Liuchazhou

Liuchazhou

Liucha island has been a major landscape of Longquan since ancient times. After the catastrophic flood in the late Qing Dynasty, the buildings and trees on the island disappeared, and it became a wasteland for nearly half a century. In 2002, Longquan municipal Party committee and government made the decision to build liuchazhou water park with the goal of building an ancient city with mountains and waters and a fine city. The park is mainly composed of Liucha Pavilion, viewing gallery, central square and landscaping, with a total investment of more than 25 million yuan. In October 2002, Liucha Pavilion, the core building of Liucha Island, was officially started. In August 2003, the main project of Liucha pavilion was completed. In October 2004, the overall project of liuchazhou water park was basically completed and opened to the public. Today, liuchazhou has become a highlight of Longquan, an ancient city with mountains and waters, and a great place for people's leisure and entertainment.

Geography

Liuchazhou, formerly known as jiangqinyu, is located in the west of Jichuan bridge (today's South Bridge) and a islet in the center of longquanxi. The southwest reach of the river is Qinxi. The upstream of Qinxi river is called Longquan River, which originates from the northwest foot of guomaojian in Ruilong township. It is said that it originates from Qingquan (now known as oujiangyuan) in Fengyang mountain wetland. The upper reaches are Meixi, Qingxi, and the Longquan River converges at Huangnan village. From south to East, it flows through Chatian, chafeng, Jianhu, Lanju, Hongshan, and joins Qinxi river. The river reach in the northwest is Jiangxi, yanzhangxi in the upstream and Jiangxi in the northwest from Jinxi to Longyuan town. The two rivers of Qin and Jiang met in the north and south, and the water of the river impacted and accumulated mud and stone for a long time, forming silt in the center of the river, so it was named Jiang Qin silt. Jiangxi and Qinxi are collectively referred to as Longquan Daxi. Due to the formation of middle resistance due to siltation, one stream is divided into two streams, and then it is compounded into one stream under siltation.

Jiang and Qin silted up, and the streams confluenced and impacted for many years, and the mud and rocks did not sink repeatedly, forming an island silting area of about 2 square kilometers. The island was overgrown with weeds, and later generations planted trees and built pavilions, which gradually became one of the major landscapes of Longquan. With the changes of the times, this landscape is the epitome of the rise and fall of Longquan.

"Longquan county annals" records: "in the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo named liuchazhou as the state of Lingxi in Longquan, and it was also the book list of liuchazhou Pavilion. Then Chen Shunyu wrote poems. At that time, it was said that the grandeur of the pavilion, the strength of the billboard, and the police of the poem were three unique. ①”

The new chronicle of Longquan county records clearly the name of Liucha Island, but it does not indicate when Liucha pavilion was built. The earliest record of Liucha Pavilion is the record of Liucha Pavilion by nanshou of Song Dynasty, which can be found in Longquan county annals of Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty. Ji nanshau was a Jinshi in the fifth year of Shaoxing (1135) of Song Dynasty. It is written that when he was a child, he knew that there was Liucha Pavilion, which means that Liucha pavilion was built at least before the year of Shaoxing of Song Dynasty.

Development

Song Dynasty

When was Su Dongpo's title list? Yayi said that it was in the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090), and he Zhiqi and Su Dongpo shared the West Lake and the name of the book Pavilion. He Zhiqi, the father of he wan, was a Jinshi in the fifth year of Huangyou (1053) of the Northern Song Dynasty. According to the genealogy of he, the father of he wan was about 45 years old in the fifth year of Huangyou, and at least 80 years old in the fifth year of Yuanyou (1090). It is impossible to go boating with Su Dongpo on the West Lake at this time. Therefore, it can be inferred that the title list of Su should be in Huangyou period, with the first Pavilion, and then Liucha Pavilion. Therefore, it can be inferred that Liucha Pavilion should be built in the early Song Dynasty.

Longquan county was established in the second year of Qianyuan (759) of Tang Dynasty. During the Five Dynasties, porcelain making workshops had taken shape, and by the early Song Dynasty, kiln sites had spread all over the banks of Longquan River. In 982, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty appointed Zhao Renji to supervise Longquan kiln. The development of porcelain industry promoted the economic development of Longquan, which also started the construction of temples, pavilions, pavilions and towers in Longquan. According to historical records, Sun Temple was built in the second year of emperor Tianxi of Song Dynasty (1019), and Jinsha tower was built in the second year of Taiping Xingguo of Northern Song Dynasty (977). In the early Song Dynasty, when the economy of Longquan was relatively developed, it was necessary to build pavilions on jiangqinyu in the center of Longquan River. Liucha pavilion was first built in the reign of emperor Xi or emperor you in the early Song Dynasty. There is no historical record of when the pavilion was built

It's just a conjecture.

Liucha island in the early Song Dynasty is already a major landscape of Longquan, "the trees are built on it, the forest stands on it, the fishing boats are on its side, the mist is around, the gulls and herons are in sight, and you can see it like Yingzhou."

The Liucha Pavilion in the early Song Dynasty and the title list of Su Dongpo show that Chen Shunyu's poems are three unique poems in the south of the Yangtze River. We can see the magnificence of the pavilion at that time. The magnificent Liucha pavilion has been well described in the poems of Chen Shunyu of Song Dynasty: "the high Pavilion flying in the sky, the mirage spitting out the building", "the side knot carving, the potential leaning in the air", "the painting curtain is cool and the wind of the stream is mixed." It seems that "this scene can't be found in the world", just like the feeling of Guanghan palace in the moon.

