Shitan Village

Shitan Village

Shitan village, also known as Shixi and Shichuan, is an administrative village under the jurisdiction of Xiakeng Town, Shexian County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province. It is the third batch of traditional Chinese villages. It is located in the east of Xiakeng town and the north of Changxi Township, covering an area of 0.2 square kilometers.

The people of gushitan are good at doing business, which has created a well-developed business. There are many shops in the village. It is an important channel for Hui merchants in Jingde and Shexian county to go to Hangzhou by waterway through Xin'anjiang. In Shitan village, people's houses are built around the Huayuan river. They live in the back mountain. They take the natural rivers as veins, crisscross streets and alleys as networks, and the small and free layout of Huizhou architecture courtyard as muscle. There are ancient ancestral hall, ancient Shuikou, ancient temple, ancient bridge, ancient port, etc. in the village, especially the Xulun hall built in the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, with 100 beams, known as "Bailiang hall".

On November 17, 2014, Shitan village was listed in the list of the third batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture, the State Administration of cultural relics, the Ministry of finance, the Ministry of land and resources, the Ministry of agriculture and the National Tourism Administration of the people's Republic of China.

Village history

In 1137, Wu Wei, the eldest son of Wu Qigong, the ancestor of Shitan, moved to Shitan village.

During the period of the Republic of China, Shitan township was set up to administer the "upper four guarantees" and "lower six guarantees".

In 1949, Shitan district was set up.

In 1953, Shitan village was planned to build Shitan township.

In 1956, Shitan senior society was established.

In 1957, Shitan village was subordinate to Xiakeng township.

In 1958, the people's commune was established. Shitan village was subordinate to Xiakeng commune and set up Shitan management area.

In 1962, Shitan village planned to build Shitan commune.

In 1983, after the administrative restructuring, it was called Shitan township.

In 1992, Shitan village was merged into Xiakeng Township and Shitan administrative village was established.

geographical environment

Location context

Shitan village is located in the east of Xiakeng town and the north of Changxi Township, adjacent to Hushan, Lianfeng, Qishan, cuntou, Sanlian and other administrative villages. Its geographical coordinates are 118 ° 15 ′ - 118 ° 53 ′ E and 29 ° 30 ′ - 30 ° 7 ′ n, covering an area of 0.2 square kilometers.

topographic features

Shitan village is backed by the back mountain, looking at the front mountain, South by Liuting mountain, Huayuan river around the village. The landform is mainly low mountains and hills, with an altitude of 122-200 meters.

climate

The area where Shitan village is located belongs to the transition zone between the middle subtropical zone and the north subtropical zone.

hydrology

The whole village of Shitan village is near the river. The river in the village is called Huayuan river. There is a stream in the east of the village, which flows out from the valley, crosses the east of the village and joins Huayuan river.

Biological resources

The animals in Shitan village mainly include wild boar, Zhangzi, jackal, porcupine, etc.; the plants mainly include Zhuli, walnut, wild dense walnut, wild bamboo shoot, Jiagen, fern branch and fern root, etc.

Village characteristics

Site selection concept

Shitan village is close to the mountain and water, with beautiful mountains and rivers. It is in harmony with the topography, landscape and other natural scenery. When the village was selected, houses were built along the Huayuan river.

"Water" is the source of life, living close to water is the iron law of village construction; "convenience" is also an important condition to choose a livable place, that is, it is easy to draw water, easy to go out, easy to work and so on; "gathering" is the result of human nature. Although the formation of Shitan village has not been planned in advance, the natural development and integration of various surnames for thousands of years still shows these "rules".

spatial distribution

The layout of Shitan village is quite unique. The river in the village is called Huayuan river. The houses on the East and west sides of Huayuan River are built according to the river. There is an ancient quay deep beside the river. The road is paved with bluestone in the village, and the small bridge lies across the River, connecting the East and the West. It makes people feel like they are in a mountain village, but they are in a water town. In the east of the village, a small stream flows out from the valley, crosses the east of the village, flows out of the village and into the Huayuan River, which not only brings convenience to the villagers, but also forms a natural network of village protection.

Shitan village uses its own natural environment to build around the river (Huayuan River) and the mountain (back mountain), which is like a bird's nest. It is surrounded by natural rivers, crisscross streets and alleys, and small and free layout of Huizhou architecture courtyard. The buildings and pavilions in the village, the streets and alleys in the form of 18 streets, and the four ancient quays beside the village are integrated with the topography, landscape and other natural scenery.

Wisdom of building a village

The "dashengling" in Shitan village is in the shape of a snake. In order to prevent the "snake" from injuring the "Yan" (Shitan village is in the shape of a bird's Nest), the ancients built a hundred step stone step in dashengling. Thirty three stone pillars and thirty-two stone slabs are erected along the outer edge of the steps, with a total length of more than 30 meters. It is shaped like a centipede, implying the meaning of "centipede bites snake", so as to protect the village from disaster. This is the most famous "hundred steps".

