Anxi Confucian Temple

Confucious'Temple

synonym

Anxi Confucian temple generally refers to Confucian Temple (Anxi Confucian temple, Fujian Province)

Anxi Confucian temple, commonly known as Confucius Temple, is located in the south corner of Anxi County in Fujian Province (east of Datong Road). It was built in the fourth year of Xianping in Song Dynasty (1001). It is a relic of reconstruction in the early Qing Dynasty.

In June 2006, Anxi Confucian temple was approved by the State Council and designated as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the Ministry of culture.

Brief introduction of Confucian Temple

Shaoxing twelve years (1142), county magistrate Yang ganqian school in this site. Confucius was worshipped in the past dynasties, known as "Xiujia Jiangnan" and "mingguan Bamin". The later buildings are the relics of reconstruction in the early Qing Dynasty. In June 2006, Anxi Confucian temple was approved by the State Council and designated as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the Ministry of culture.

Historical origin

Anxi Confucian temple is located on the back of Fengshan mountain, in front of Longjin, facing Bi Feng. In the nearly 900 years from its inception to the 24th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1898), it has gone through reconstruction, reconstruction and addition for more than 30 times.

During the period of Shaosheng of Song Dynasty (1094-1097), Zhang Du, the first Jinshi in Anxi County, wrote the ode to the restoration of Confucian temple to record the event. Since then, large-scale construction has: Jiading six years to nine years (1213-1216), the county magistrate Zhao Yanhou changed the temple door Huabiao; Xianchun first year (1265) spring, Zhong Guoxiu led the county affairs, see Dacheng hall radial decay and advocate repair, Su Junwei and other sub Dong Qizhan, in the old site increased by two feet, expand the East and west two verandas, was started in December, the next year completed in May, Liang Chun selected for Song Ling Zhong Guoxiu repair In 1354, the palace was destroyed because of the war.

Reconstruction and restoration

In the 14th year of Hongwu (1381), the 2nd year of Yongle (1404), the 16th year of Zhengde (1521) and the 24th-27th year of Jiajing (1545-1548), the temple was rebuilt (see records of rebuilding temples in Anxi County by Lin Younian). In 1560, the Confucian temple was destroyed again by Japanese pirates. Chen Cai, the magistrate of the county, was rebuilt. Fu Xiaqi, the doctor of the Ministry of officials, wrote the book of reconstruction of Chen CAI in Ming Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, Anxi Confucian Temple took a long time to rebuild and maintain.

In 1686, Li Guangdi, magistrate sun Yong and Jiaoyu Lin Denghu organized a group of craftsmen to visit the Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong Province. Four years later, the Confucian temple was rebuilt. Under the historical conditions at that time, transportation was not convenient and there was no lifting equipment. Such a grand and exquisite project fully demonstrated the wisdom and talent of Anxi people. In 1755, the Confucian temple was repaired on a large scale.

daily management

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, people's governments at all levels attached great importance to the daily management, protection and maintenance of Anxi Confucian temple. In 1984, the provincial people's government appropriated funds, and the Anxi County People's government designated Lin Yuan as the host. Xue Shihao was responsible for the project management, and ye Qinglin was responsible for the craft supervision. The control wall, Lingxing gate, halberd gate, dongxiwei, Dacheng hall, etc. were all renovated according to their original appearance. Gao Xinping, a Taiwan compatriot, donated a white marble statue of Confucius to the Dacheng hall.

In 1994, Li Luda, a relative of overseas Chinese, donated money. The people's Government of Anxi County designated Li Jianguo as the chair and Xue Shihao as the director of the Construction Committee. He repainted the whole Confucian temple, built "Pan Palace", "Tengjiao" and "Qifeng" gatehouses, built the hall of worship, lecture hall and Teaching Hall, and repaired the Minglun hall. The Millennium Confucian temple is full of splendor.

architectural style

Anxi Confucian temple is a palace style building, standing on a north-south axis. The whole building complex is rectangular, 164 meters long from north to south, 36.5 meters wide from east to west, with a total construction area of 9495 square meters, symmetrically arranged from left to right. From south to north, there are panchi, Zhaoqiang, Lingxing gate, halberd gate, east-west veranda, Dacheng hall, Chongsheng hall and Jiaoyu hall. In the East, there is Minglun hall, surrounded by walls. The layout is reasonable, the structure is complete, the level is clear, the project is grand, the art is exquisite, and the grand is magnificent. It has distinctive characteristics of the times and locality. Its artistic value and scientific value are quite high, reflecting the material value of Anxi at that time A high degree of cultural achievement.

Standing in front of the temple, the first people to see are panchi, Zhaoqiang and Lingxing gate. Panchi is a half moon shape, also known as the half moon pool. The width of the string is 33.5 meters, the diameter from the string to the arc midpoint is 15.2 meters, and the depth is 2 meters. The stone fence is maintained, and the water in the pool is rippled and clear. The screen wall is a brick and stone structure, which is located between panchi and Lingxing gate. It is 3 meters high and 14.9 meters long. It shows that the place of the university is separated from the world. Lingxing gate, also known as Xianshi gate, has a width of five rooms and a depth of two rooms, with a plaque of "Confucian Temple" in it. Stepping into the Lingxing gate, you can enter the front yard. The courtyard is vast, and the halberd gate in the courtyard is solemn and grand, which makes you feel better and better.

Inscriptions

Inside the halberd gate, there are four inscriptions, such as "Ode to the restoration of Confucian Temple" written by Zhang Du. Among them, Chen Qianhe, a Jinshi in 1685 and editor of youchunfang youzhongyun and Hanlin academy, wrote the inscription of emperor Qing's rebuilding academy, which is 2.86 meters in height and 1.21 meters in width. It records the significance and process of the construction of Confucian temple during the reign of Emperor Kangxi and the names of Li Guangdi and other officials. It is the earliest and most complete inscription on the construction of Confucian temple. Crossing the halberd gate, what appears in front of you is a vast courtyard, called baiting, which is the place where ancient civil and military officials worshipped Confucius. There are veranda on both sides of the worship court, which are symmetrical and well lit. The exhibition of Anxi historical relics and historical figures in its veranda systematically introduces the political, economic, cultural and people's production and life in various historical development periods since the Neolithic Age in Anxi, as well as some historical figures in Anxi and their historical achievements.

Go through the veranda and climb the steps to Dacheng hall. Dacheng hall is the core building of Confucian temple, which worships Confucius. The hall is of double eaves and veranda style, with a square plane, three rooms wide and three rooms deep. It has a building area of 485.9 square meters and is surrounded by porches. The roof structure of the hall adopts lotus Ruyi arch, crisscross, complex overlapping, forming a dome shaped caisson, commonly known as "spider web". It is hung upside down without a nail and loaded with ten thousand jin beams without tilting. The construction is precise and the skill is superb. The caisson is particularly unique and magnificent. It is a profound and perfect embodiment of ancient architectural aesthetics. In the hall, there are statues of Confucius and "Si Pei" and "12 zhe", which show the group image of the development system of Confucian culture.

After Dacheng hall is Chongsheng hall, formerly known as Qisheng temple. In 1723, it was renamed today. It worships the parents of Confucius. The building of the hall is Xieshan roof, with a building area of 226 square meters. It is elegant and solemn, with a worship court in front and two symmetrical verandas in the East and West. Later, it was the Jiaoyu, which was rebuilt in 1994. 20 meters to the east of Dacheng hall, there is Minglun hall, with a suspended mountain roof and a courtyard style. It has three rooms in width and two rooms in depth, with a construction area of 609 square meters. In addition, in the history of the Confucian temple, there are Zhongyi temple, Minghuan temple, Xiangxian temple and other buildings, which have been destroyed.

Layout structure

The whole temple of Anxi Confucian temple is decorated with dragons and phoenixes as the main theme, with figures, birds and animals, flowers, flying gold and color. It gathers wood, stone and brick carving, porcelain cutting and stacking. The craftsmanship is extremely exquisite, especially the four pairs of stone dragon pillars inside and outside the halberd gate, in front of the Dacheng hall, and the stone carving of Yunlong Xizhu in the middle of the moon altar. The diabase dragon column in front of jimenwai and Dacheng hall is surrounded by Xianglong. The shape of the dragon is flexible and vivid. It looks like flying, lifelike, and the lines are simple and smooth. The white granite dragon column in front of jimenwai and Dacheng hall has rough carving. The shape of the dragon is clumsy and elegant. It has both shape and spirit. The diabase stone carving with dragon head on top, floating clouds beside the dragon and sea waves below is vivid and well composed.

On the three cornerstones of the moon altar, there are 18 reliefs, such as double lion throwing beads, carp playing with beads, eight steeds, cloud dragon spitting fog, unicorn, crane, green bamboo, lotus, peony, etc., which are finely carved, beautiful and full of vitality. The wood carving art of the Confucian temple is also full of praise. Whether it is the lotus, flower basket, hanging tube inside the Lingxing gate, inside and outside the halberd gate, or in the Dacheng hall, or the queti at the junction of beams and columns, the carving is exquisite and the proportion is appropriate. In particular, the hollow out wood carvings at the junction of the golden pillar and the Tiao Jian beam in the Dacheng hall have vivid expressions of cloud dragon, thin wings of lion and unicorn, which are quite mythical, and are rare in domestic architecture.

architectural art

Anxi Confucian temple is a relatively complete existing Confucian temple in China. It is the most complete ancient architectural art group among the existing buildings in the south of the Yangtze River. It is a rare material for the study of Confucius and Chinese traditional culture, as well as the study of ancient architectural art in China. Its architectural style, once spread to Japan, is an important example of the absorption of Chinese culture by the Yamato people.

Traffic conditions

Bus: take the "Quanzhou Anxi" bus from Quanzhou City, the ticket price is about 18 yuan / person. Bus: take bus K1 / K3 / 1 / 4 / 9 / 11 / 12

You can also take a motorcycle ride, which costs about 3-5 yuan.

Address: southeast corner of Fengcheng Town, Anxi County, Quanzhou City

Longitude: 118.1883212924

Latitude: 25.053569271204

Ticket information: free.

Chinese PinYin : An Xi Wen Miao