Hozanji

Hozanji

Baoshan Temple, located in Shunchang County, Fujian Province, is now a national key cultural relic protection unit, which is known as the only one in Fujian Province. Baoshan Temple, also known as Baoling nunnery and Baoshan Temple, was first built in 1363 (the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty) and rebuilt in 1614 (the 42nd year of the Ming Dynasty). It is composed of the main hall built in the Yuan Dynasty and the mountain gate, front hall, wing room and Pavilion rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty.

brief introduction

Baoshan is located in the northwest of Shunchang County, Fujian Province. Its main peak is 1300 meters above sea level. It is adjacent to Wuyi Mountain in the north, Nanping Mangdang Mountain in the East and Jinhu Lake in Taining and Jiangle Yuhua cave in the West. It covers a total area of about 30 square kilometers and has a forest coverage rate of more than 95.9%. It has many precious tree species and plants protected by the state. The five wonders of Baoshan are Qifeng, Qishi, Foguang, Yunhai and sunrise, while the ancient temple made of sandstone and imitation wood and stone, thousand year old ginkgo and ten thousand mu bamboo forest are the three treasures of Baoshan. The main hall of Baoshan Temple, the South Gate of heaven, the great sage's tomb, the ape ancestor's stone, the water curtain cave and many other historic sites form the rich cultural landscape of Baoshan. "Five wonders" and primeval forests, exotic flowers and plants, rare birds and animals, especially groups of mountain monkeys constitute the unique natural landscape of Baoshan. Among them, the most famous are "five stones, three nunneries and three caves". They are not only dangerous, but also unique in charm. They are provincial scenic spots under construction and famous historical and mythical mountains in China. Baoshan Temple is a national key cultural relic protection unit, which is known as the national key cultural relic protection unit in the cultural heritage circle Rare, only in Fujian. Baoshan Temple, also known as Baoling nunnery and Baoshan Temple, was first built in 1363 of the Yuan Dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1614 of the Ming Dynasty. It is composed of the main hall built in the Yuan Dynasty and the mountain gate, front hall, wing room and pavilion rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty,

It covers an area of 362 square meters. The whole temple is made of stone instead of wood and imitation wood from the platform, floor, beam, roof to tile. The roof Watchboard is also made of rock. The architectural style has both the style of Tang and Song Dynasties and the characteristics of Yuan Dynasty. The main hall is an imitation wooden structure made of granite. It faces southeast and northwest. It is five rooms wide (15.8 meters) and four rooms deep (12.35 meters). It has a single eaves hanging on the top of the mountain. Except for the two main doors which are made of wood, the columns, beams, brackets, purlins, roofs, tiles, ridges, and beaks are all carved with stone. Therefore, the cross sections of the components are thick and thick, which is quite popular The characteristics of "fat beams and fat columns" in early wooden architecture. According to the analysis of the current situation, the original structure should be three rooms wide and four rooms deep. When it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty, it expanded the East, West and north to form the existing scale. There are nine rafters in the Ming Dynasty, four columns in front of the rafter house, and five columns in the back three rafters of the nine rafters in the second room. During the Ming Dynasty, the moon beam and shuttle shaped column were chiseled with huge stones, and the shuttle shaped column had obvious harvest. Most of the secondary rooms are carved with moon beams and purlins. The walls are more than 70 cm thick, and there is no need to insert braces between the ends. There are three types of column bases: double plain surface, single-layer basin type and eight petal lotus type, which are connected with the stone at the top of the column. At both ends of the flat beam, special-shaped arch, sparrow and other places are engraved with patterns, delicate and exquisite. Most of them are connected with the beam and square stone pieces, carved and shaped. The rafters and tiles are connected with the tenons on the left and right sides, and the roof is lifted and folded gently. The five beams and purlins are covered with stone tiles, and then covered with a layer of tiles. At both ends of the roof, there are carved stone fish shaped beaks, and in the middle of the main ridge, there are carved stone gourds. Under the purlin, there is an inscription: "on July 28, guimao's year 23, weidayuan Zhizheng, I raised all the tripods to build Shangzhu when I was in Jimao." and on purlin, Liang, Fang, Zhu, Bianqian, rafter and tile, there are more than ten yuan, Ming and Qing donation and maintenance inscriptions. It's just like a temple at the top of the mountain, with beams, columns, rafters and tiles. There are drum stones on both sides of the gate. Xumi base is set in the inner side of the patio on the left and right sides of the veranda, and lotus petal shaped pot door, tangled lotus and diamond pillar are carved at the waist.

The main hall of Baoshan Temple is the only one of the Yuan Dynasty hall buildings with stone imitated wood structure in Fujian Province. It is a real example of the architectural form and technology development of song and Yuan Dynasties in southern China. After many times of investigation and argumentation by experts and scholars, Baoshan Temple was identified as a rare excellent building of Yuan Dynasty in China. In September 1996, it was listed as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. On June 25, 2001, Baoshan Temple Hall was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Baoshan is closely related to the monkey culture. In the main hall of Baoshan Temple, the vivid "Baofeng ape ancestor" emerges from the broken stone. The South Gate on the top of Baoshan mountain is constructed of granite stone. At present, only the broken tiles are left, just like the Old Summer Palace. There is a Shuangsheng temple made of imitation wood and stone. A statue of the monkey king is worshipped in the shrine of the temple. There are two books on the left and right steles, namely, the great sage of Baofeng and the great sage of Tongtian. According to cultural relic experts, it was more than 150 years earlier than journey to the West. The couplets on the stone censers outside the main hall of Baoshan Temple are so loud that they say, "take the island of Kyushu as a tribute, and turn the people into evils.".

