Taishun corridor bridge

Taishun corridor bridge

Taishun corridor bridge refers to the well preserved wooden arch bridges of Tang, song, Ming and Qing Dynasty in Taishun. Its quantity, craftsmanship, modeling beauty and harmony with the surrounding environment are unique in the history of bridges in the world. It is the representation of the Hongqiao structure in the picture of Qingming River.

Taishun bridges are inlaid in the mountains like gems, which has attracted the attention of experts at home and abroad. At the same time, it also ushered in the upsurge of characteristic tourism of Taishun bridges.

Up to now, there are 46 covered bridges in various periods in Taishun. Among them, 19 covered bridges were listed as provincial cultural relics protection units in 2005, and 15 covered bridges were listed as national key cultural relics protection units in 2008.

National key cultural relics protection units: Beijian bridge, Xidong bridge, Sanqiao bridge, Xianju bridge, Wenxing bridge, xuezhaiqiao bridge, Wenzhong bridge, Nanyang bridge, Xiaguang bridge, Chiyuan bridge, pubin bridge, Chengshui bridge, liuzhaiqiao bridge, Yongqing bridge, Yuwen bridge.

Provincial cultural relics protection units: the above 15 and Nanxi bridge, Dengyun bridge, Xiazhuang bridge, Duntou bridge.

Basic introduction

Gallery bridge refers to the bridge with Gallery House. The corridor bridges in Taishun, Wenzhou, can be roughly divided into several types, such as the braided beam wooden arch bridge, the eight shaped brace wooden arch bridge, the Muping corridor bridge, and the stone arch bridge, among which the braided beam wooden arch bridge has the most cultural relic value. China's weaving beam wooden arch bridges are concentrated in the mountains at the junction of Zhejiang and Fujian, such as Taishun, Qingyuan and Jingning in Zhejiang Province, Shouning, Gutian and lianjiang in Fujian Province. Taishun is commonly known as "centipede bridge" because its structure is very similar to the shape of centipede

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Protection level: (Taishun corridor bridge) national key cultural relics protection unit

Qing Dynasty

Time of publication: May 25, 2006

Taishun is a mountainous county in the south of Zhejiang Province. It is adjacent to Wencheng in the northeast, Jingning in the northwest and Fujian Province in the south, with a total area of 1700 square kilometers. It is known as "nine mountains, half water and half farmland". There are 179 peaks with an average altitude of more than 490 meters. In history, in order to avoid disaster and chaos, many celebrities and sages moved to Taishun, a "paradise" with ups and downs and few people. They created a local civilization with mountainous pastoral characteristics and left a very precious historical and cultural heritage. Taishun corridor bridge is one of the most outstanding representatives.

There are many folk bridges in Taishun, and there are many types of structures. According to Taishun traffic records, by the end of 1987, there were 958 existing bridges in the county, with a total length of 16829 meters. Among them, 476 bridges were built before liberation, with a total length of 7923 meters. There are more than 30 bridges in Ming and Qing Dynasties, including wooden arch bridge, Muping bridge and stone arch bridge. Among them, there are 18 wooden arch bridges which occupy an important position in the history of bridge in the world

. They are Sixi sister bridge (Beijian bridge, Xidong bridge), sankui xuezhai bridge, Xianju bridge, Xiaocun Wenxing bridge and santiao bridge. Wooden arch bridge with short wood, through the vertical and horizontal intersection, like a rainbow flying across the wide water, its ingenious structure, amazing!

On May 25, 2006, as an ancient building of Qing Dynasty, Taishun corridor bridge was approved by the State Council to be listed in the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

The beginning of Taishun corridor bridge can be traced back to the middle of Ming Dynasty, and most of the existing bridges were built in Qing Dynasty. There are a large number of them, and they have a certain group advantage. In particular, the wooden arch bridge only exists in the mountainous area at the junction of Zhejiang and Fujian, which has a typical regional particularity and high historical, scientific and artistic value. It provides an important example for the study of the origin and development of wooden arch bridge.

Liu Jie, a lecturer at Shanghai Jiaotong University, thinks that "centipede bridge" is similar to centipede in structure. In fact, the common people's name of "centipede bridge" has been inherited from generation to generation, and the mechanical principle of wooden arch bridge is unlikely to be explored in depth. In remote mountainous counties with closed traffic, few people know the extremely important historical and cultural value of "centipede bridge" in the history of Chinese Bridge Development. It was not until the end of 1970s that Taishun was discovered by people of insight. On November 12, 1996, China Photo daily published Xiao Yunji's graphic report of "the remains of the South Zhejiang corridor bridge" in one third of the front page, and adopted the name of "corridor bridge" for the first time. Since then, the central, provincial and municipal news units and scholars at home and abroad have come to Taishun to interview, investigate and study. Taishun corridor bridge, a national treasure, has attracted extensive attention at home and abroad.

The origin of corridor bridge

As the name suggests, "gallery bridge" is a bridge with eaves. In the history of Taishun, the villages are scattered and the traffic is remote. It's hard to see people when people go out for more than ten miles. According to the "traffic planning" of the ancestors of Taishun, a rain and wind Pavilion should be built on the side of the main road (Stone Road) with a certain distance. The construction of eaves on the bridge can not only protect the timber bridge from the erosion of sunshine and rain, but also play the role of wind and rain Pavilion. Some bridges have rooms for people to live in. However, the term "Langqiao" has only been adopted in Taishun in recent years. For hundreds of years, Taishun people have always called the wooden arch bridge "centipede bridge". In fact, the wooden arch bridge has no "centipede foot".

Corridor bridge is a place for local people to rest, exchange and trade. For example, the evenly divided stalls on the Beijian bridge are like the prosperous scene of Wuma street in Wenzhou. There is a small shop street at the end of the bridge. The first floor is a shop, and the second floor is for the owner to live. It must be the most expensive place. According to local old people, puppet shows used to be staged at the end of Beijian bridge, while thousands of people gathered at the other end. Generally, there are shrines for villagers to sacrifice in the corridor bridges. Some of them are not located in the bridge house, but on one side or facing the road at the end of the bridge. The objects of sacrifice include Buddhist mission, such as Guanyin Bodhisattva, door god Shencha and Yulei, Yuchi Gong and Qin Qiong, as well as the righteous emperor Tiandi, Wenchang emperor who can bring good luck to scholars and Zhao Gongming, the God of wealth who helps people get rich. There are also some people known to the local people, such as Mrs. Chen Shishi, Ma Xiangu, King Zhonglie and so on. In addition, it also worships the miscellaneous gods and demigods in charge of all aspects of real life. The first day and the fifteenth day of each month can be sacrificed, and the first month of each year is the most solemn period of sacrifice. The villagers gathered in all directions, placed a whole pig's head, added two plates of seasonal fruits, inserted a few sticks of incense, and kowtowed to pray.

geographical position

Taishun is a mountainous county in the south of Zhejiang Province. It is adjacent to Wencheng in the northeast, Jingning in the northwest and Fujian Province in the south, with a total area of 1700 square kilometers. It is known as "nine mountains, half water and half farmland".

Corridor bridges are mainly distributed in sankui Town, Luoyang Town, Sixi Town, Xiaocun town and ZhouLing township of Taishun County. There are shuttle buses between the towns, so the traffic is very convenient, which is suitable for self driving or self-help travel. The main bridges are distributed as follows:

Luoyang Town: Xianju bridge;

ZhouLing township: three bridges, Yuwen bridge;

Three Kui Town: xuezhaiqiao, liuzhaiqiao, Yongqing bridge;

Xiaocun Town: Wenxing bridge, Dongyang bridge;

Sixi Town: Xidong bridge, Beijian bridge, Nanyang bridge.

In addition to the corridor bridge, Shishui dingbu in Shiyang Town, Hu's courtyard in Xuexi Township, Bao's ancestral hall in Sixi Town, and xu'aodi ancient village in Xiaocun town are all famous tourist attractions, which are reflected with the Taishun corridor bridge.

Natural climate

Taishun is a subtropical marine monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, mild climate and abundant rainfall. There is no severe heat in summer and no severe cold in winter. The average temperature in summer is 25.1 ℃ and the average temperature in winter is 14.7 ℃. The annual rainfall is 2000mm and the frost free period is 280 days. Taishun is mountainous and offshore with frequent thunderstorms and abundant rainfall. The precipitation is the most in June and the least in December. The period of spring rain is from March to April, with more rainy days and less rainfall intensity. May to June is the Meiyu period, with more rainstorms and heavy rainfall. July to September is the period of typhoon thunderstorm.

Type structure

There are a large number of existing ancient corridor bridges in Taishun County, including wooden arch bridge, Eight Legged arch bridge, wooden cantilever bridge, wooden flat beam bridge, stone arch bridge, etc., with 17 corridor bridges such as santiao bridge, Wenxing bridge and Yongqing bridge as representatives, with unique shape and beautiful environment. The wooden arch of the wooden arch bridge is a single hole octagonal shape, which is more suitable for the actual situation that the mountain streams often soar. Its "three fold edge", "five fold edge" and "cross bracing" wooden arch frame has become mature, with the maximum span of 34.50 meters. It has solved many mechanical problems of the wooden arch bridge scientifically. The corridor house has a beautiful shape. The whole body is covered with scales and nailed with "wind and rain boards". The beams are mostly made of nine purlins and four columns, and five beams are used to lift the beams. It is relatively simple, and the eaves are far-reaching, which is quite song style.

In the 1970s, Mr. Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, organized scientists to carry out on-the-spot investigation and comparative research on the laminated timber arch bridges in southern Zhejiang. It was determined that a large number of the laminated timber arch bridges preserved in the mountainous areas of southern Zhejiang were the Hongqiao structures prevailing in the Central Plains in the Northern Song Dynasty. Four wooden arch bridges in Taishun were included in the technical history of ancient Chinese bridges edited by Mao Yisheng. Taishun corridor bridge is famous all over the world. Its structure is very similar to the Hongqiao bridge in the picture of Qingming River painted by Zhang Zeduan in the Northern Song Dynasty. It is an arch bridge formed by inserting beams and wood, which looks like a rainbow, so it is called Hongqiao. In the history of Chinese Bridge, it has a very high position. It is known as China's four ancient bridges together with Anji bridge (Zhaozhou Bridge) in Zhaoxian County of Hebei Province, Wan'an bridge in Quanzhou and Guangji Bridge in Haiyang County of Chaozhou. Three of them are still preserved in the world, but bianshui is not

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