Chaqingsongduo white lipped Deer Nature Reserve

Chaqingsongduo white lipped Deer Nature Reserve

Chaqingsongduo white lipped Deer Nature Reserve is located in Baiyu County, Sichuan Province. It is a National Nature Reserve of forest and wildlife type, which mainly protects rare wild animals such as white lipped deer, leopard, Golden Eagle and their natural ecosystems. In Ganzi Prefecture Baiyu County Ma Rong Township territory. It was established in 1995. The total area is 1436.826 square kilometers. There are 8 kinds of national first-class key protected animals, 23 kinds of national second-class key protected animals and 4 kinds of provincial key protected animals.

brief introduction

Qingsongduo nature reserve is located in mafong Township, Baiyu County, Sichuan Province. It is a state-level nature reserve mainly for protecting rare wild animals such as white lipped deer, leopard, Golden Eagle and their natural ecosystems. The total area is 1436.826 square kilometers. The minimum altitude of the reserve is 3600 meters, the maximum altitude is 5725 meters, and the relative elevation difference is 2200 meters. There are many kinds of rare animals inhabiting here, which are rare in China and regarded as a paradise for rare animals. There are more than 3000 White Deer lips in the area, accounting for two-thirds of the world's stock. In addition, there are a large number of first-class national protected animals, such as leopard, snow leopard, black necked Crane, black stork, Golden Eagle, jade belt sea eagle, green tailed pheasant, and 44 second-class national protected animals, such as argali, rock sheep, gazelle, mountain donkey, Tibetan gazelle, water deer, white buttock deer, forest musk deer, golden cat, stone leopard, swan, Tibetan pheasant, etc. In addition, there are primitive species of naked fish in the alpine lakes of chaqingsongduo.

Geography

Chaqingsongduo nature reserve is located in the southeast of Baiyu County, Sichuan Province,

Its geographical location is between 99 ° 11 ′ ~ 99 ° 42 ′ E and 30 ° 33 ′ ~ 31 ° 06 ′ n, and it is administratively under the jurisdiction of mafong Township, Anzi Township, nata Township and AChA Township in Baiyu county. In the East, it is bounded by Nata Township, Baiyu county and Xinlong County; in the west, it is bounded by the watershed to the west of Maqu River; in the south, it is bounded by Baiyu County, Batang County and Litang County; in the north, it is bounded by the collective forest and state-owned forest of mafong township; and in the north, it is bounded by the watershed between ruodanggou and hapico county. It is 56.5 km long from north to South and 50.6 km wide from east to west, with a total area of 1436.826 square kilometers Woodland.

Regional profile

Chaqingsongduo Nature Reserve was established in 1995. The total area is 1436.826 square kilometers. There are 8 species of China's first-class key protected animals, 23 species of China's second-class key protected animals and 4 species of Sichuan Province's key protected animals. Chaqingsongduo nature reserve is composed of magongga, the second largest glacier in Ganzi Prefecture, nata Lake Black necked Crane wetland reserve and Yaqing temple. It is located in Hengduan Mountain System of 25 biodiversity rich areas in the world, which has obvious typical significance for the protection of world biodiversity. The minimum elevation of the reserve is 3600m, the maximum elevation is 5725m, and the relative elevation difference is 2200m, resulting in complex terrain, diverse climate types, obvious vertical vegetation spectrum and diverse ecosystems (forests, grasslands, meadows, wetlands). The nature reserve is a demonstration base for the sustainable development of natural ecological resources, with beautiful mountains and rivers, rugged and varied lakes, fish flying at the bottom, green shade towering over the sky, colorful flowers, fresh air, refreshing people's heart, and various rare birds and beasts in a leisurely and varied manner.

The biodiversity of chaqingsongduo nature reserve is well preserved. Many areas are completely well preserved virgin forest, shrub or meadow ecosystems, which make it a natural area with great conservation value. The reserve is located in the source area of the Yangtze River, which is an important water conservation area of the Yangtze River. The dense canopy layer, thick moss, litter layer, humus rich soil and large area of alpine meadow and wetland system of chaqingsongduo forest ecosystem make it able to conserve water resources, stabilize river flow and play a significant role in the sustainable utilization of water resources. Its original ecosystem and rich biodiversity, on the one hand, can be used to develop eco-tourism, become a multi-functional tourism destination of ecology, sightseeing, scientific research, leisure, exploration and so on, and provide tourists with high-level places to enjoy the natural scenery, so that tourists can receive science education of biodiversity and ecological knowledge while enjoying the natural scenery. On the other hand, it can also provide tourists with high-level places to enjoy the natural scenery It can provide a base for researchers and students to explore nature and study biodiversity.

natural environment

The nature reserve is located in the southeastern margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, with a wide range of gullies, complex terrain and obvious climate characteristics. It is an important soil and water conservation area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and an important base for biodiversity conservation in Western China. The forest vegetation in the area is well preserved, the natural landscape is beautiful, the scenery is beautiful, and the biological resources are very rich. The topography and structure in Baotou area are complex, most of them are in the shape of "evil". The slope and valley are deep, the river cutting depth is deep, and the slope surface changes greatly.

