers an area of more than 80000 square meters. Its main buildings include memorial archways, tomb passages, tomb gates, stone steps, stele pavilions, memorial halls and tomb chambers, which are arranged on a central axis, reflecting the style of traditional Chinese architecture.

Zhongshan scenic spot in Nanjing, known as Jinling mountain in ancient times, has three peaks juxtaposed from east to west, standing in the eastern suburb of the city, and is the main peak of the middle branch of Ningzhen mountain range. It is 7 kilometers long from east to west, 4 kilometers wide from north to south, and more than 10 kilometers around. Towering Zhongshan, green pines and cypresses merge into a vast forest, in which there are more than 200 places of interest.

The construction of Zhongshan Mausoleum started in the spring of 1926 and was completed in the summer of 1929. It covers an area of more than 80000 square meters. The main buildings are: archway, tomb path, tomb gate, stele Pavilion, memorial hall and tomb chamber. Looking down from the sky, Zhongshan Mausoleum looks like a "freedom bell" lying on the green velvet carpet. The bronze statue of Dr. Sun Yat Sen at the foot of the mountain is the spire of the bell, the half moon shaped square is the arc of the bell, and the dome of the tomb at the top of the mausoleum is like a smooth pendulum.

At that time, Dr. Sun Yat Sen's funeral preparation office extensively solicited mausoleum design plans. As a result, the "free bell" pattern designed by architect LV Yanzhi won the first prize. LV Yanzhi was also employed as the chief architect of the mausoleum.

There is a large granite archway at the entrance of the mausoleum with two gold characters of "fraternity" written by Dr. Sun Yat Sen. From the memorial archway to the memorial hall, there are 392 stone steps, representing 392 million compatriots in China at that time; eight platforms symbolize the three principles of the people and five rights constitution. The steps are made of Suzhou granite.

The sacrificial hall is the main building of Zhongshan Mausoleum, which integrates Chinese and Western architectural styles. It is 29 meters high, 30 meters long and 25 meters wide. The three arches in the south of the sacrificial hall are carved with red copper double leaves, and the forehead is engraved with: nationality, civil rights and people's livelihood. Sun Yat Sen's handwriting "heaven and earth healthy qi" is embedded on the middle door. The statue of Dr. Sun Yat Sen sitting in the center of the memorial hall was created by the French sculptor Paul rantesky. Six relief carvings are engraved on the base, which is a reflection of Dr. Sun Yat Sen's revolutionary activities.

The marble on the East and west walls of the memorial hall is engraved with Dr. Sun Yat Sen's handwritten "outline of the founding of the national government". The two front doors are made of copper and the door frame is made of black marble. There is a banner written by Dr. Sun Yat sen in his hand. On the top is a white marble statue of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, and on the bottom is the body of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. The tomb is 5 meters deep and sealed with reinforced concrete.

Zhongshan Mausoleum in front of the vast plain, after the towering bizhang, magnificent weather. Music platform, Guanghua Pavilion, Liuhui Pavilion, Yangzhi Pavilion, sutra collection building, Xingjian Pavilion, Yongfeng society, Zhongshan academy and other memorial buildings are surrounded around the mausoleum like stars, which constitute the main landscape of Zhongshan Mausoleum scenic area. They not only express the high respect and memory of Dr. Sun Yat Sen from donors at home and abroad, but also are masterpieces of famous architects, with high artistic value.

On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat Sen passed away in Peiping. There is a will: "after my death, I can be buried at the foot of Zijin Mountain. Because Nanjing is the seat of the provisional government, I will not forget the revolution of 1911." (according to Hu Hanmin, Sun Yat Sen once said, "when I die one day, I'm willing to beg for soil from the people here to settle my body." In accordance with Mr. Sun's last wish, Lingshu was temporarily housed in Biyun temple in Xiangshan, Beiping, and a mausoleum was built in Zhongshan, Nanjing. There is a famous sentence in Chen Yunhe's poem Zhongshan Mausoleum: "life is a standing Zhongshan Mausoleum. I have the honor to reach the end of your life.".

