Qinling National Botanical Garden

Qinling National Botanical Garden

Qinling National Botanical Garden, located in Zhouzhi County, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, is a national super large comprehensive botanical garden jointly built by Shaanxi Provincial People's government, State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Xi'an Municipal People's government. It is 70 kilometers away from Xi'an, the ancient capital of the thirteen dynasties.

Qinling National Botanical Garden is 60 kilometers away from the city center, with a total area of 639 square kilometers. The geographical location is between 108 ° 13 ′ - 108 ° 29 ′ E and 33 ° 43 ′ - 34 ° 04 ′ n, which belongs to warm temperate continental mountain climate. The annual average precipitation is 800-900 mm and the annual average temperature is 8-10 ℃. It has four functions of species conservation, scientific research, public education and ecotourism.

Qinling National Botanical Garden, with a drop of more than 2000 meters, is the largest botanical garden in the world, with the clearest vegetation zoning and the most natural features. It is also the first national botanical garden in China.

On October 11, 2018, Qinling National Botanical Garden was selected into the list of "national primary and secondary school research and practice education bases".

geographical environment

Location context

Qinling National Botanical Garden is located in Zhouzhi County, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, at the northern foot of Qinling Mountains. It is located at the boundary between subtropical zone and warm temperate zone. It starts from provincial highway S107 in the north, Qinling ridge in the south, Heihe River in the west, Zhouzhi County and the boundary of Weiyi District in the East. It is 70km away from Xi'an, the ancient capital of the thirteen dynasties, between 108 ° 13 ′ - 108 ° 29 ′ E and 33 ° 43 ′ - 34 ° 04 ′ n, with a total planning area of 639 square kilometers. It is the largest botanical garden in the world.

topographic features

Qinling, together with the North American Rockies and the central European Alps, is known as the world's three famous mountains with biogeographical significance. It is one of the typical representative regions of biodiversity in the world, and it is also an important biological gene bank in China.

Qinling National Botanical Garden is the most abundant section of Qinling Mountains with an altitude span of 480 meters to 3000 meters. From north to south, there are five geomorphic units: plain, hill, low mountain, middle mountain and high mountain, forming a complete three-dimensional ecosystem. There are 13 rivers in the park.

Climatic characteristics

Qinling National Botanical Garden has a temperate monsoon climate. The annual average precipitation is 800-900 mm and the annual average temperature is 8-10 ℃.

Historical evolution

In June 1998, the construction of the botanical garden began. On the basis of the project of "comprehensive development, utilization and protection of superior biological resources in Qinling Bashan mountains" undertaken by researcher Shen maocai, vice president of Xi'an Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shaanxi governor's office meeting decided to build Qinling botanical garden in June 2000.

The total investment of Qinling National Botanical Garden is 1.55 billion yuan, which is raised by Shaanxi Provincial People's government, State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Xi'an Municipal People's Government in the ratio of 1:1:1:0.5, focusing on infrastructure construction, laying the foundation for the construction of Qinling National Botanical Garden. In order to make the capital flow as soon as possible, the preparatory group of the botanical garden project also applied for a loan of 35 million US dollars from the Asian Bank and a grant of 10 million US dollars from GEF. Finally, Qinling National Botanical Garden became the first biodiversity conservation project supported by the Asian Bank in China, with a loan of US $40 million and a grant of US $5 million from the global environment facility.

In February 2001, the people's Government of Shaanxi Province approved the construction of Qinling botanical garden, with a planning area of 458 square kilometers. It is the largest botanical garden in the world integrating biodiversity conservation, scientific research, popular science education and eco-tourism, with the construction of ex situ plant protection zone, ex situ animal protection Zone, in situ biodiversity protection zone and agricultural tourism and Ecological Resort.

In November 2001, the executive meeting of Shaanxi provincial government decided to establish Shaanxi Qinling botanical garden. In December of the same year, the editorial board of Shaanxi Province approved the establishment of Shaanxi Qinling botanical garden, with the brand of Shaanxi Qinling Botanical Research Institute, which is a department level institution directly under Shaanxi provincial government.

In August 2005, Qinling botanical garden was put under the management of Shaanxi Forestry Department.

On October 10, 2006, the first joint construction meeting of Shaanxi provincial government, State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Xi'an municipal government was held in Beijing, and the name of Qinling National Botanical Garden was officially determined.

On May 30, 2007, Shaanxi provincial government, State Forestry Administration, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Xi'an Municipal Government jointly held the foundation laying ceremony of Qinling National Botanical Garden in Jixian town of Zhouzhi County, which opened the curtain of the construction of Qinling National Botanical Garden.

