Huangpu Park

Huangpu Park

Huangpu Park, located at No.28, Zhongshan East 1st Road, Shanghai, covers an area of 31 Mu and a green area of 10.92 mu. It is adjacent to Huangpu River in the East, Bund green belt in the south, zhongshangdong road in the West and Wusong River (Suzhou River) in the north. It was built in August 1868. After many times of reconstruction, it has used many names: public garden, foreign garden, public garden, Daqiao Park, outer ferry Park, huangputan Park, etc. The park integrates the Shanghai People's hero memorial tower, Bund historical memorial hall, large relief and memorial tower square with the park landscape. It integrates the functions of sightseeing, leisure and education. It is one of the important Bund landscapes. Huangpu Park Square is the best place to enjoy the scenery on both sides of the Pujiang River recommended by the Bund reconstruction headquarters.

Huangpu Park is the first public garden in Shanghai and China.

Huangpu Park is one of the important bases for revolutionary traditional education, which has condensed the history of Shanghai since its opening. In 1996, it was named "youth patriotism education base" by Shanghai Municipal People's government.

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Historical evolution

The site of the garden used to be a shoal at the mouth of Suzhou River.

On August 18, 1863 (September 30, 1863), the Ministry of industry of the British and American concession (renamed the public concession in 1899) planned to reconstruct the roads and shoreline of the Bund (from the Suzhou estuary to the East intersection of Yan'an). The project included filling to widen the Bund, arranging the shoreline, building a 30 foot (9.14 meter) sidewalk and planting street trees on the riverside. For this reason, J. Clark, engineer of the Ministry of industry, submitted two reports on the regulation of the Bund and the shoreline of Suzhou estuary on August 30 and December 19, 2003. Clark believes that due to the special topography of Suzhou estuary, when the tide is low, Suzhou River and Huangpu River collide and form vortices outside the estuary, but the flow on the south side of the estuary is relatively static, and the sediment continuously settles into beaches, which is not conducive to safe navigation and stable shoreline. In order to improve this situation, Clark proposed to build a permanent Bund and fill the shoal in the south of the Suzhou estuary, changing the trumpet shape of the Suzhou estuary into a straight tube shape, forcing the flow direction of the Suzhou River to be consistent with that of the Huangpu River, so that there will be no vortex and new shoals in the estuary. The board of directors agreed with Clark's report and planned to build a public garden (Park) on the beach at the southern end of the estuary. The plan was approved at the annual meeting of tax payers (foreigners) in the concession held on April 1, 1865 (April 28, 1865). The Ministry of industry immediately instructed the engineers to proceed with the planning and design. The investment for the construction of the park came from the public entertainment center (commonly known as the happy horse Hall) foundation. In the first year of Tongzhi, the foundation sold the second Racecourse with an area of 190 mu (126700 square meters) at a high price, and bought the third Racecourse with an area of more than 500 mu (333300 square meters) at a low price. It made huge profits, so it agreed to allocate 10000 taels of silver for the construction of public gardens.

On June 13, 2004, the Ministry of industry announced that Shanghai Daotai had orally agreed to fill the beach. In the winter of that year, the construction of the park to fill the beach, the reconstruction of the Bund and the dredging of the Yangjingbang (now Yan'an East Road) were started at the same time, and the river mud excavated from the Yangjingbang was used to fill the beach. On April 29, the seventh year of Tongzhi, Shanghai Daotai wrote a letter to C.A. Winchester, British Consul in Shanghai, in which he pointed out that the beach was the public land of the Chinese government. As the public garden is a non-profit public recreation place, the lease is granted and the mortgage (one-time price of land property right) is exempted, but the land tax is still payable every year. In the future, if it is found that a profit-making building is built on this land or the land is leased to private owners, the Chinese government will take back the land. On June 20 of the same year (August 8, 1868), the park was officially opened to foreigners. By the end of this year, the park construction investment was 10223.59 Liang.

The English name of the park is public park, and its Chinese translation is public garden, public garden or public garden. Chinese people often call it foreign garden or ferry Park, Bridge Park and Bund park. The concession authority changed the name of the park to Bund Park in September 1936, Chunshen park on December 21, 1934, and Huangpu Park on January 20, 1935.

The park was 30.48 mu (20300 square meters) when the land lease was obtained in the seventh year of Tongzhi. Since then, in 1883, Guangxu 30, and the Republic of China 10 years three times in Suzhou River and Huangpu river fill, increase the land area of about 10 mu (6667 square meters). However, in order to improve the traffic on the Bund, part of the land has been set aside for road widening for many times. Therefore, the total area of the park has not increased but also decreased slightly compared with that at the beginning of the construction. The total area of the park was 27.98 mu (18700 square meters) in the 11th year of the Republic of China and 29.4 mu (19600 square meters) in 1949. The total area of the park after reconstruction in 1993 was 20800 square meters.