Zhongshan Mausoleum was designed and constructed by LV Yanzhi, a famous architect and winner of mausoleum sample. Construction started in January 1926 and the main works were completed in the spring of 1929. After completion, LV Yanzhi died.

Basic overview

Zhongshan Mausoleum is located in Zhongshan Scenic Area in the eastern suburb of Nanjing, at the south foot of Maoshan mountain, the East peak of Zijin Mountain. It is adjacent to Linggu Temple in the East and Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty in the West. Zhongshan was called Jinling mountain in ancient times, Zhongshan Mountain in Han Dynasty and Zijin Mountain in Eastern Jin Dynasty. There are three peaks in Zijin Mountain. The main peak is the north peak, and the rest are Tianbao mountain in the West and Maoshan mountain in the East, where Zhongshan Mausoleum is located. It is adjacent to the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum in the West and Linggu Temple in the East. It is built near the mountain. The whole building complex is built according to the mountain situation and gradually rises along the central axis from south to north. It is one of the first 5A scenic spots in China.

After Sun Yat Sen died, in accordance with his will to be buried in Zhongshan, the Nanjing Government of the Republic of China selected the site for the construction of Zhongshan Mausoleum in Zijin Mountain. Dr. Sun Yat Sen's funeral office extensively solicited mausoleum design plans. As a result, architect Lu Yanzhi's "Liberty Bell" (also known as "alarm bell") pattern won the first prize. The "bell" contains the meaning of warning, symbolizing Dr. Sun Yat Sen's contribution to the revolution. Lv Yanzhi's plan combines the essence of China's ancient and Western architecture, and is simple and simple, not innovative. Ling Hongxun, President of Nanyang University, praised LV Yanzhi's design in the evaluation report as "simple and thick, which is most suitable for the nature and terrain of the mausoleum, and all the planes are bell shaped, especially for the idea of Mu duo warning the world". LV Yanzhi was also employed as the chief architect of the mausoleum. On March 18, 1929, before the completion of the Zhongshan Mausoleum project, LV Yanzhi died of liver cancer at the age of 36. In recognition of his outstanding contribution to the construction of Zhongshan Mausoleum, the premier's Mausoleum management committee later built a monument for LV Yanzhi in the foundation room at the southwest corner of the memorial hall of Zhongshan Mausoleum. The upper part of the monument is a bust of LV Yanzhi, and the lower part is engraved on the inscription written by you Ren: "the architect of the premier's mausoleum, LV Yanzhi, supervised the work of the mausoleum workers and died of illness. The premier's Mausoleum Management Committee decided on May 28, 19 to erect the monument.".

Main buildings

Zhongshan Mausoleum Memorial Hall

Sacrificial Hall: the sacrificial hall is usually called Lingtang. It is a palace style building integrating Chinese and Western architectural styles. It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meters high. The outer wall is made of Hong Kong granite. The top of the hall is a traditional Chinese double eaves Xieshan style, covered with blue glazed tiles. In the middle of the memorial hall is a marble statue of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. In the center of the tomb is a round marble Kuang. In the center of the Kuang is a lying statue of Dr. Sun Yat Sen carved with white marble. Sun Yat Sen's body is placed in the round stone Kuang and sealed with reinforced concrete.

Stele Pavilion of Zhongshan Mausoleum

Stele Pavilion: the plane of the stele Pavilion is approximately square, about 12 meters wide and 17 meters high. It is a 9-meter high monument inscribed with the inscription "Mr. Sun, the Chinese Kuomintang prime minister, was buried here on June 1, the 18th of the Republic of China", written by Tan Yanchen. In 1928, the preparatory office decided not to use inscriptions because he thought that his thoughts and achievements could not be summarized by words.

Sun Yat Sen Memorial

Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hall: Sun Yat Sen Memorial Hall, formerly known as the Sutra collection building, is located in the dense forest between Zhongshan Mausoleum and Linggu Temple. It is a classical building imitating the Lama Temple of Qing Dynasty. The main building is 20.8 meters high, with green glazed tiles on the top and yellow glazed tiles on the ridge. The central part of the main ridge is decorated with red copper huilunhua roof, and the beams, columns and beams are decorated with colored paintings. Dr. Sun Yat Sen's classic works are collected in the building

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