Hongya historic site

Hongya historic site (also known as Hongya stele, Hongya Tianshu) is located on the shaijia mountain of Huangguoshu, 50km west of Anshun. It is historically known as "the first miracle of nanzhong" and is one of the eight mysterious characters in China. Hongya Tianshu is a mysterious landscape deep in the hinterland of Guizhou Province. For hundreds of years, through the tireless exploration of scholars and sages, those strange symbols on the rocks, which seem to be words, contain infinite strangeness. The extraordinary significance of crossing time and space has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign historians.

The mysterious red symbols on the red cliff are carved, chiseled and etched. After hundreds of years of wind and rain erosion, they can still be the same, and the color seems new. This kind of mystery, which is not difficult to detect at present, can stimulate human beings to explore the complicated connotation of Hongya Tianshu.

Hongya historic site

Hongya historic site, formerly known as hongyanbei, is located on shaijia mountain in Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County of Guizhou Province, about 7 kilometers away from Huangguoshu waterfall. "Red Cliff" and "waterfall" complement each other, and human landscape and natural landscape complement each other. Hongya historic site, known as "the first miracle in Central Guizhou", is a treasure of Central Guizhou. It is a mysterious book from heaven, which appears on the red ochre cliff. It is a mystery for thousands of years. Since the Qing Dynasty, scholars at home and abroad have studied it and set off a wave of interpretation for many times, which has become a famous "Red Cliff culture" phenomenon at home and abroad.

brief introduction

According to Qing Daoguang's Yongning annals, "shaijia mountain is a mountain behind Hongyan, and Cui Wei is a hundred Zhang. It is said that Marquis Wu went to the south to sun his armor here. " Also known as "Red Rock Mountain". It faces guansuoling and is close to Yunnan Guizhou highway. It's about half a kilometer from the highway to Hongyan. Red cliff to the west, such as the wall like screen, more than 50 meters long, more than 20 meters high, light red. At the North level, the iron red mysterious symbols are written on the light red rock surface, such as ancient characters, non engraving, non Yang and non Yin. The characters are not in line, arranged irregularly, scattered and of different sizes, with a total of 19 characters. The bigger one is one meter square, and the smaller one is more than ten centimeters. If Zhuan, if Li, simple and honest. Although it has been eroded by wind and rain, its color lasts for a long time.

According to the annals of Anshun Prefecture, "the stone carvings of Yin Gaozong were in Hongyan mountain, 55 kilometers east of Yongning prefecture (according to the then state rule, Yongning Town, today's Guanling Autonomous County);

The Zhuge stele is "on the hanging rock of shaijia mountain in Hongyan". About 20 words. The big is like fighting, the small is like rising. Not Zhuan, not Li, not recognizable. If the characters are painted in Zhu, they are not engraved. "

Historical records

In 1901, Yongning Prefecture official wanted to get the rubbings. Because the characters were not engraved, he sent craftsmen to set up scaffolds and use tung oil lime to paste around the calligraphy and painting to form his Yin text. Later, it was known by local people and denounced by a group of people. The official of the state ordered the tung oil lime to be leveled off, causing the rock surface to be stripped off a layer, and the shape of the rock also changed. The existing fonts are different from the original ones, such as Anshun Prefecture annals, Yongning Prefecture annals and Yongning Prefecture continuation annals. There are three kinds of fonts in Guizhou Tongzhi of the Republic of China, one of which is the last one.

Shao Yuanshan's Hongyan poem in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty (1522-1566) is the earliest record of Hongyan stele.

Pan Zuyin initiated the study of Hongya stele in Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty (1821-1850). During the reign of Daoguang and Xianfeng, the research on Hongyan stele flourished.

During the reign of Emperor Guangxu (1875-1908), Japanese scholar Takuma zuozu and French scholars leiberu and funanhai all came to study, but they did not get any results. "This monument contains absolute mystery, and no one can see through the mystery," Lei said

Over the past hundred years, the research on Hongya stele has been uninterrupted, and there are many versions: one is Jihuo "Jigong stele" carved by Yin Gaozong's cutting Guifang Jigong stone; one is the remains of Dayu's flood control; one is the atlas of Zhuge Liang's southern expedition; the other is Jihuo "Jigong stele" written in ancient Cuan documents when Jihuo, the leader of Cuan clan, assisted Zhuge Liang's southern expedition in Shu Han Dynasty. Some modern historians think it is related to Yelang Culture. Recently, it was thought that it was the natural pattern of rock weathering. After the scientific identification of the rock and handwriting by the relevant departments, it was believed that it was man-made, not stone flowers.

Although the mystery of Hongya stele has not yet been revealed, it has a long history and is undoubtedly a cultural relic. Considering that it is neither a monument nor a trace of chiseling, it is renamed Hongya historic site.

Discovery and textual research

The discoverer of Hongya Tianshu is a poet. Shao Yuanshan, a Guizhou native in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, wrote a poem "Hongya poem" after touring mountains and rivers. Thus, the mysterious Tianshu of the ages stands out from the plain and light, while the historical researchers push Hongya Tianshu to the society from the historical precipitation.

"Red Cliff poem" says: Red Cliff cut up a thousand feet, depicting circling is not a shape. When it is uneven, it will be shaped like a bell and tripod, and it will be tossed or become a flying elephant. Zhuge had been stationed for this purpose, and the bronze drum had a sound. That is to say, there are many strange things on the wall, and the atlas of Hunling is still allied. This Hongya poem, written in 1546 A.D., is the earliest written record of the discovery of Hongya Tianshu. The poet vividly describes the general situation and shape of Hongya Tianshu, and based on Huayang Guozhi, uses the poet's rich imagination to connect Tianshu with Zhuge's southern expedition of Shu Han and the map of teaching foreigners, and thinks that the content of Tianshu is just like this. From then on, from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, it was believed that Hongya Tianshu was Zhuge Gong's stele.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Tian Wen's Qianshu stele said that there was Zhuge Gong stele in qianyongning. This kind of preconception lasted until the reign of Daoguang and Weifeng in Qing Dynasty. At that time, the literati seemed to have great respect for the "initial right" of historic site discovery and did not dare to easily violate the "instructions of ancestors". During the reign of Daoguang, Yang maocai, a Jinshi in Guanling, still loved the saying that Hongya was "ZHUGE Gong stele". He wrote the poem "ZHUGE stele poem on Hongya": "the sun shines on the stone wall, the clouds shine on the stone wall, there are fengluan wandering traces on it, and the Zhou Chen is dripping with blood. Ladder cloud plough wipe heavy rub, frighten suspect Zhuan Li Jing pole tadpole, wind and rain does not decline spirit ah

It has been more than 300 years since Shao Yuanshan's Hongya poem to Hongya Zhuge stele. The book of heaven is still incomplete, and "the wind and rain never fade", which adds to the inherent mystery of the book of heaven. Later, Huang Peijie, a poet, wrote a poem of the same name: "the east mountain of Baliqiao is on the verge, crossing the mountain of moxiao in the Han Dynasty. There is a stele of Zhuge on the red cliff, just like the sky of Chicheng. " This is a poem about Hongya Tianshu from afar, which describes the magnificent scenery of Hongya where Tianshu is located.

Zheng xuanhui denied it when he said that Tianshu was Zhuge stele. He wrote in Hongya stele: "who can write the true form by YanPan, and the seal script will become the Ding Ming of Le.". It is doubted that the secret book of marquis Wu Xuan should be taught to the dull and proud Han This kind of negation is inevitable in the development of academic research. The only basis for the saying "ZHUGE Gong stele" is only based on the historical framework of the southern expedition of the Shu Han Dynasty, which is hard to convince people.

In the Qing Dynasty, scholars had to bury their heads in the old paper, and textual research has been fully developed. The textual research of historical relics has developed from simple documentary evidence to archaeological objects, ushering in a climax of Chinese textual research. Zou Hanxun, a scholar from Hunan Province, thinks that the content of Hongya Tianshu "should be the stone for the Emperor Gaozong of Yin to kill ghosts and return to his place for meritorious service. Scholars call it" ZHUGE stele "because it is beside Zhuge camp At the same time, Mr. Zou interpreted the text of the book of heaven as twenty-five words, and deciphered its meaning: "Emperor Gaozong of Yin conquered the ghost side, eliminated the tyrant and pacified the good, and returned to the East through the brine, so all the sheriffs here were obedient. Yin Gaozong sent troops to Yibo in the East and freedom in the south. Moreover, from the perspective of epigraphy, it points out that Hongya Tianshu is not a world of advocating quality, and it can not be regarded as "ancient and luxuriant structure and elegant and profound meaning" "Looking at its majestic atmosphere, it has been on Yu's stele and on Qin's stone." This theory won the praise of Pan Zuyin and Qi Junzao.

In spite of this, the poet Zheng xuanhui did not agree: "is hongyaguo a tablet of Yin Dynasty? There is no way to answer this question. The spirit trace is in the wind and rain, and the southern barren rubble is called strange. " From the perspective of textual research, the poet also thinks that there is no doubt about the factual evidence, which is hard to be determined, and it needs to be further examined. Mo Longzhi thinks that Hongya Tianshu is a historical relic left by Dayu who led Heishui into the three perils and returned to the South China Sea.

At the end of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, Japanese scholars temaru zuozu and Niao Julong brought back copies of Hongya Tianshu to China and hid them in Imperial universities and ancient temples.

Historical episode

The 27th year of Guangxu

Tubuqu, the Zhizhou of Yongning, took the order of Shangfeng and took the inscription from Hongya. From Yongning Prefecture Yamen to Hongya mountain, Tu Zhizhou assigned the task of acquiring inscriptions to tuanlian Luo GUANGTANG. Luo GUANGTANG led the people up the mountain to complete the appointment of zhengtuo inscription. However, when we arrived in front of Tianshu cliff, we knew that the mission was extraordinary. why? Although the book of heaven is called a stele, it's a pity that it's not carved or engraved, and there's no trace of carving. How can we spread it? Luo immediately issued the order of tung oil lime plastic method. Using fresh tung oil lime with strong plasticity to outline the characters of Tianshu. After the lime solidifies, its hardness is not inferior to that of hard stone. Then the normal hammering process is carried out, and the task of peak climbing is completed quickly. Although this is good, it's a pity that it's killing the chicken to get the egg. It soon aroused the indignation of Xiang Shen, who threatened to report Luo's crime of destroying historic sites. As a magistrate, Tu Buqu knew well the seriousness of the crime of destroying historic sites. On the one hand, he suppressed public opinion, on the other hand, he made people chop tung oil and lime on the book of heaven and wash it with boiling water. As a result, the face of the book of heaven was not the same. The cliff was peeling off and the handwriting was indistinguishable. Until 60 years later, the lime slurry layer could be peeled off on the rock wall of the book of heaven.

Governor of Guizhou in the late Qing Dynasty

Chinese PinYin : Hong Ya Gu Ji