The tomb of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty

Tang Tai Mausoleum

synonym

Tang Xuanzong mausoleum generally refers to Tang mausoleum

Tang Tai mausoleum is a joint cemetery of Emperor Xuanzong Li Longji and empress Yuanxian Yang. It is located in the south of JinSu mountain, 15 kilometers northeast of Pucheng County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. The Tang Tai mausoleum takes the mountain as its mausoleum. The mausoleum is built in the mountainside and surrounded by mausoleum walls. It is magnificent and typical of the style of Tang imperial mausoleum.

Besides the main Mausoleum of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and empress Yang, the eunuch Gao Lishi was also buried in the mausoleum. According to the research of experts, the tailing mausoleum system imitates the Chang'an city of Tang Dynasty, which is of great scale. Although it has experienced more than 1000 years of wind and rain, the 34 pairs of stone carvings on both sides of Shinto are basically well preserved, which has high artistic value. The mausoleum of the Tang Dynasty is now a national key cultural relic protection unit.

Traffic information

Bus route: take the bus to Pucheng County at Weinan long distance bus station, transfer to the bus to shijiashan at Pucheng north station, and get off at Lishi Road (tailing).

Main attractions

In the 17th year of Kaiyuan (729 AD), Li Longji visited the Qiaoling to Jinshu mountain. Seeing that there was a tendency of dragon and Phoenix resting in this mountain, he said: "I should be buried here after a thousand years." The scale of the mausoleum is huge. The enclosed area of the mausoleum has a circle of 38 kilometers. The layout of the mausoleum is similar to that of the capital Chang'an.

The existing stone carvings are: Huabiao, Tianma, ostrich, shiwengzhong, Shishi, etc. These stone carvings are exquisite, vivid and smooth. They are treasures of China's stone carving art. Some of the stone carvings have been destroyed. The empress Yuanxian and his servant, Gao Lishi, were buried with them. In 1971, the lower part of Gao Lishi's tombstone, which was broken and lost more than 200 years ago, was found here. It is connected with the upper part of Gao Lishi's tombstone, which is 4 meters high. It provides valuable material materials for the study of Gao Lishi and the history of Tang Dynasty.

According to the provincial annals, the site within the mausoleum is 38 kilometers, which is the largest of all mausoleums. Taking Xuangong palace as the center, the mausoleum wall is built according to the mountain trend. The plane layout of the mausoleum area is divided into two cities, the inner and the outer, which are similar to the capital Chang'an

Rosefinch gate (South). It is about 500 meters west of tangling village, Baonan township;

Xuanwumen (North). It is located in Lingnan village, Shangwang township;

Qinglongmen (also known as Donghuamen). It is about 400 meters east of tangling village, Chunlin township;

Baihumen (also known as xihuamen). It is 400 meters away from dongshanhuai village, Xianxiang village.

The four gates and the four corners of the mausoleum wall are respectively built with gate Que and corner que. The ground buildings include Xiandian, Xiagong, que Lou, Lingshu, etc. the halls are continuous and well arranged. The mausoleum area is a solemn scene with luxuriant trees and green shade. Like other Imperial Mausoleums, the mausoleum was equipped with Ling Tai Ling (from five grades) and officials such as Zhu Wen, Zhu Yue, Zhu Nian and Dian Shi. Zhechong Prefecture is also set up in the mausoleum area, which is responsible for the security of the mausoleum area. The mausoleum households in the mausoleum area are specially responsible for the memorial activities of officials at all levels. Like other Tang mausoleums, there are a lot of stone carvings in the four gates of the Mausoleum (especially on both sides of the Shinto)

There used to be a pair of stone lions outside the four gates, a total of eight, but six are still alive;

Outside the South Gate (ZhuQueMen), there are ten pairs of stone men, of which nine are still alive; one pair of Huabiao, of which one is still alive; one pair of Pegasus, one pair of ostrich, of which five are still alive; five pairs of stone horses, of which five are still alive;

Outside the north gate (Xuanwu Gate), there were three pairs of stone horses, but there are still two left;

Different from other mausoleums, there were eight standing statues of "Pan chieftain" in the mausoleum. Now only three standing statues on the east side of the mausoleum remain, and a small Crouching Tiger remains at the north gate.

The carvings of the ministers (stone figures) in the tailing mausoleum reflect the characteristics of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty.

At the time of Tang Xuanzong's death, although the "an Shi rebellion" was coming to an end, the wars in Henan and Hebei continued. After years of war, the people were displaced, the two capitals were completely destroyed, the Army (especially the warlord army and the Huihe Army) burned, killed and plundered, and the society was in chaos. The national strength of the Tang Dynasty took a sharp turn and nearly collapsed. From then on, history entered the middle Tang Dynasty. Due to the directness of the relationship between the production of tomb stone carvings and the social masters, it not only reflects the national strength at the time of production, but also moves the pulse of the spirit of ruling that era. Therefore, the tomb stone carvings of tailing became the representative of the tomb stone carvings of the middle Tang Dynasty.

Compared with the works of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the stone carvings of the middle Tang Dynasty are smaller and more peaceful in spirit. However, the stone carvings of this period also had some development, and many of them maintained a strong vitality and momentum. Among them, tailing winged horse (in the mausoleum, the winged horse played a mysterious role in connecting the dead and the heaven) was a treasure of Tang mausoleum stone carvings, with vigorous posture and unrestrained spirit. Weng Zhong, a literary minister, was elegant and noble, and a military minister was brave and valiant, which still did not lose the charm of the Tang Dynasty It is not like the courtiers in the works of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, who are arrogant and broad-minded.

In addition to Yuan Xianyang empress (Huayin Yang Zhiqing's daughter), there is only one accompanying tomb (located in Shanxi village, Chunlin township). Gao Lishi, formerly surnamed Feng, entered the palace at the beginning of the holy calendar (698 A.D.) at the age of about 15. When Li Longji was a vassal king, Gao Lishi was "attached to the knot with all his heart" and later served Xuanzong for more than 50 years. After Xuanzong's resignation, he was falsely accused by Li Fuguo. In Wuzhou, the powerful man once said, "I should have died for a long time, and the emperor has been pitying me so far. I wish I could see your Majesty's color and die without hate.". It's not allowed in the auxiliary countries. In the first year of Baoying, he was pardoned and returned to Langzhou. After hearing the news and seeing the imperial edict of the two emperors, he cried bitterly in the north and said, "you can't go up to Zigong, you can't die.". He died of hematemesis at the age of 79. Daizong presented Gao Lishi, the governor of Yangzhou, to be buried with the tomb of Tai.

With the passage of time and frequent wars, the mausoleum has been damaged and looted many times. Especially during Zhu Wen's usurpation of the Tang Dynasty, Wen Kai, the Huayuan Jiedu envoy, said, "those who live in the tombs of the Tang Dynasty will find out and take the treasures." The catastrophe not only destroyed the magnificent ground buildings, but also damaged the remains of Xuanzong. In 973 A.D., Emperor Taizu of the Northern Song Dynasty issued an imperial edict to repair the tailing mausoleum. The remains of Xuanzong were buried again in a suit of Dharma suit and regular suit. At the same time, a Xuanzong Temple (located in the southeast of jingmusi village, Chunlin Township today) was established. Steles were erected at the lower palace, and pines and cypresses, Changyang and juhuai trees were widely planted in the mausoleum area. Before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Xiagong was the place where the imperial court offered sacrifices to the mausoleum. In 1775, the governor of Shaanxi Province, Bi Yuan, ordered the repair of the Tai mausoleum and built a 3-foot-wide and 6-foot-high wall in the mausoleum area to protect it. At the same time, near the site of the Xiandian hall in ZhuQueMen, a huge stele of "Tang Yuanzong Tai mausoleum" (changed from Xuanwei to yuan to avoid the taboo of Kangxi) was erected. This stele still exists today, with five official script characters, Vigorous and powerful, it can be regarded as an engraved treasure. In 1956, the tailing mausoleum was listed as the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in Shaanxi Province, and the tailing cultural relics management office was established in 1958. However, it is inconceivable that during the great leap forward and the cultural revolution, the stone inscriptions of tailing suffered a large-scale and ignorant destruction. It was only after the reform and opening up that the local government increased investment, renovated roads, planted trees and prepared to repair the stone carvings on the ground. At this time, the tailing mausoleum really gained a new life.

geographical position

Tang Tai mausoleum is located 15 kilometers northeast of Pucheng County, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province. The mountain is 716 meters above sea level, undulating and winding. The tomb of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty is also a mausoleum built on a mountain, with tombs built in the mountainside and walls built around the mausoleum. Here lies Li Longji, the sixth emperor of the Tang Dynasty, who once worked hard to win the heyday of Kaiyuan.

Brief introduction to Emperor Ming

Tang tailing mausoleum is the joint Tomb of Tang Xuanzong Li Longji and Yuan Xian empress Yang. Li Longji is the seventh emperor of Tang Dynasty. Tang Xuanzong is one of the most legendary emperors in Chinese history. Because of the "Kaiyuan rule", he pushed the Tang Dynasty to the peak; because of the "Tianbao rebellion", he pushed the Tang Dynasty to the abyss of destruction; a discount of "Changsheng Palace" made him spread through the ages; a discount of "Changsheng Palace" made him spread through the ages; a discount of "Changsheng Palace" made him spread through the ages The song "song of everlasting regret" made him regret all his life. Therefore, as far as mausoleum owners are concerned, the mausoleum has great tourist attraction.

Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (685-762 A.D.), named Li Longji, also known as Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty, was the third son of Li Dan of Ruizong of Tang Dynasty. Empress Mu Dou was granted the prince of Linzi. Later, because of pacifying the rebellion of empress Wei, yongruizong was granted the crown prince.

In August of the first year of Yanhe (712), he forced his father to abdicate and ascended the throne of emperor. At the age of 28, he died and was buried in the tailing mausoleum after 45 years in office (712-756). The year is congenial, Kaiyuan and Tianbao.

In 710 ad, empress Wei poisoned Zhongzong and listened to the government as empress dowager. Li Longji and his aunt Princess Taiping launched a palace coup to eradicate Wei and her party members, forcing Li chongmao to issue an imperial edict to give the emperor the position of his uncle. Li Longji was made the crown prince. At that time, the internal struggle of the court was very fierce. After assisting Li Longji to get rid of Wei in the coup, Princess Taiping became more and more arrogant and extravagant. Among the seven prime ministers in the court, five have close relations with Princess Taiping, especially with their aunts and nephews.

In June of the first year of Yanhe (712), Ruizong called himself Emperor and passed the throne to Li Longji. In July 713, Princess Taiping conspired with her party members to launch a coup to overthrow Xuanzong and become emperor. But this plot was soon discovered by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty. He took the initiative to kill Princess Taiping and completely cut off Taiping

Chinese PinYin : Tang Xuan Zong Tai Ling