Lidu Shaojiu workshop site

Lidu Shaojiu workshop site

Lidu distillery is located in Lidu Town, Jinxian County, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. Its cultural accumulation is mainly in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition to the facilities related to wine making, there are also a large number of pottery fragments, among which wine utensils are the most abundant.

In 2002, it was rated as China's top ten archaeological discoveries. In May 2006, it was approved as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In November of the same year, it was listed in the preparatory list of world cultural heritage by the State Administration of cultural heritage of China. On November 15, 2018, Lidu Shaojiu workshop site was listed in the second batch of national industrial heritage list.

Development history

Lidu town in Jiangxi Province has a history of wine making for more than 1500 years. It has been known as "wine town" since ancient times. Literati, poets, business officials and cloth clothes all "get off the horse when they smell the wine and get on the boat when they know the taste" because of Lidu wine. Li Du wine has a long history and profound cultural background. As early as the end of yuan and early Ming, Li Du, Jiangxi, had "Jiao Shi Li Jia Du, and wine and tofu". After experiencing the prosperity of Qing Dynasty, Li Du Baijiu was well known throughout the country.

Lidu Gaoliang liquor is a traditional famous liquor in Jiangxi Province. It has a brewing history of more than 200 years. It is named after Lidu Town, Jinxian County, Nanchang. The degree of the wine is 56 degrees. The wine has clear color, rich aroma and mellow taste. Best selling in the national market, loved by the majority of consumers, in 1962 was named Jiangxi famous wine. According to the county annals, in the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Lidu had the habit of brewing Shaojiu with high-quality glutinous rice, a local specialty. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Li Du Wan Mao restaurant widely set up folk Baijiu technology. On the basis of glutinous rice wine, a new process was introduced, which uses rice as raw material, Daqu as saccharifying ferment, and fermentation of old pits with cylinder and brick structure. Lidu Gaoliang liquor developed from this, and the number of liquor making workshops increased to seven. Because of its mellow and pure taste and strong fragrance, the wine has gained a great reputation and a wide market. The highest output of the town once reached 400000 Jin, which sold well in Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces. Lidu town is located in the middle and lower reaches of Fu River, close to the embankment of Fu River, with beautiful environment, fertile land and good rice quality, which is the best raw material for liquor making. What's more, the groundwater is clear and transparent all year round. It's crisp and sweet, and contains trace minerals. It's a rare water for wine making.

On May 25, 2006, it was rated as a key cultural relic protection unit in China, with information number 6-0100-1-102.

geographical position

The site is located in the old factory area of Lidu distillery, hongshiqiao, Lidu town. It is the site of Shaojiu workshop from Yuan Dynasty to modern times. The archaeological exploration area of the site is 1600 square meters, and the archaeological excavation area in 2002 is 300 square meters. The cultural deposits revealed are mainly relics of yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The 11 levels of its cultural accumulation can be divided into six periods: Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, modern times and modern times. There are no remains of Southern Song Dynasty. The remaining five periods of wine making relics include wells, stoves, drying halls, wine cellars, distillation facilities, wall foundations, ditches, roads, ash pits, brick pillars, etc. The well is located in the center of the relic. It was first built in the Yuan Dynasty and later increased. It is 4.25 meters deep. It is a hexagonal kenaf stone well circle with a diameter of 0.66-0.72 meters. The well platform is made of triad clay. The stove was built in the Ming Dynasty. It is made of red stone and blue brick. The length of the stove is 2.80 meters, the short diameter is 1.42 meters, and the residual height is 1.98 meters. The flue is located on both sides of the head end. The operation pit in front of the stove is concave, 2.70 meters long, 1.60 meters wide, and 1.84 meters deep. There are two airing halls, 50 square meters in Ming Dynasty and 40 square meters in Qing Dynasty. They are built of cobble and triad with uneven surface and red stone boundary. There are 22 wine cellars, including 13 in Yuan Dynasty, with a diameter of about 0.65-0.95 meters and a depth of about 0.56-0.72 meters; there are 9 in Ming Dynasty, with 6 still in use, with a diameter of 0.9-1.1 meters and a depth of about 1.52 meters. There are two facilities at the site of distilling Lidu distillery, with bucket shaped brick seats. The distilling facilities in Ming Dynasty were repaired in Qing Dynasty, with a diameter of 0.80 m, a height of 0.62 m, and a southeast distance of 0.85 M. In Qing Dynasty, the diameter of distillation facilities was 0.42-0.54m, and the height was 0.38M. There are 350 pieces of relics unearthed from the site, including ceramics, stone tools, bronze, iron, bamboo, wood and so on. Most of them are ceramics, and most of them are wine utensils. Lidu is an ancient town in Jiangxi Province and a granary in the south of the Yangtze River. Its wine making history can be traced back to more than 2000 years ago. Ancient Chinese literary giants Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, and CI poet Yan Shu drank heavily every time they passed Lidu. As a result, it has a long-standing reputation of "getting off the horse when smelling the fragrance and gathering the boat when knowing the taste". Zhou Henggang, head of China liquor rating expert group, praised the following: "the history of the history of the Chinese Baijiu" workshop "nearly 800 years" is a rare "treasure" of the Chinese liquor industry. "Li Du"

Get honor

Field archaeology Award

On February 7, 2004, the results of the fifth field archaeology award, the highest award in Chinese archaeology, were announced in Beijing. The archaeological project of the Yuan Dynasty liquor making workshop site in Lidu, Jiangxi Province, won the third prize.

The selection of the field archaeology award started in 1993 and is sponsored by the State Administration of cultural relics of China. It is held every two years. It is known as the most rigorous selection in archaeology, which not only requires the project itself to have important value, but also requires the whole excavation process to be scientific and rigorous, and the unearthed cultural relics and important relics need to have stage research results. Since the field archaeology award was established, only the excavation of Pit 2 of the terracotta warriors and horses in the mausoleum of Qin Shihuang has won the first prize. The first prize of the fifth field archaeology award is still vacant, while the second prize is only one. It is the zhenpiyan site in Guilin, Guangxi, excavated by the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of social sciences. The third prize includes eight archaeological projects, including the Lidu liquor workshop site of Yuan Dynasty in Jiangxi Province, Erlitou palace in Yanshi, Henan Province, the Neolithic site of gexinqiao, Guangxi Province, and the Heying site in Shili village, Anhui Province. The Lidu liquor making workshop site of Yuan Dynasty, excavated by Jiangxi Provincial Institute of archaeology, is another ancient liquor making workshop site with distinctive local characteristics, which is the earliest, the most complete, the most relic, the longest lasting, and has been discovered in China after Shuijingfang in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. The excavation work strictly follows the "rules for field archaeology" and applies the technology of natural science Baijiu, a computer technology and so on, and based on the situation of wine cellars in the Yuan Dynasty, the advanced simulation method in liquor production was used to restore the Baijiu production process in the Yuan Dynasty.

Discovery process

The most authentic and complete evidence of China's splendid wine culture, Lidu Shaojiu workshop site, has been listed in the "preparatory list of world cultural heritage", which is not only the wealth of China, but also the wealth of the world.

In June 2002, Jiangxi Lidu Liquor Co., Ltd. expanded the production workshop of the old factory. While working, the shovel hit hard objects. Digging the soil around, we found that the hard object turned out to be a pottery jar. We didn't dare to be careless, so we dug carefully, and the preliminary judgment was that we found the ancient wine making relics. Lidu liquor company immediately reported to Jiangxi Institute of cultural relics and archaeology. After on-the-spot investigation and consulting relevant literature, it was reported to the State Administration of cultural relics of China for approval, and the rescue archaeological excavation of Lidu Shaojiu workshop site was carried out. After excavation, a complete wine making site has been discovered in front of the world: Pottery vats, wine cellars and water wells in the Yuan Dynasty, as well as stoves, air drying halls, distillation facilities, ditches and wall foundations in the Ming Dynasty. More than 350 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed, of which more than 70 are ceramic wine vessels. The whole site is convex, covering an area of about 15000 square meters, and the excavation area is about 350 square meters.

The discovery of Lidu liquor making workshop site once again witnessed the long wine making history of Jiangxi Province and enriched the cultural connotation of Lidu liquor. In huanxisha written by Yan Shu, a poet of the Northern Song Dynasty, "the flowers of Polygonum hydropiper are fragrant, the green spring water flows eastward, and the boats are light and easy to follow. When the fisherman wakes up after drinking, he stirs up again. The mandarin ducks fly away, but they turn back, and one cup of wine dispels two eyebrows. " It is exactly the same as the scenes on both sides of Fu River, reflecting the origin of Lidu ancient town and wine. Deng Shaoping, vice president and professor of the Food Institute of Hangzhou Business University, believes that the discovery and excavation of Lidu distillery site has three major significance in the history of Chinese Liquor Making: first, it is the earliest and largest distillery site in China; second, there are no missing items in terms of technology and layout; third, it is a distillery that has been used to this day

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Lidu liquor making workshop site has incomparable value with other sites. From the perspective of the times, Lidu liquor making has lasted for more than 700 years since the Yuan Dynasty. It is not only the first in China, but also the earliest and longest lasting wine culture carrier in the world. Shuijingfang started in the Ming Dynasty and Jiannanchun in the Qing Dynasty. In terms of scale, Lidu Shaojiu workshop site is the largest wine cellar workshop site excavated in China, with an area of at least 15000 square meters. Together with the streets, wine shops and commercial ports on the ground, a complete heritage pattern reflecting the development of ancient Chinese wine industry is formed, which is rare in the world. Xushui, Hebei, Shuijingfang, Chengdu, Sichuan and Jiannanchun, Mianyang are the only underground wineries left, but no winery remains.

Lidu distillery site is not only the wealth of Nanchang and China, but also the wealth of the world. Lidu distillery, after more than 700 years, has witnessed the prosperity and vicissitudes of human beings, and the mellow fragrance will be handed down forever.

Archaeological value

It is of great significance in the development of wine making industry to use starch as raw material in various methods of wine making, especially the application of simultaneous saccharification and wine making and semi-solid fermentation, as well as the ingenious combination of these two technologies

Chinese PinYin : Li Du Shao Jiu Zuo Fang Yi Zhi