West Ordos National Nature Reserve

West Ordos National Nature Reserve

The West Ordos National Nature Reserve is located in the west of Etuoke Banner and Wuhai City of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It was established with the approval of the people's Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1995 and promoted to the national level in 1997, with a total area of 436116.40 hectares.

The main objects of protection are ancient and endangered plants such as Tetraena mongolica, Helianthus semipinnata and desert ecosystem, belonging to desert ecosystem type nature reserve. The West Ordos National Nature Reserve is a "refuge" for many rare animals and plants, especially for the ancient relic plants, due to its unique climatic characteristics, topography and paleogeographic environment.

Historical evolution

In 1995, the people's Government of West Ordos City established the nature reserve.

In December 1997, it was approved by the State Council and promoted to National Nature Reserve.

geographical environment

position

The West Ordos National Nature Reserve is located across Etuoke Banner and Wuhai City. Its geographical coordinates are 106 ° 44 ′ 32.59 ″ - 107 ° 44 ′ 26.300 ″ E and 39 ° 15 ′ 02.98 ″ - 40 ° 09 ′ 14.820 ″ n. The reserve covers an area of 436116.40 hectares.

landforms

The West Ordos National Nature Reserve is a part of the Ordos paleocontinent 3.6 billion years ago, which was formed by the third Himalayan uplift of the ancient Mediterranean immersion area.

climate

The climate of West Ordos National Nature Reserve belongs to the typical temperate continental climate, which is dry and rainy, windy and Sandy.

Regional scope

In 2018, the Administration Bureau of West Ordos National Nature Reserve of Ordos City entrusted the Institute of geological surveying and mapping of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to carry out exploration and verification on the territory of Etuoke nature reserve, and completed the "approval report on exploration and determination boundary of the scope and functional zoning of West Ordos National Nature reserve". After approval, the scope of the nature reserve is east longitude: 106 ° 44 ′ 32.59 ″ - 107 ° 44 ′ 26.300 ″ north latitude: 39 ° 15 ′ 02.98 ″ - 40 ° 09 ′ 14.820 ″. The reserve covers an area of 436116.40 hectares, including 137128.94 hectares of core area, 53784.17 hectares of buffer area and 245203.29 hectares of experimental area.

According to the general plan for the construction of West Ordos National Nature Reserve formulated in 1998, there are five core areas, four buffer areas, and the rest are experimental areas (including one rare plant breeding area, two tourist areas, one industrial control area, and one Desert Botanical Garden).

Iqbula core area: 18500 hectares. The main plant community types are red sand, Artemisia ordosica, semidiurnal flower, Tetraena mongolica, etc. Its buffer area is 6300 hectares.

West Inner Mongolia core area: an area of 12900 hectares. The main plant community types are Tetraena mongolica, semidiurnal flower, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, red sand, pearl, Poa pratensis, Overlord, etc. Its buffer area is 4100 hectares.

Albas core area: it is set up for the protection of desert steppe, grassland desert community and its transition zone, covering an area of 38000 hectares. Its buffer area is 2100 hectares.

Wuhai Tetraena mongolica core area: it is set up for the protection of Tetraena mongolica community, with an area of 4900 hectares. It is the best growing area of Tetraena mongolica community in the nature reserve. It is located on the platform between Zhuozishan and gangdeger mountains.

Qipanjing core area of Helianthus seminiflora: it is set up to protect the community of Helianthus seminiflora, covering an area of 8000 hectares. The type of community in this area is simple, and most of them belong to the community with hibiscus semipinnata as the constructive species. Its buffer area is 4600 hectares.

Experimental Area:

1. The area of desert botanical garden is 2700 hectares.

2. Wuhai rare plant breeding area, covering an area of 5518 hectares.

3. Huyang island tourist area is composed of five small islands in the Yellow River section, covering an area of 70 hectares.