The Liucha Pavilion depicted by Chen Shunyu was destroyed by fire before 1158. Ji Nan Shouge's record: "the misfortune is due to Kou Liao, but the rafters are not left." In the early Song Dynasty, Liucha pavilion was destroyed by fire and rebuilt in the 20th year of Shaoxing (1158).

Ming Dynasty

Zhang Yu's Liucha Pavilion in the Ming Dynasty once recorded that Liucha pavilion was destroyed and built several times: "Zhongyong sand became a continent, and the pavilion was built on the top, which was destroyed first. If you catch the positive film again, you will suffer from the evil again. "

The newly compiled Longquan county annals records: "before the Yuan Dynasty, Su Dongpo's book list was destroyed by the war, and the pavilions were also several prosperous and several abandoned." Zhang Yu's "Liucha Pavilion" was written in 1534, the 13th year of Jiajing period. He expressed that "it was destroyed first", which should refer to Yuanwei. In 1276, Yuanbing attacked Longquan. In 1278, Qingtian uprising army conquered Longquan again. There was a big fire in the city. According to historical records, more than 2000 houses were destroyed in the war. In the midst of war, it is hard to avoid the danger of leaving the pavilion. During the Hongwu Period of the early Ming Dynasty (1368-1435), the Liucha Pavilion should be rebuilt. Ye Ziqi, who lived before Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, once wrote two poems about Liucha Pavilion in Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty. There is no mention of Su Dongpo's title list in the poem. In Ming Dynasty, there were dozens of poems with the title of Liucha Pavilion, none of which mentioned Su Dongpo's inscriptions, indicating that there was no Su Shi's inscriptions in Liucha Pavilion.

According to the records of Liucha Pavilion written by Zhang Yu, "the pavilion was destroyed first". If it refers to the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it should be rebuilt in the year of Hongwu. Otherwise, there will be no Ye Ziqi's poem "Liucha Pavilion reminiscent of the past in autumn". During the reign of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty, the pavilion was destroyed by fire again. County records, Ming Zhengde years (1513), Longquan City fire, burning qiaolou, Jichuan bridge and two thousand homes. In the third year of Jiajing reign (1524), Zhu Shizhong, a member of Nanchang family, was appointed as the county magistrate of Longquan. When he came to Longquan, there was neither Jichuan bridge nor Liucha Pavilion in the city. During his tenure, he rebuilt Jichuan bridge and Liucha Pavilion. According to Zhang Yu of Ming Dynasty, "the bridge is still called Jichuan bridge" and "the pavilion is still called Liucha".

Qing Dynasty

From the beginning of the Qing Dynasty to the 30th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1904), Liucha Pavilion should exist on Liucha island. During this period, many literati and county magistrates wrote poems and poems about Liucha Pavilion. During the reign of Qianlong, there were Liucha Academies on Liucha island. The county annals of qingguangxu edition published the map of Liucha island. The diagram shows that there are not only "Liucha Pavilion", but also "Wenchang Pavilion" and "yuyingtang" on Liucha island. In 1892, Bi Yice, the county magistrate of the Qing Dynasty, planted more trees on the island, built a fine house with stubble, recruited students and taught them in person. Every year on Su Dongpo's birthday, a birthday party of Dongpo is held in Liucha Pavilion, where literati are called to recite poems and write compositions.

In the Qing Dynasty, liuchazhou was once a tourist attraction for local people and merchants. There are 14 sceneries in Longquan City since ancient times. Among them, liuchazhou and liuchage are the two sceneries. The representative poems are Lingxi Fengyue and Weige bullfight.

In the summer solstice of 1904, Longquan suffered a great flood. The city was full of water, which was even with the eaves of the house. The boat could support to the qingxiubian area. According to the old man's recollection, there was an old man guarding Liucha island at that time. In case of this flood, the old man and the pavilion were washed away by the flood. Since then, the trees, pavilions and other buildings on Liucha island have been swept by the flood, leaving only one existing tree.

notes

① Longquan county annals, the first edition in June 1994, is a chronicle of events.

② There is no original version of Longquan county annals by Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty in China so far, and the county annals office keeps the manuscript.

③ It is quoted from Liucha Pavilion by nanshou of Song Dynasty.

④ Zhang Yu's Liucha Pavilion in Ming Dynasty was published in twelve volumes of Longquan county annals published by Qianlong in Qing Dynasty.

⑤ Longquan toponym records art and literature.

⑥ A new chronicle of Longquan county.

Su Shi's title list of Liucha Pavilion

As we all know, Su Shi, who was named Dongpo, was honest and upright, concerned about the people, and did practical work for the people. He was versatile in art. His article was one of the "eight masters" of Tang and Song Dynasties, his calligraphy was one of the "four masters" of Northern Song Dynasty, and his poetry was the ancestor of a generation. He was proficient in painting, rhythm, appreciation, and cooking. Dongpo meat, a famous dish in Hangzhou, is famous for its cooking. How could such a famous person name a small "mud and stone silting" on Longquan River? Yasu Dongpo not only named this little-known "mud and stone silting" Liucha Island, but also wrote a book "Liucha Pavilion".

In Song Dynasty, Longquan was well-known for the following reasons: firstly, Longquan celadon was in its heyday; secondly, there were many officials in the dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, there were more than 100 Jinshi in Longquan, among which the he clan was particularly prosperous. He wan was the "senior adviser" of song Shenzong's political affairs, and he Zhizhong was the prime minister. He Ziqi, the father of he wan, was an enlightened gentleman who often made friends with celebrities in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Su Dongpo once served as an official in Hangzhou twice before and after, and served as a judge in Hangzhou for the first time

Chinese PinYin : Liu Cha Zhou