The ancient battlefield of Yiting

The ancient battlefield of Yiting

It is located at the junction of Wujiagang district and Yiting District, Yichang City, Hubei Province. National Highway 318 crosses the Yangtze River and faces Jingmen mountain of Yidu city across the river. The terrain is dangerous. It is a competitive place for military strategists of all ages. The ancient battlefield is about 15 minutes' drive away from the Three Gorges Airport, Yichang east railway station, Yichang central urban area and the center of Yiting district. Yiting ancient battlefield is a rare ancient battlefield in the world. Countless wars have taken place here. Among them, the famous battles are: Baiqi burning Yiling, Gongsun Shujia floating bridge, the battle of Yiting in the Three Kingdoms, the Western Jin Dynasty burning Dongwu, fan Meng cutting Xiaoji, encircling Zheng to save Anshu, Yang Su breaking Chen, Tang army attacking Xiaomi at night, Wu Sangui defeating Yiling and so on. Today, there is an ancient plank road site of 1000 meters on the cliff of the ancient battlefield in Yiting. Li Bai, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, Du Fu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, and Bai Juyi, a great poet, all left poems handed down from generation to generation when they visited the ancient battlefield of Juting.

The origin of Yiting

Juanting, ancient and modern, at home and abroad

It has a long history and a long history. Yiting was first named in the Han Dynasty. According to the research of geographical records of previous generations, Yiting is an ancient place name. Dictionaries such as ShuoWenJieZi, Kangxi dictionary and etymology explain that "Yiting" is "the sound of the tiger roaring", "ting" is an ancient administrative area, and ten li is a pavilion. The name of juiting also implies the meaning of precipitous terrain, just like the land of "fierce tiger roaring". Yiting is also known as "tiger brain back" and "ancient back". At the same time, the historical interpretation also casts a mysterious color on the "Yao" of the pavilion, saying that "Yao" is the thing that a tiger has wings, which is called "adding wings to a tiger". It is said that during the period of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Fei, the tiger General of the Shu Han Dynasty, was the prefect of Yidu county. Seeing the precipices, rapids and reefs, he ordered craftsmen to build pavilions to commemorate the event. There were animal patterns engraved on the fence of the pavilions. The tiger had wings. Zhang Fei was furious and asked the craftsmen what it was. The craftsmen were quick and intelligent: it was the tiger's hunting behavior, which was called "Yao". To show the general's power, Zhang Fei turned Angry to laugh, ordered people to engrave the word "Xun Pavilion" on the Pavilion