In 2012, there were 10 key construction projects with a total investment of 1.35 billion yuan.

On the morning of October 21, 2014, Qinling National Botanical Garden and Bank of China Shaanxi branch held a signing ceremony of comprehensive business cooperation agreement in Xi'an. The Bank of China granted a billion yuan credit to Qinling National Botanical Garden for the construction of supporting facilities and the development of related industries.

By the beginning of 2017, Qinling National Botanical Garden had invested about 900 million yuan to build a smart botanical garden with the main contents of "wetland exotic grass, flower sea exotic trees, mountain canyon, small path homestay", and completed 8 specialized gardens such as Begonia Garden, Bambusa garden, rose garden and 18 projects such as HUAYUANGOU flower introduction area. 11 projects, including 3000 square meters specimen museum, 6000 square meters greenhouse Museum, 1400 square meters VR Intelligent Science Museum and Damen square, have started construction, and more than 10 home stay renovation design projects have been completed, as well as the construction planning of Jinniuping, Liziping, jiujinping and dianzhenxin street.

On April 13, 2018, the unveiling ceremony of the teaching practice base and popular science education base for young people jointly built by Shaanxi Normal University, Qinling National Botanical Garden and Shaanxi Federation of social sciences circles was held in Qinling National Botanical Garden.

On January 9, 2019, the horticultural center of Qinling National Botanical Garden held an opening ceremony in the office building of the horticultural center.

On March 9, 2019, the opening ceremony of Qinling National Botanical Garden and the second Qinling tree planting season, sponsored by Qinling National Botanical Garden and co sponsored by several units, was witnessed and participated by nearly 3000 tourists from all over the country.

Biological resources

Qinling is the dividing line between the South and the north of China, the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, the dividing line between the Palaearctic and Oriental fauna, and the transitional zone between the subtropical and warm temperate climate in China. It is one of the representative areas of biodiversity in the world. In terms of flora, Qinling Mountains is one of the intersection areas of China Japan forest flora and China Himalaya forest flora. The floristic elements are rich and colorful, both old and new, and a variety of elements are gathered, showing obvious characteristics of intersection and transition

. 3436 species of plants, 722 species of animals, 440 species of mosses and 425 species of lichens have been identified

. Among them, there are 30 families, 77 genera and 312 species of pteridophytes, accounting for 57.7%, 37.7% and 11.5% of the families, genera and species of Pteridophytes in China; there are 9 families, 21 genera and 44 species of gymnosperms, accounting for 90%, 61.8% and 22.8% of the families, genera and species of gymnosperms in China; there are 149 families, 971 genera and 3409 species of angiosperms, accounting for 51.2%, 33.0% and 14.0% of the families, genera and species of angiosperms in China

. Among them, there are 44 species of rare and endangered plants, such as monocotyledon, Taibai Redwood and so on.

Qinling National Botanical Garden is rich in biodiversity, with clear plant zoning. The low altitude is mixed fruit forest belt and broad-leaved forest belt, the altitude of 2000-2400m is coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest belt, the altitude of 2400-2600m is Betula platyphylla forest belt, the altitude of 2600-2800m is Abies fargesii forest belt, the altitude of 2900m is Taibai redwood forest belt, and the altitude of 2900m is meadow and shrub forest belt. They are mixed fruit forest and secondary shrub, Platycladus orientalis forest belt, Quercus acuteserrata forest belt, Betula platyphylla forest belt, Abies fargesii forest belt, Larix chinensis forest belt, shrub and meadow.

In addition to rich plant resources, there are more than 40 national rare protected animals in Qinling National Botanical Garden, such as panda, crested ibis, golden monkey, takin, etc.

Scenic venues

overview

Qinling National Botanical Garden is jointly built by the people's Government of Shaanxi Province, the State Forestry Administration, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the people's Government of Xi'an city. The planned investment is 1.55 billion yuan, and the total planning area is 458 square kilometers, which is four times larger than the largest botanical garden in Australia in the world. After completion, Qinling National Botanical Garden will become the largest and most complete botanical garden in the world. According to the plan, Qinling botanical garden will build four areas: ex situ plant protection area, ex situ animal protection area, in situ biodiversity protection area, and agricultural sightseeing and ecological vacation area. The planned area of ex situ plant protection area is 10 square kilometers, which will extensively collect plants from temperate zone and northern edge of subtropical zone.

The animal ex situ conservation area, with a planning area of 14 square kilometers, takes Louguantai's existing Daoguan, forest park and animal rescue center as the planning area. It is mainly used for giant panda breeding base, crested ibis breeding base, antelope hall, golden monkey hall and bird park

Chinese PinYin : Qin Ling Guo Jia Zhi Wu Yuan