Overview of Baoshan

Baoshan scenic spot is located in Dagan Town, Shunchang County, Fujian Province, with convenient transportation. Yingxia railway runs through the whole area, and the highway is 16 kilometers away from 316 National Road, 40 kilometers away from Shunchang County, 110 kilometers away from Nanping, and 270 kilometers away from Fuzhou City. In the great Wuyi tourism circle of Northwest Fujian green triangle, it is 20 kilometers away from Jiangle Yuhua Cave (Taining Golden Lake) and 173 kilometers away from Wuyi Mountain. The scenic area is about 25 square kilometers, and the main peak is 1305 meters above sea level.

Baoshan is commonly known as "Shibaoshan", with a total area of 17 square kilometers for ecological resources management and protection. "The mountains are beautiful, the bamboo trees are green," and "the cliffs of Qifeng are moving more and more.". Qifeng, strange rocks, sea of clouds, sunrise and Buddha light can be called the "five wonders of Baoshan". The thousand year old ginkgo group, ten thousand mu bamboo forest, sandstone imitation wood stone structure ancient temple, known as "three treasures of Baoshan". Baoshan Temple, the only sandstone building of Yuan Dynasty in China, is one of the national key cultural relics protection units, including the main hall of Baoshan Temple, its affiliated cultural relics and many historic sites, forming a rich cultural landscape of Baoshan; the unique natural landscape of Baoshan is composed of strange peaks, strange rocks, secluded caves, waterfalls, primeval forests and strange flowers and plants; precious animals and animals such as golden monkey, rock sheep, brown bear, Silver Pheasant, bamboo chicken, flying fox, etc Known as the "fairy in the butterfly", the national first-class protected animal "Papilio aureus" and other rare species often appear in the forest; ginseng, Huanglian, qilidan, Dendrobium, Anoectochilus roxburghii, tulihua and other precious medicinal materials compete with Russula edodes, purple bamboo, Guanyinzhu; quartz, crystal stone, lead, zinc, tungsten, copper, gold and silver and other minerals give Baoshan rich "treasure" connotation.

According to the recent exploration, it has been found that there are more than 200 natural scenic spots in Baoshan scenic area, such as strange peaks, strange rocks, secluded caves, canyons, waterfalls and so on. There are still many scenic spots to be excavated. Baoshan has a high mountain climate. It is cool and pleasant in summer and has a large temperature difference with the foot of the mountain. It is a summer resort.

Thirty six scenes of Baoshan, namely ten cultural scenes: Baoshan Temple, great temple of Nantianmen, ganxianliao, ancient city on the top of the mountain, guxiaosuo, xianziyan, Gujing in front of the temple, Xiding Gujing, cliff carvings on Baoyan, and Baxian cave; twenty six natural scenes: shibaofeng, xianrufeng, Yupingfeng, Longji, Xingwen stone, Shixin stone, chessboard stone, spirit pilgrimage, jinjibaodan, Haishi Lianbao, Shengui Yinguang, and woniu Stone, Baofeng ape ancestor, Xianren leibi, Dishui cave, Shanli cave, Xianren bed, Guizi chair, ancient ginkgo group, viewing platform, Dianjiang platform, whale column head, woweiren, Hongbaoshu, Linkeng Canyon and Lianji waterfall are all familiar to tourists from far and near.

Temples and scenic spots

Main hall of Baoshan Temple

The hall was first built in 1363 (the 23rd year of the reign of emperor Zhizheng of the Yuan Dynasty). It is an all wood and stone building. According to the annals of Shunchang in Zhengde of Ming Dynasty, "Baoshan is located in Loushan city. It is steep and beautiful, and the peaks are in the second place. The peak is at the top of an nunnery, and the beams, columns, rafters and tiles are all made of broken stones.". Its beams and columns are made of coarse materials, which is in line with the aesthetic characteristics of fat beams and columns in early architecture. The stone components have high wood imitation procedures, exquisite carving, unique style, and high cultural, artistic and scientific value. After investigation by national experts, it is believed that there is only one in China. In 2001, it was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. In 2002, the State Administration of cultural relics has approved the maintenance plan and will allocate 1.5 million yuan for maintenance. In recent years, Baoshan Temple has attracted the attention of experts and scholars all over the country, and aroused the great interest of tourists from all over the country.

Tombstone of Shuangsheng

Shuangsheng temple, located behind the South Gate of Baoshan Temple, was built at the same time in the south gate. There are two tombstones dedicated to the joint burial of the monkey king brothers in the temple. The tombstones are engraved with such words as "the great sage of heaven" and "the great sage of heaven". Its tomb is more than 200 years earlier than Wu Chengen's journey to the west, which is a rare cultural relic and physical evidence for the study of local monkey culture and pre journey literature

Nantianmen is located at the top of the main peak of Baoshan mountain at an altitude of 1305 meters. It is one of the three Nunneries of Baoshan Temple (Nantianmen of Shangan Temple). It was built in 1391, the 24th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty. It was rebuilt in 1548, the 27th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty. Due to the erosion of wind and rain, the damage of thunder and lightning, and the damage during the cultural revolution, only the remains of the wooden and stone buildings with broken walls are left. The exquisite carvings of stone components and architectural remains are in sharp contrast to the "fat beams and fat columns" in the main hall of Baoshan. They are in the style of Ming Dynasty and are the national treasure of Baoshan Temple.

Wall carving in Song Dynasty

Carved with the words of "Qi Tian Da Sheng", the wall carving of the cave is located under the main peak of Baoshan mountain, which is commonly known as "Qi Tian Da Sheng" by local residents

Chinese PinYin : Bao Shan Si