The gate of the park begins at the northwest corner of the park near the bridge of Welles (the wooden bridge on the Suzhou River on the west of Baidu bridge). After Tongzhi twelve years, the bridge was demolished after its outer white bridge was built in the East. In the 31th year of Guangxu reign, the gate was moved to the southwest of the garden, where it is now located. A small gate was left as a passage in the former northwest corner of the garden gate. In the 18th year of the Republic of China, a garden gate was opened in the south of Yuanxi, opposite to the intersection of Beijing, which was closed after liberation. In the early days, the park was separated from the road by hedges. Later, bamboo hedges were gradually built. After the 13th year of the Republic of China, walls were built. In about 21 years of the Republic of China, iron railings were set up along the Huangpu River and Suzhou River. After liberation, they were transformed into protective walls. At the beginning of the second year of the Republic of China, the Ministry of industry built a water level observation Pavilion on the east side of the park and set up a number of hydrological instruments, so it was officially put into use on March 1, 1949. Since then, the pavilion was rebuilt twice in the 13th year of the Republic of China and 1949. The surviving building was built by Shanghai Waterway Bureau in 1979 and rebuilt in 1995. It is called Huangpu Park hydrological station.

At the beginning of its construction, the Park attracted visitors by its superior position and greening on both sides of the river. In addition to trees, flowers and grasses, the park had only a small greenhouse and a gatehouse, and no other garden buildings. At that time, there were some shrubs in the middle, West and south of the garden. Along the river, there was a main road with a row of trees planted on the roadside and wooden benches under the trees. In the ninth year of Tongzhi, a wooden music pavilion was built on the lawn in the middle of the park, and six gas lamps were installed. In the spring of the sixth year of Guangxu, a rockery was built with concrete and stone at the entrance of the park. In May of the eighth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Yingshang Shanghai electric power company supplied power to the outside world. At the end of the year, electric lights were installed in the park music Pavilion. In the 14th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, wood, an overseas Chinese, donated money to build a fountain in the south of the garden. In the fountain, two children, made of copper, held an umbrella together, and water spouted from the top of the umbrella. In the spring of the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the old music pavilion was demolished and a new music Pavilion of hexagonal steel structure was built. The base of the pavilion was made of stone with steps on both sides and surrounded by iron chains. In the 20th year of Guangxu, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Shanghai's opening as a port, a round pool was built in the north of the park. The fountain was installed in the center of a rough stone, and a small rockery was built in the pool. In the 31st year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, the memorial to the Changsheng army was moved from the Bund to the southwest of the park. It was built in the first year of Tongzhi to please foreigners. After that, another monument was moved into the park. Ma was an official of the British Embassy in China. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, he led an armed "Pathfinder" to invade Yunnan from Myanmar. He refused to listen to the dissuasion and was killed by the local people. In Shanghai, the British built this monument, which was erected on the west side of NaNTU of the outer Ferry Bridge on May 6, 2006. In 1909, the first Maoting pavilion was built in the north of the park. In the 11th year of the Republic of China, the music pavilion was rebuilt. It was still of steel structure, but covered with concrete. In the 12th year of the Republic of China, a reinforced concrete structure pavilion was built. In the 21st year of the Republic of China, a small earth mountain was built in the west of the garden, on which shrubs were planted. In the 24th year of the Republic of China, the Maoting pavilion was demolished and a pine stake pavilion was built in the northeast corner of the garden. In the 25th year of the Republic of China, the rockery in Yuanbei pool was removed and converted into 12 fountains. In the 26th year of the Republic of China, the music pavilion was demolished, leaving only the stone platform foundation. In the same year, in the south of the garden, a wooden canopy was built to serve as a resting place for tourists and a temporary music Pavilion.

Since the opening of the park, Chinese people have not been allowed to enter, and even signs have been put up at the entrance of the park, stipulating that Chinese and dogs are not allowed to enter, which has aroused great indignation of the Chinese people. After more than 60 years of unremitting struggle, the Ministry of industry finally announced that the park would be open to Chinese people from June 1, the 17th of the Republic of China.

When the Pacific War broke out at the end of the 30's of the Republic of China, the Japanese troops who were once stationed in the park trampled on the flowers and plants wantonly, and the park was beyond recognition. In the 32nd year of the Republic of China, the Wang puppet government demolished the "monument to the Changsheng army" and the majaeri monument.

After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, the Garden Management Office of the public works bureau of Shanghai municipal government restored the damaged landscape. During the Dragon Boat Festival on June 4, 1953, in order to watch the dragon boat race on the Huangpu River, more than 70000 people entered the park from the gate of the park, and many others entered the park beyond the wall. For this reason, many parts of the fence were damaged, 35 benches and thatched pavilions were destroyed, and countless flowers and trees were lost, so the park had to stop

Chinese PinYin : Huang Pu Gong Yuan