Economic society

population

According to the official website of the June 2020 Digital Museum of China's traditional villages, the village of Shek Tan is mainly Han, with registered residence of 952 people and 550 permanent residents.

Economics

Shitan village is mainly engaged in Gongju, sericulture, tea making, migrant work and other industries.

There are natural wild cherries on the mountain of Shitan village, which are picked and sold by villagers. Therefore, wild cherries have become one of the economic sources of individual villagers.

According to the official website of Chinese traditional village digital museum in June 2020, the collective annual income of Shitan village is 50000 yuan, and the average annual income of villagers is 9800 yuan.

Main attractions

History and culture

historical figure

Traditional folk customs

festival activities

1. On the first day of the first lunar month, the spring festival celebrates the new year according to the old system.

2. On the fifteenth day of the first month, the Lantern Festival, also known as the Shangyuan Festival, is the day when the two gods of Wang Gongxian in the state of Yue were worshipped. According to the old rule, the pigs were slaughtered and sacrificed. At night, a long wooden pole was erected in the patio, which was more than two Zhang long. A bamboo stick was attached to the top of the pole and a piece of horizontal bamboo was put on it. The two ends of the bamboo were respectively tied with a nitrate tube, and the end of the board was also tied with a nitrate tube. The three nitrate tubes were in a cross shape, with nitrate lines, which were stained with nitrate sulfur and perpendicular to the ground. Then use the firecracker to touch the nitrate line to ignite the barrel. The fireworks are fired everywhere, and the horizontal bamboo pieces rotate like a fire tree. Because of its sliding, it was named Pai Ji. According to legend, it was called Huo Xiang in Taiping mountain. From the 15th to the 18th, it welcomed Zao Jun on the same day.

3. February 2 is the birthday of the land.

4. Qingming Festival, tomb sweeping sacrifice, farmers to sacrifice to the mountain god, called an Dou Miao.

5. On the fifth day of May, it is called Tianzhong Festival.

6. May 13, the birthday of emperor Guan, is more important than the mid day festival. Every household evaporates fermented rice flour and rice cake for offering. It is said that emperor Guan was born in the eastern Wu Dynasty. After his death, there were three thousand years of great fortune, so he respected him.

7. July 15, commonly known as the Zhongyuan Festival, each family to steamed pumpkin bean insects, bean knife fried Lai to worship ancestors.

8. On August 15, the Mid Autumn Festival, in the evening, they offer fruits and vegetarians to the patio. They are commonly known as offering moon god. Tong Er weaves straw as a giant braid. They guerrilla in the streets at night. It is said that they commemorate the killing of Mongolian Tartars in the Ming Dynasty.

9. On October 15, the Xiayuan festival was dedicated to the three officials, and most of the farmers were dedicated to the mountain gods.

10. November, winter solstice, ancestor worship.

11. On the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, paste rice noodles into rice balls or gold bars or Yuanbao shapes to send to Zaojun.

12. December 30, new year's Eve, day hanging Taigong Rong Xiang, burning incense at night to build a spring God, commonly known as heaven and earth.

 

Sacrifice and worship

1. March 3 is the birthday of the Arctic emperor. Every family goes to Zhenwu hall to pick incense.

2. September 9, Double Ninth Festival, Zhenwu hall incense club.

3. In the year of the leap moon, every February, a large-scale charity meeting was held, and the dragon boat was pasted with paper to serve the five emperors by the gods of the plague department, to welcome the prince Guanyin. During the first three days of fasting, killing was forbidden, and he was very devout. At the end of the period, cigarettes were still in full swing. Many people came from far away to gather. For five days, in the night fasting hall, Taoists changed their clothes several times on the suppression day of Prince zunshen hall, or dressed up or armed up, all of which were like costumes. It is said that Yan'an Lugong made trouble. The crown prince respected God and could suppress all evils, so he respected him. In ancient times, there was an array of five corners. Today, Taoists disguised themselves as Anlu mountain and pretended to resist the enemy. Li Guo attacked the array secretly and was captured. They slaughtered the sheep, opened the river, killed the rags and welcomed the banners. Yang Fei was the sheep, and the rags were the Anlu mountain. This means that the five banners belong to Sishan, the white flag to Zhishan, and the black flag to Jianshan Jurisdiction also, the red flag is Lishan, the yellow flag is Xulun temple, because of good will and points.

 

marriage and funeral

The traditional marriage custom of Shitan village in Huizhou strictly follows the orders of parents and the words of matchmakers. Generally, there are nine procedures: matchmaking, employment, appointment, marriage, face opening, wedding, worship, bridal chamber and return.

 

Genealogy and family precepts

Shitan village, historically linked by the clan relationship of the Wu family, has been a village inhabited by the same clan for more than 800 years. It has always kept one surname and one village. When the population was the largest in history, it was known as qianzaowanding. The genealogy of the Wu family with a history of nearly one thousand years is well preserved.

 

Products and food

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