4. Stone Canyon tourist area, covering an area of 2620 hectares.

5. Industrial control area: located in the East and south of Wuhai sihemu core area, covering an area of 3712 hectares.

Protection target

Protected objects

The main protected objects of West Ordos National Nature Reserve are endangered plants and desert ecosystem, such as Tetraena mongolica and Helianthus semipinnata.

plant resources

As of 2011, 335 species of wild plants (more than 120 species of wild animals) have been identified in the reserve, including 7 species of national key protected plants, namely Tetraena mongolica, Helianthus semipinnata, Ranunculus spinosa, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Gerbera bracteata, Amygdalus mongolicus, Populus euphratica, etc. the rare and endangered plants in Inner Mongolia autonomous region include Tetraena mongolicus, Helianthus semipinnata, Ranunculus mongolicus, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Gerbera mongolicus and Amygdalus mongolicus 13 species, such as Syringa oblongata, Phellodendron amurense, queerdou, Hongsha LONGYE, Huangqin Alashan, bailongchuancai, Qinglan shrubbery, etc., are listed in the priority protection list of plants in China's biodiversity protection action plan, including: banrihua, gebaoju, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, mianci, sihemu, etc. There are 72 species of ancient relic species and other endangered plants in the nature reserve. Among them, Tetraena mongolica and Helianthus semipinnata are the relic species of the Tertiary period, which have been 70 million years ago and are praised as "giant panda" and "living fossil" by experts and scholars.

Animal resources

In history, the West Ordos region is a wildlife rich area in the west of Inner Mongolia. For a long time, due to frequent human activities, especially the injection of modern industry, many wildlife species have disappeared from this area. For example, the rock sheep and vulture in taizhushan mountain, the Procapra przewalskii and the Yellow sheep in the eastern wavy plateau, etc. There are only a few species of large and medium-sized mammals, such as sheep, wolf, red fox and so on.

Development and utilization

Tourism information

The West Ordos National Nature Reserve is also a tourist attraction. There are unique ethnic customs, natural and cultural historical sites in Ordos. The most famous are the national treasure Arzhai grottoes, the highest peak of Ordos, the table mountain, the famous Diyan temple, the magical baiyanjing and the Grand Canyon.

scientific research

The study of biodiversity in Ordos has always been the focus of biologists, ecologists and geographers at home and abroad. In the late 19th century and the early 20th century, Russians, French and Japanese all investigated here and published relevant research reports. In the 1960s, Li Bo, Chen Changdu, Yong Shipeng, Liu Zhongling and Zhao Xianying represented the comprehensive investigation team of Ningxia Inner Mongolia of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to investigate the flora and vegetation in this area. In the 1980s, Huang Zhaohua, Dong Guangrong and Zhang Qiang represented the Chinese Academy of Sciences to study in Hubei Province In the 1990s, Li Bo applied remote sensing technology to conduct a comprehensive investigation of natural resources and environment in Ordos. In the list of priority protected ecosystems in China's biodiversity action plan, the Albas mountains located in the West Ordos Plateau are designated as the first class of protected sites of international significance in China's desert grassland ecosystem, and the distribution of Tetraena mongolica (national second level protected plants), Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (national third level protected plants) and Nitraria japonica (national second level protected plants) are listed here Plants, Helianthus semipinnata, Amygdalus mongolicus, and Gerbera were listed as priority protected plants (Fuguo, 1992). Because of the unique plant composition and geological evolution process in this area, Zhao Yizhi has carried out special research on this area, The results showed that: 1) the plant morphological and biological characteristics were Liu guohou, 1998; the water physiological resistance was Zhou Yijun, 2001; Jiang Yong, 1999; Jiang Zhirong, 2000; Dong Guangrong, 1998; Yang Chi, 1998; the population and reproductive characteristics were Yang Chi, 2000, 2001; Wang Yingchun, 2000; Gao Runhong, 2000, 2006, 2007; the community was Xu Qing, 2000; Yang Chi, 1996, 20 01; Liu Jiaqiong, 1995; Li Qi, 1993; Tu Lizhu, 1994, 1990; Wang Yingchun, 2000; Han Shanhua, 19992000; Gao Runhong, 2001 and so on.

Management measures

Management organization

In 2001, the editorial board of Erdos City approved the Reserve Management Bureau as a sub department level organization, which is a full amount of financial withdrawal unit. At present, the Bureau has 1 Director (deputy department level), 3 deputy directors (section level), 1 leader assistance (section level), 2 section chief and 3 deputy section chief; 11 CPC members; 11 junior and senior professional and technical personnel, all with college degree or above; it has 5 departments including personnel secretary department, planning and finance department, resource management department, ecological monitoring department and project management department, subordinate to Mengxi and Yike There are two management and protection stations in Bula.

protective measures

1. Construction of management and Protection Station: including infrastructure and employment of management and protection personnel.

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