There are no villagers living in the scenic area, and the original state of forest vegetation is complete. The dense canopy layer, thick moss, dead branch layer and government vegetation in the forest ecosystem, rich soil and large area of alpine meadow and wetland system make it able to conserve water resources, stabilize river flow, and make use of water resources. Therefore, it is an important water conservation area in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The natural conditions are suitable for the survival of 11 national first-class protected animals, mainly white lipped deer. The white lipped deer is distributed intensively, and its population accounts for more than two-thirds of the world's stock. The rich animal species are a huge biological gene pool, forming a unique natural ecological kingdom. Chaqingsongduo ecotourism area is composed of the second largest glacier in magongga Ganzi Prefecture, nata Lake Black necked Crane wetland reserve and Yaqing temple.

Geology and geomorphology

The Nature Reserve belongs to the southeast extension of the Shaluli mountains. The tectonic system is kangzang "bad" shaped structural system. The lengdi chaqingsongduo fault is absent from the strata except Jurassic and Cretaceous. The intrusive rocks of magma are mainly intermediate acid, with diorite, granite, biotite and so on. The geological structure is complex, the terrain changes greatly, and the cutting is serious. According to the terrain characteristics, the terrain is relatively flat in the northeast and Southeast, and steep slope and deep valley in the northwest and southwest. The main soil structure is sandy loam, including mountain brown soil, mountain dark brown soil and subalpine meadow soil. In the nature reserve, affected by the distribution of vegetation, mountain brown soil, gray brown soil and brown forest soil are mainly distributed from 3200m to 4000m above sea level, alpine meadow soil and swamp meadow soil are distributed from 3900m to 4500m, and alpine cold desert soil and liushitan landform are distributed above 4500m.

climate

The Nature Reserve belongs to the subtropical climate zone, because it is located in the eastern part of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, coupled with high altitude and special topography characteristics, forming a unique continental monsoon plateau climate. Dry and wet seasons are distinct, daily temperature difference is big, dry, cold, sufficient sunshine, climate three-dimensional characteristics are obvious, vertical difference is big. From low to high, it can be divided into three vertical climate zones: Mountain cold temperate zone (3250-3750 m), alpine sub cold zone (3750-4300 m) and alpine cold zone (above 4300 m). At 3600 m, the annual average temperature is 4 ℃ - 7 ℃; at 3800 m, the annual average temperature is 3 ℃ - 4 ℃; at 3800-4400 m, the annual average temperature is - 1 ℃ - 2 ℃; above 4900 m, the annual average temperature is lower than - 3.8 ℃. The hottest month in the county is July, with the monthly average temperature of 15.8 ℃ and the highest extreme value of 39.4 ℃; the coldest month is January, with the monthly average temperature of - 1.6 ℃ and the extreme temperature of - 19.2 ℃. The annual precipitation is 500-700 mm, mainly from late May to early October. The annual evaporation is 1863.9 mm, the average relative humidity is 52%, the annual sunshine hours is 2133.6 h, the maximum wind speed is 40 m / s, and the dominant wind direction is northwest wind. In the area of 3500-4000 m above sea level, the frost free period is 122-144 days, and the annual rainfall is 574.9-600.6 mm.

hydrology

The shimenkeya mountain in the Shaluli mountain system divides the reserve into the eastern plateau and hilly area and the Western Alpine and canyon area, so that the water system of the reserve flows out through songqu and ouqu. The larger rivers in the reserve are Maqu River, such as danggou River and Changqu River, with a flow of about 185km. There are 12 main streams and gullies, most of which originate from magongga snow mountain in the nature reserve. Among them, Maqu river is 60 kilometers long, with annual flow of 11 cubic meters. For example, danggou river is 75 kilometers long, with annual flow of 8 cubic meters, with annual average runoff of 349.63 million cubic meters; Changqu river is 50 kilometers long, with annual flow of 27.5 cubic meters, with annual runoff of 192.67 million cubic meters. In the eastern part of the reserve, there are three large plateau lakes, namely, mailajiangcuo (with a surface area of 200 hectares), kenlongcuo (with a surface area of 100 hectares) and jianlongcuo (with a surface area of 120 hectares), with a water storage capacity of 70 million cubic meters.

Biological resources

The reserve is located in the "triangle" area where human activities are rare, and wild animals are widely distributed. According to the preliminary statistics of the scientific investigation report of Sichuan chaqingsongduo white lipped Deer National Nature Reserve, there are nearly 200 species of vertebrates, 213 species of insects and 14 species of animals in the reserve

Chinese PinYin : Cha Qing Song Duo Bai Chun Lu Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu