Dazhai Village

Dazhai Village

Dazhai village is a small mountain village in Xiyang County, Shanxi Province. Dazhai is a poor mountain village with very poor natural conditions. After liberation, under the leadership of Chen Yonggui and Guo Fenglian, Dazhai people decided to organize and change the backward appearance of the village. Since 53, it has been ten years to build a sponge field with high and stable yield of 1000 Jin per mu. However, in 1963, Dazhai suffered a devastating flood disaster, such as mountain torrents, ground flushes, house collapses and kiln collapses. People's life was very difficult, and ten years of painstaking efforts were wasted. Under the leadership of Comrade Chen Yonggui, the upsurge of self-reliance, hard struggle and home reconstruction was launched.

In December 2016, Dazhai village was listed in the list of the fourth batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development and other departments.

In December 2017, it won the top 300 in the 2017 influential ranking of villages.

On July 28, 2019, it will be included in the list of the first batch of key Rural Tourism Villages in China.

On December 25, 2019, Dazhai village, Dazhai Town, was identified as a national forest village by the State Forestry and grassland administration.

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A brief introduction to the village

Dazhai village, the first village in China, is a small mountain village in Xiyang County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. Dazhai is located in the southeast of Xiyang County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. There are more than 220 families and 510 people in the village, with an altitude of 1162.6 meters and an area of 1.88 square kilometers. This area belongs to the earth rock mountainous area of Taihang Mountain. Due to the long-term wind erosion and water cutting, the area has formed the morphology of seven gullies, eight beams and one slope. The natural environment was very bad and the people's life was very hard. Later, the mountain and water control was carried out. Terraces were built on the slopes of the seven gullies and eight beams, and the situation of relying on nature for food was changed by water diversion. Therefore, it was affirmed and praised by Chairman Mao Zedong, and issued the call of "learning from Dazhai in agriculture" in 1964, thus becoming a banner of national agriculture.

Since "learning from Dazhai in agriculture", the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries Zhou Enlai, Li Xiannian, Ye Jianying, Deng Xiaoping and Chen Yi have successively inspected Dazhai. There are heads of state, political dignitaries and friendly celebrities abroad, and people from all walks of life in China. Tens of millions of people have come to visit Dazhai. There are more than 25000 people from 134 countries and regions overseas.

Since the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, Dazhai has become a beautiful park village. Layers of terraced fields, lush crops, beautiful ponds, lush man-made forests, orchards everywhere fruitful. Dazhai village has neat caves, clean streets and hospitable people. Dazhai is a mature agricultural tourism area with improved transportation, communication and other basic conditions. Dazhai continued to develop national unity forest, educated youth forest, military and civilian pool, Zhou Enlai rest hall, agriculture supporting pool, LianJian pool, Chen Yonggui cemetery, old hero cemetery, Guo Moruo's poem tablet, sun Qian memorial site, Dazhai exhibition hall, Chen Yonggui statue, Tuanjiegou aqueduct, Dazhai culture square, Dazhai culture exhibition hall, Dazhai terrace (langwozhang), Dazhai ecological park, and opened Chen Yonggui's former residence Tourist attractions such as Daliushu, train skin cave, Dazhai new residence and Zhou Enlai's address add a lot of color to Dazhai.

Historical legend

Dazhai is a small village deep in Taihang Mountain.

According to the Chinese classic Liezi, Taihang Mountain was originally in the south of Hebei Province, and there is a Wangwu mountain beside it. It is said that a long time ago, an old man named Yugong lived in Shanbei. Seeing that two mountains blocked his way out, he led his son and grandson to move the two mountains away. A man named Zhisou saw his behavior and felt incredible. He said to him: these two mountains are too big. How can you move them? Yugong replied: Why are you so confused! Don't you know that when I die, I will have my son, and when my son dies, I will have grandchildren. There is no end to the number of children and grandchildren, and the mountains will not grow any more. If I move a little, there will be less. Why can't I move away? As a result, Yu Gong's family dug mountains every day. Later, this event moved the "emperor of heaven", who sent two immortals to carry the two mountains away. Taihang Mountain was moved to the junction of Hebei and Shanxi provinces.

Many of the stories in Liezi are fables. Fables are mainly used to explain the truth, but the story itself can not be too serious.

Dazhai village is located in the depth of Taihang mountain where Yugong tried to move. What Dazhai people do is really similar to Yugong's moving mountains.

Dazhai is located at the foot of Hutou mountain, 5km southeast of Xiyang County, Shanxi Province. It is located in the hinterland of Taihang Mountain, with an average altitude of 1000m and a total area of 1.88km2. The village has about 220 households and more than 500 people.

Due to the lack of historical records, the formation of Dazhai village can only be inferred from legends. It is said that in the Northern Song Dynasty, in order to resist the Jin soldiers, the song army once sent troops to guard hongqiaoguan, about 5 kilometers northeast of Dazhai, which is a garrison of the song army. It is said that there were two barracks built by the garrison at that time. The big one was called Dazhai and the small one was called Xiaozhai. This is the origin of Dazhai village. According to the local people, Xiaozhai village existed until the 1960s, but there were few households, and then there were no more.

Shanxi has had many wars since ancient times, so there are many places called "Guan", "Bao" and "Zhai". In Shanxi Province, there are two famous Dazhai. In addition to Dazhai in Xiyang County, Yushe County also has a place called Dazhai, which was once more famous. Because there was also a famous agricultural labor model named Zhang Zhiquan. In 1950, Zhang Zhiquan became a national model worker, while Chen Yonggui was rarely known at that time.

development history

Dazhai village in Xiyang County is located on a slope of Hutou mountain. There is a ditch in the middle of the village. On the eve of the establishment of the people's political power, the village had about 800 mu of arable land, 64 families and more than 190 people. If the average share of these cultivated land is about 10 mu per household. But this is not the case. According to the figures provided by Dazhai exhibition hall, at that time, about 800 mu of land was occupied by one landlord and three rich peasants, 60% of which was occupied by one landlord and three rich peasants; another 22%, that is, more than 170 mu, was occupied by 12 middle peasants; while the rest 48 poor peasants and lower middle peasants only occupied less than 150 mu of cultivated land. The cultivated land in Taihang mountain area is very poor, the production conditions are very poor, and the grain yield is very low. It's not bad to harvest 70 kilograms of grain per mu of land a year. We can imagine the hardship of the peasants' life. Dazhai people say that they used to be three poor and more than five poor. The third poverty is: poor people, poor land, poor villages; the fifth poverty is: more long-term workers, more short-term workers, more debt, more begging for food, more selling children, more hanging for death. Later, Chen Yonggui, who made Dazhai famous all over the world, sold his mother and sister, and his father hanged himself to death in all kinds of helpless circumstances. Due to the poor people, the houses in Dazhai village are also very simple. People often dig earth kilns on the slopes on both sides of the gully to live. Only a few rich people can afford brick houses or stone caves.

Dazhai is not famous for being poor, because the villages deep in Taihang Mountain are generally poor, Dazhai is not special.

Dazhai village is famous all over the world because after the founding of new China, Chen Yonggui was born in the village. Under his leadership, the villagers of Dazhai were self reliant, fighting heaven and earth, working hard, and rearranged the landscape of their hometown, which aroused the admiration of the world. Before Chen Yonggui, Dazhai had hardly left any mark in history. Xiyang County annals was compiled during the Republic of China. Although Dazhai is only 5 kilometers away from the county, because there is no way, the county annals do not even record the name of Dazhai village.

Xiyang was occupied by the Japanese in 1940 and became a occupied area. However, at that time, wherever there were Japanese troops, there were anti Japanese forces under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. Taihang mountain area is the key area of the Anti Japanese armed struggle of the Communist Party of China. In addition to the regular army, there are many anti Japanese guerrillas. At that time, there was an independent camp led by the Communist Party in Xiyang. During the Anti Japanese War, the Communist Party's army developed and strengthened, and also educated the people living in Taihang mountain area.

In August 1945, the Japanese army surrendered unconditionally, and the people's political power led by the Communist Party was established in Xiyang County. The poor peasants in Dazhai were looking forward to the day of liberation. In the ensuing land reform, 35 poor peasants and lower middle peasants in Dazhai got more than 400 mu of land, 41 houses, 32 caves, and some livestock and production tools. The next year, poor peasants Jia Chengfu, Jia Chengcai and Jia Jincai joined the Communist Party of China and became the first group of CPC members in Dazhai village. At first, they were incorporated into the Party branch of Wujiaping, a neighboring village. In 1947, the Party branch was formally established in Dazhai, and Jia Jincai was the first Secretary of the Party branch.

The village is located at the foot of Hutou mountain, with layers of land hanging on the hillside. In the old society, people often described it as high mountains and lots of stones. When they went out, they would climb the hillside. The land was no more than three mu, and there were many disasters every year. After three days of no rain, the seedlings turned yellow, and the ground was washed away by the torrential rain. The soil in the field flowed along, and the stones were washed away. The peasants worked hard for a year, and finally got hungry. So there were more than four people in Dazhai at that time: begging for food, selling children, carrying long-term and short-term workers, and escaping from famine. Where is Dazhai

Chinese PinYin : Da Zhai Cun