Heilonggong Nature Reserve

Heilonggong Nature Reserve

Heilonggong nature reserve is located in the north of Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province, with a total area of 3600 hectares, mainly for the protection of Rana chensinensis (also known as Rana chensinensis and Rana Heilongjiang).

brief introduction

It is a typical basin with undulating mountains, crisscross gullies, complex terrain, crisscross distribution of forests and streams, abundant water and grass. It is suitable for frogs to overwinter, lay eggs and hatch. The density and quantity of Rana chensinensis are large. It is the main base of Rana chensinensis in Heilongjiang Province. It is known as "Rana pond". Plant resources are rich, the main tree species are poplar, birch and elm, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Tilia, and acanthopanax senticosus, asarum, Lily and other medicinal plants. Wild animals include black bear, wild boar, roe deer, red deer, sable, etc. Birds include woodpecker, Shrike, owl, cuckoo, etc. Amphibians include forest frog and rain frog. Forest frog, together with flying dragon bird, bear paw and Hericium erinaceus, is known as "four mountain treasures of Heilongjiang". Meat varies with seasons and tastes different. There are fatty substances in female abdomen, called "toad oil" or "pheasant oil", which contain protein fat, fat, sugar, vitamins and hormones needed by human beings. In 1982, with the approval of the provincial people's government, Heilonggong Nature Reserve was established, covering a total area of 3600 hectares. The main protected objects are Rana chensinensis and its habitat.

geographical position

The reserve is located in Heilonggong Town, Shangzhi City, Heilongjiang Province.

natural environment

The reserve is a low mountain basin swamp with many naturally formed bogs. The annual average temperature is 2-2.2 ℃, the frost free period is 120-125 days, and the annual precipitation is 700-750 mm.

plant resources

The plants in the reserve are mainly natural secondary broad-leaved forest. At an altitude of more than 500 meters, poplar and birch are dominant, elm, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Tilia bassiana and so on are interspersed, and clove, hazelnut, Sorbaria sorbifolia and Spiraea are dominant. Below 500 meters belongs to the firewood forest belt. Medicinal plants are Acanthopanax senticosus, asarum, lily, etc. The third grade national protected plants are Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, acanthopanax senticosus, etc.

（1） Asarum herb:

Magoulingke plants, also known as yanbaguohua, fine ginseng. Perennial herb, 12-35 cm high, with 2-3 leaves at the end of stem, heart-shaped to kidney shaped, and petiole about 15 cm long. Single flower terminal, perianth tube shaped, purple brown. Capsule fleshy, hemispherical. The flowering period is May and the fruiting period is June. The medicinal material is whole grass with roots. It has the functions of dispelling wind, relieving pain and running water. Indications: wind cold headache, phlegm cough, rheumatic arthralgia.

（2） Lily:

Liliaceae, also known as rolling curtain flower, tiger lily. Perennial herbs. It is 80-150 cm in height with sessile leaves and bulbils in upper axils. Inflorescence racemose, orange red flowers, drooping, pedicel 6.5-8.5 cm long, perianth reversed, with purple black spots. The flowering period is from July to August and the fruiting period is from August to October. The medicinal material is the scale on the bulb. It has the functions of moistening lung, relieving cough, clearing heart and calming mind. It is mainly used for chronic cough of pulmonary tuberculosis, palpitation and trance.

Animal resources

The animals in the reserve include black bear, wild boar, roe deer, badger, etc.; birds include spotted woodpecker, Shrike, owl, cuckoo, etc.; amphibians include Chinese forest frog, rain frog, etc. State protected animals include otters and so on.

Rana chensinensis, also known as Rana harzianum, is the main protected object in the nature reserve. Oviductus Ranae is the dry body of Rana chensinensis after evisceration. The dried oviduct of its female body is called Rana Ranae, which is a kind of precious Chinese medicinal material. It is mainly distributed in the north of the Yangtze River, with the northeast as the most, inhabiting in forest, forest edge, forest meadow, paddy field and riverside meadow. The habitat varies with seasons and can be divided into four periods

(1) During the breeding period, from early April to early May, the eggs are laid in the still water with a depth of 20-30 cm, through the stages of leaving the river, mating, oviposition and dormancy after reproduction;

(2) In the uphill stage, after 15 days of terrestrial reproductive dormancy, adult frogs migrate from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain from early May to mid May;

(3) Forest life cycle: from the middle of May to the end of August, we choose the wet plants on the shady slope to inhabit, which is the peak feeding period;

(4) Hibernation period, from the beginning of September to the middle and late March of the next year, when the temperature drops to about 10 ℃, gradually into the river hibernation, can be divided into river period, scattered hibernation, social hibernation.

Forest frog mainly preys on Coleoptera insects, which plays a certain role in restricting the number of forest insects. At the same time, it is also the food of forest animals such as otter, mink and weasel, which is an indispensable part of the balance of forest ecosystem.

Rana Ranae contains Rana alcohol and rich ATP, which has the effect of treating infantile muscle sores and umbilical injuries, relieving pain and so on. Oviductus Ranae contains protein, fat, sugar, vitamins and trace elements. It has the functions of tonifying kidney and essence, moistening lung and nourishing yin. Rana chensinensis is an animal resource with high economic value for both medicine and food. However, in recent years, due to deforestation, pollution, overfishing and other factors, resources are facing the danger of depletion and extinction.

Address: Heilonggong Township, Shangzhi City, Harbin City

Longitude: 127.90153774603

Latitude: 45.429509826825

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Gong Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu