Tokyo Mausoleum

Tokyo Mausoleum

The Qing Dynasty dongjingling mausoleum is located in dongjingling village, dongjingling street, Wensheng District, Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province,

It is the fourth Royal Mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty after the three mausoleums (Yongling, Fuling and Zhaoling) outside the pass of the Qing Dynasty. Nurhachi's grandfather, father, wife, uncle, brother and son were buried. It was the first royal mausoleum after the founding of the Qing Dynasty (later Jin Dynasty).

After the Qing Taizu Nurhachi moved his capital to Liaoyang, in 1624, he moved the tombs of his grandfather, younger brother and son from hetuala to Yanglu mountain, 4 Li northeast of Tokyo City, which became the post Jin Zuling, so it is called "Tokyo mausoleum". Shunzhi eight years (1651) in June Yihai, Emperor Shunzhi imperial edict to Tokyo mausoleum for Jiqing mountain, from the worship of Fangze.

In 1988, Tokyo mausoleum was listed as a provincial cultural relic protection unit. In 2013, the State Council announced it as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

In 1621, Nuerhachi captured more than 70 cities in Liaodong, such as Shenyang and Liaoyang, and moved the capital to Liaoyang (now the prince of Liaoyang City, Hedong new town). On the first day of the fourth lunar month in the ninth year of Tianming (1624), di duobi of Nuerhachi tribe sent his grandfather and his wife juechang'an, his father and his wife Takeshi, his wife xiaocigao, empress mengguzhezhe, his wife Fucha's gundai, his eldest son Chuying, his uncle Lidun, his younger brother shuerhaqi, his younger brother muraqi, his son darcha and his uncle Tacha Zhangu from xuanhetuala (jinxinbin) The tombs of huerhaqi and his son moved here from hetuala. They chose "Yanglu mountain" east of the capital Tokyo (Liaoyang new city) to build a cemetery, named "Tokyo mausoleum", which is the first imperial mausoleum of the later Jin Dynasty.

In the third year of emperor Taiji's Tiancong reign (1629), three years after Nurhachi's death, his mausoleum was built in Tianzhu Mountain on the East outskirts of Shenyang City. Therefore, from the Tokyo mausoleum, Nurhachi will be granted the title of empress Xiaoci Gao, his biological mother yehenara's mengguzhe, and another Fucha's gundai in dafujin, and will be buried in Shenyang together with Nurhachi.

In June of the eighth year of Shunzhi (1651), the name of the mountain was changed to Jiqing mountain. In 1654, the mausoleum of nurhachizu's father was moved back to Hetu alayong mausoleum.

In 1658, Emperor Shunzhi decided to bury the two emperors in the Tokyo mausoleum. Of course, both of them were worshippers. Nurhachi's grandfather, juechang'an and his father, Takeshi and his wife, were buried in hetualayong mausoleum. They were buried in the "Yongling mausoleum" together with their older ancestors, namely, Nurhachi's great grandfather, Fuman, and the sixth ancestor, mengge, Timur. In this process, Li Dun, the great uncle of Nurhachi who was originally buried in the Tokyo mausoleum, was also moved back to Yongling for burial.

So far, the first imperial mausoleum of the Qing Dynasty, Dongjing mausoleum, which has existed for 34 years, has no emperor and queen for the first time and the last time, and has to be left out in the long river of history. Only the sacrifice of the descendants of Prince Baylor's own branch in the cemetery. There are three Mausoleums in Dongjing mausoleum, including Nurhachi's younger brother shuerhaqi, Chuying's eldest son, murhachi's younger brother and his son darcha. The scale of the mausoleum in Tokyo was not large. Because it was busy with the war at that time, the mausoleum was simple and crude. Later, it was rebuilt many times during the reign of Shunzhi, Kangxi, Qianlong and Jiaqing.

The mausoleum of muerhaqi and his son darcha is located about 200 meters southeast of shuerhaqi mausoleum. There are two courtyards in the garden. There are three tombstones in the front yard, one of which is muerhaqi tombstone and one of which is darcha tombstone. They were built in 1671. The other one is erected by sun Baoxi and xiqia of muerhaqi in the third year of Kant. All the steles are the head of the turtle. Tokyo mausoleum was once the ancestral Mausoleum of the royal family during the founding of the ancestors of the Qing Dynasty in Liao and Shen dynasties, which is of great significance in the history of the development of the Qing Dynasty.

From 1996 to 1997, Lingdao was rebuilt. The mausoleum has a wall, a mountain gate, a stele Pavilion and other buildings. Built in front of shuerhaqi's tomb, the pavilion is well preserved. It is a hilltop building with four single eaves. There is a painted caisson in it. In the middle of the pavilion, there is a marble "zhuangdarhan's stele to Prince Lu". It is printed in Chinese and Manchu characters. The handwriting is clear and the carving is exquisite.

In 2013, the State Council announced Tokyo Mausoleum as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Mausoleum structure

Tokyo mausoleum is surrounded by walls, mountain gates, stele pavilions and other buildings. Built in front of shuerhaqi's tomb, the pavilion is well preserved. It is a hilltop building with four single eaves. There is a painted caisson in it. In the middle of the pavilion, there is a marble "zhuangdarhan's stele to Prince Lu". It is printed in Chinese and Manchu characters. The handwriting is clear and the carving is exquisite.

The mausoleum of muerhaqi and his son darcha is located about 200 meters southeast of shuerhaqi mausoleum. The mausoleum is rectangular and has two courtyards. There are three tombstones in the front yard, one of which is muerhaqi tombstone and one of which is darcha tombstone. They were built in the 10th year of Kangxi. The other one is erected by the 10th sun Baoxi and xiqia of muerhaqi in the 3rd year of Kant. All the steles are the head of the turtle.

In the early Qing Dynasty, there was no coffin in the tombs, because the traditional cremation custom of Manchu was maintained. After Emperor Kangxi accepted the influence of Han culture, cremation was abolished. Therefore, the Tokyo mausoleum is the same as the three mausoleums outside the pass (Yong, Fu and Zhao). There is only an urn in the tomb underground palace, and of course there is no grand underground palace.

According to historical records, the tombs of six people, including shuerhaqi, muerhaqi, bayara, yaraqi, Chuying and daerca, are still buried in the Dongjing mausoleum, which is the fourth mausoleum outside the three mausoleums of Manchu and Qing Dynasties.

Tokyo mausoleum has a history of more than 400 years. During this period, it was visited by many grave robbers. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was completely demolished. Now there are only three mausoleums left.

Relic architecture

Tomb of shuerhaqi

It is the tomb of the prince in the early Qing Dynasty, but the regulation is very low. Shuerhaqi was Nurhachi's third younger brother. They started their business together. He was the second person in the later Jin Dynasty, second only to Nurhachi. But it was also because of the dispute over power, and finally failed. After being imprisoned by Taizu for two years, he died in 1611. Originally, this loser should have been submerged in the classics, but he gave birth to nine sons. Although Amin, the second son and one of the four great Baileys, also failed, his other son, the sixth elder, was named "assistant king" together with Dorgon. After Dorgon died, he helped emperor Shunzhi to govern and control power, and was named "Prince Shuo and Shuo Zheng". He died at the age of 57. Shuerhaqi also benefited from his sixth son, jierhalang, and was named "Prince Zhuang" by Emperor Shunzhi. At this time, he had been dead for 40 years.

Shuerhaqi's tomb is very simple. The back yard is a tomb, and the front yard is a stele Pavilion. It is said that the stele was erected in the Shunzhi period, and the stele pavilion was repaired in the Guangxu period. Beside the tomb of shuerhaqi, a smaller courtyard is the tomb of Chu Ying, Nurhaci's eldest son. There is no stone tablet, just a grave bag.

Tomb of Chu Ying

As the eldest son of Nuerhachi, Chu Ying was once established as the successor. However, it was also a fight for power, and it was common for her father and brother to turn against each other. Chu Ying failed in the end and was imprisoned. She died two years later (1615) at the age of 36. The cause of her death was unknown. The rulers of the Qing Dynasty did not set up a monument for Chu Ying, but his son, nikan Yingong, was still named prince.

Maurhazi and his son's tomb

The tomb is more than 100 meters away from the tombs of shuerhaqi and Chuying, but it is submerged in the village houses, which is more simple than the other two mausoleums. The door of the tomb is locked, and corn fields are all outside the courtyard wall. You can see several stone tablets towering over the wall in the courtyard.

Murhachi is the half brother of Nurhachi. Taki had five sons. The eldest son was Nurhachi, the second son was murhachi, the third son was shurhachi, the fourth son was yarhachi, and the fifth son was bayala. They were all called Baylor at that time. Mulhazi died in 1620 at the age of 60. Darcha, the second son of murhazi, was buried with his father after his death. Therefore, there are two tombs in this cemetery, murkhazi in the West and darcha in the East.

In the cemetery, there are three stone tablets, two of which were built in the 10th year of Kangxi: Duoluo Yongzhuang beilemuerhaqi tablet and Gangyi Fuguo Gongda Ercha tablet. The other one was set up in 1936 by sun Baoxi and Xi Qia, the 10th emperor of murkhazi.

Traffic information

Address: dongjingling village, dongjingling street, Wensheng District, Liaoyang City, Liaoning Province

13. No.23 bus is available. You can also take the long-distance bus from Liaoyang City to lighthouse City from Liaoyang passenger transport center and get off at Lingcun, Tokyo.

Longitude: 123.27799987793

Latitude: 41.311798095703

Chinese PinYin : Dong Jing Ling