West Fort
West Fort
The Western Fort, formerly known as Yingkou fort, was originally named mogouying fort. It is located on the left bank of Liaohe estuary and north of the west end of Bohai street in Yingkou City. Because of its geographical location in the western suburb of Yingkou City, Yingkou people call it the Western Fort. Xipaotai is one of the first provincial cultural relics protection units announced by Liaoning Provincial People's Government in 1963. Since 1991, the Western artillery station has been restored several times, including the restoration of three barracks gates, three barracks buildings, the reproduction of 17 iron cannons, the restoration of large and small artillery stations and walls. In 2005, Yingkou municipal Party committee and government listed the infrastructure construction of xipaotai as one of the 15 practical things of Yingkou City in 2005, and invested more than 10 million yuan to carry out a large-scale restoration and environmental renovation of xipaotai site.
Documentation
According to the book Shen Gu written by Yang Tongzhu of the Qing Dynasty, "in the eighth year of Guangxu period, the fort was built to open the entrance of the sea ships on the East Bank of the Liaohe River. The wall of the fort is more than 260 feet. The front of the fort is fan-shaped with the Liaohe river bend, and one big fort is built in the middle, and two flat forts are built on both sides. Under the wall of the big fort, there are eight concealed gun holes for the purpose of flat attack. The armory is under the stage. In the back, there is one camp gate in the middle, two camps on both sides and two water holes. Two hundred military houses and two reservoirs were built inside. There is a long trench in front of the stage, and walls are built on both sides of the wall for more than ten li, covering the left and right sides.
According to the records of Yingkou county annals, "in the eighth year of Guangxu, the Minister of Beiyang, together with the general of Shengjing, ordered Xuchang of Yingkou Customs Road, selected the terrain of the fortress, built a fort on the east coast of Liaohe estuary, and built 200 barracks. The Minister of Beiyang sent two officers and 100 soldiers to the camp to supervise the repair. Xuanjia sent two battalions of Yijun, two battalions of Fengjun and one battalion of daobiao. "In the autumn of the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the former battalion of Fengjun was transferred to take charge of Qiao Ganchen's battalion and take over the old army. In the summer of the ninth year, the number of soldiers was not enough for the distribution, and it doubled. The scores were middle, front, left, right, rear, vice front, vice rear, close soldiers, and missing cavalry. Each sentry was stationed at the "fort" and also built the fort. In the summer of 1884, Zuo GuiGui came to the camp to organize coastal defense and supervise the repair of the fort.
Historical legend
According to legend, the wall on the fort is made of cooked yellow rice (with strong stickiness) mixed with sand, lime and loess. Therefore, the remnant wall is still very strong. In 1937, the book "historical relics of Manchuria" introduced the fort.
Fort design
The whole building of the Western Fort is composed of a platform, a trench, a wall, a fort 3, a gate 3, a shadow wall 3, a water tunnel 2, a reservoir 2, a suspension bridge, a barracks, an armory, a powder magazine, a wire magazine, a guard tower, a damp proof dam, etc. The overall shape is like a goose flying eastward, the main body is convex, covering an area of about 60000 square meters. The main buildings are big and small battery, fence and moat. The big fort is in the middle, opposite to the main gate in the East. It is 8 meters high and divided into two layers: the lower layer is 52 meters long, 54 meters wide and 2 meters high; the upper layer is 44 meters long, 43 meters wide and 4 meters high. There are low walls around the top of the platform, which are 2 meters high and more than 1 meter wide. Eight holes were set up around the wall. There is a ramp 62 meters long and 9-12 meters wide in the east of the fort, which leads to the platform. Outside the top wall, there is a horse road more than one meter wide, which can be used as the work of huibing. There is a small fort on the left and right of the big fort, which is identical in shape. The platform is 16 meters long, 14 meters wide and 4.7 meters high. The perimeter of the wall is about 800 meters, the width of the wall is 2-3oy, the height is 3-4 meters, the outside is steep, and the inside has a flat raceway, which is more than 1 meter lower than the outside wall. One reservoir is located in the south of Taiyuan and the other in the north of Taiyuan, covering an area of more than 1200 square meters. It was the source of drinking water for the garrison in those years. The three gates are to the east of the fort. The lower gate is opened in the middle of the east wall, the largest of which is located at the convex part of the wall. One side gate is opened on each side of the wall, which has collapsed. The three screen walls, all 30 meters outside the gate, have collapsed. The screen wall opposite the main entrance is the largest, 4 meters high and 25 meters long. There are more than 200 barracks in the enclosure, and the canteen is on the East Bank of the North reservoir. The armory is under the ramp from the main fort to the main entrance. There is sentry tower one on the north wall and sentry tower two on the south wall. There are also sentry towers on the fort. The earth wall covering more than 5 kilometers on both sides has a base width of 10 meters, a top width of 5 meters and a height of 2 meters. This wall has two uses: one is to prevent the sea water from flooding, and the other is to increase troops for defense. At that time, there were two iron cannons with a diameter of 21 cm, four with a diameter of 15 cm, four with a diameter of 10 cm, six with Sanleng copper and 36 with western style cannons on the fort. After investigation, the 52 guns were all made in the eighth year of Guangxu reign of the General Administration of manufacturing in Jiangnan of China and in the German Arsenal. Equipped with these guns, they can not only shoot vertically at the lower reaches of the Liaohe River, but also shoot on land to the East, South and North.
Historical evolution
The Western Fort was built in 1882 and completed in 1888. It was an important coastal defense fortress built by the Qing government in the northeast coast. It is one of the most important coastal defense projects in Northeast China.
According to the historical records of Liaoning Province: "in 1894 (the 20th year of Guangxu of Qing Dynasty), the Qing army stopped the Japanese invaders here. At the end of the first month of this year, the Japanese army sank into Dashiqiao and Daping, and the Qing army surrendered to Tianzhuangtai to prevent the Japanese from invading the West. In February, Japanese wanted to enter Yingkou and seize our fort. In the coastal defense training camp, Qiao Ganchen led his soldiers to fire 500 guns, but the Japanese soldiers failed. More than 100 soldiers were sent to cross Liaohe River from Budong to sneak in. Ganchendu can't defend, and he will become a "retreat Tianzhuangtai". After the loss of Yingkou, the fort and houses were destroyed by the Japanese invaders, leaving only the base.
On August 12, 1900, after the Russian soldiers occupied Yingkou, they destroyed all the patrol ships that were added to the Western Fort after the Sino Japanese War of 1894, and lost all the ammunition and clothing in stock. On November 2, 1948, when the Chinese people's Liberation Army liberated Yingkou, after seizing the Western Fort, it quickly inserted into the coast, cut off the enemy's escape at sea, and completely annihilated the remaining enemy who fled to the beach.
In the early days of the liberation of Yingkou, when the Chinese people's Liberation Army was stationed at the fort, a watchtower was built in the middle of the main fort, and several iron forts were placed on the wall. In 1987, in order to restore the original appearance of Yingkou West Fort, the watchtower and tiebao were demolished with the approval of Liaoning cultural relics department.
In 1963, Yingkou West Fort site was listed as the first batch of cultural relics protection units in Liaoning Province.
In 1991, during the cleaning up of Yingkou fort, nearly 100 pieces of cultural relics including iron cannons, shells, foreign gun bullets, iron and stone wall rammers, green bricks, column bases, dripping water, tiles, porcelain pots, porcelain bowls, porcelain plates, porcelain spoons and luanling, and the remains of the original house site were found.
In May 2006, it was designated as the Sixth Batch of key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.
Fort landscape
Panoramic view of West Fort
The main entrance of the West Fort
The side gate of the West Fort
The side gate of the West Fort
Address: about 1km west of the North Fort of East Jiguanshan, Lushun, Dalian
Longitude: 121.268381
Latitude: 38.830442
Ticket information: market price: 20.0 yuan
Chinese PinYin : Xi Pao Tai
West Fort