Historical chronology of juiting

1、 Two hundred thousand years ago, ancient Changyang people appeared in ancient Yiling. In Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, Yiling was called ancient Jingzhou (Yiling). During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, it was the Western fortress of the state of Chu, with cities built. In 278 BC, Qin general Bai Qi "attacked Chu, pulled out Ying and burned Yi mausoleum". In the 26th year of the first emperor of Qin Dynasty (221 BC), Yiling was changed to Wuxian. In the sixth year of the Han Dynasty (125 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set up Yiling County, which was under the control of Yiting. In the ninth year of Han Jianwu (i.e. 33 A.D.), Gongsun of the Eastern Han dynasty built a floating bridge between Jingmen and Huya to block Liu Xiu. It was known as the first bridge of Wanli Yangtze River in history. Later, it was defeated by Han General Cen Peng. Yidu county was set up in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and juanting was under its jurisdiction. In 208 ad, Yiling was changed into Linjiang county. In the 15th year of Jian'an (A.D. 210), Linjiang county was changed into Yidu County, leading four counties, including Yidu (now Yichang), Zigui, Zhijiang and Yidao (now Yidu). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Fei built a pavilion here. The pillars of the pavilion are carved like roaring tigers. The shape of the pavilion is like a flying tiger. It is named after the pavilion. During the Three Kingdoms period, the battle of Yiling broke out in the first year of Zhangwu (221 A.D.) and ended in the second year of Zhangwu (222 A.D.). In the same year (AD 222), Yiling was changed to Xiling County, also known as Yidu county. In November of the fifth year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (the third year of Wu Tianji, i.e. 269 A.D.), the war against Wu in the Western Jin Dynasty broke out. Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty sent 200000 troops to conquer Danyang, juanting, Zigui and other important places in six ways. In the Taikang period of Jin Dynasty (280-289 AD), it was changed to Yiling county. Yichang was named in the Eastern Jin Dynasty when another county was set up in the west of Fenyi Mausoleum (between huangniuyan and Heiyan on the South Bank of the Yangtze River). The implication is that the county should be set up in order to make the country prosperous. In the northern and Southern Dynasties (420-589), song and Qi were the same as Jin. Liang changed Yidu county to Yizhou, Western Wei to tuozhou, and later Zhou to xiazhou. In the second year of Chengsheng (553 A.D.), Xiao Ji led his troops to attack the Xiling area. Lu fahe built two cities at the Xiakou of Xiling, named Qisheng City, suojiang duanxia. The Shu army was defeated by the Western Wei and Nanliang, and then killed by fan Meng. In the second year of Wucheng (560 AD), Zhao Min, who was the governor of xiazhou (now Yichang, Hubei Province), built Anshu city to defend against the invasion of barbarians. He also pulled a rope across the river to xiazhou to transport food and grass. Later, Zhao Min used the strategy of "encircling Zheng to save an" to get Anshu city out of danger. In the first ten days of December in the eighth year of kaihuang (588 AD), Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, Yang Ye, in order to unify the whole country, broke out the "Jiangguan war" between Yang Su and Chen. In the third year of Daye reign of Sui Dynasty (607 AD), xiazhou was changed into Yiling County, which governed Yiling County, Yidao County, Changyang County and Yuan'an county. Yiling county was under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou Prefecture. In the early Tang Dynasty (618 AD), Yiling county was changed to Shanzhou, which led the above four counties and belonged to Shannan Dongdao. In the third year of Wude (619 A.D.), Chen Pu and Xiao Ge, the generals of Xiao Mi school, seized Bashu. Later, Li Xiaogong and Li Jing led the army of Bashu to take more than 2000 warships to defeat Xiao MI from the east of Shunjiang River in Kuizhou. Xiao MI was captured alive in Jiangling, sent to the capital and killed in Chang'an. Tianbaochu (741 AD) was changed to Yiling county. In the first year of the Qianyuan Dynasty (758 AD), Shanzhou was rebuilt, and the original four counties were under the jurisdiction of Shannan Dongdao. In the Five Dynasties (907-960 AD), Shanzhou, Jingzhou and Guizhou were the states of Nanping. In the Northern Song Dynasty (960 AD), Shanzhou was renamed, belonging to Jinghu North Road, and still under the jurisdiction of the original Yiling four counties. In Yuanfeng period (1078-1085 AD), Shaanxi was changed to Xia. In the 17th year of Yuan Dynasty (1280 A.D.), xiazhou was upgraded to xiazhou Road, which led to the original four counties and belonged to the North Road of Jinghu in Henan Province. In the early Ming Dynasty (1368 AD), xiazhou road was changed into xiazhou capital. It was called xingshanli in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty (1644-1840), it was successively called xingshanpu, guloubei, hunaobei and gugubei, and was under the jurisdiction of Yidu. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1674), Wu Sangui, the king of Pingxi, rebelled against Yiling. His subordinates attacked Yiling. Later, they were defeated by the Qing soldiers on the Yangtze River. The next year, Wu Sangui's own soldiers invaded Yiling. The people and officers of Yiling City rejected Pan's army. The Qing government sent troops to attack the East and the west, and Yiling was liberated. From the period of the Republic of China to the early days of the people's Republic of China, Yiting is the Fourth District of Yidu, which governs the ancient back town. In 1953, there were ten townships and one town under the jurisdiction of gubeizhen, Tuanjie and Yunchi. In 1962, gubeizhen, Tuanjie and Yunchi communes were established, which were under the jurisdiction of Honghuatao town. In 1975, the district was withdrawn and the commune was merged. The "two communes and one town" was merged and renamed as gubeizhen people's commune, which is still Yidu. In 1982, gubeizhen people's commune was incorporated into Zhijiang county. At the same time, Huya management area in Tumen District of Yichang county was incorporated into FeiTing Town, and the name was changed to FeiTing Town People's commune. At the end of 1984, it was renamed as Yiting, and Yiting town was set up. In 1992, Yichang economic and Technological Development Zone was established. In the same year, the prefecture and city merged and changed its name to Yichang FeiTing economic and Technological Development Zone. It is directly under the jurisdiction of Yichang city. In August 1994, it was promoted to provincial economic and Technological Development Zone. In March 1995, Yiting District of Yichang city was established, and became an administrative region directly under the central government of Yichang city. In 1996, it was listed as a provincial high-tech industrial development zone. In 2004, 22.4 square kilometers of industrial zone in the north, industrial zone in the South and aviation community in the area were designated as Yichang Development Zone, which was jointly developed with Yichang Dongshan Development Zone.

Nine major battles in Yiting

Juanting is a famous "ancient river pass", which is close to the Yangtze River, the throat of Chu, and the gateway of Sichuan and Hubei. It is located on the North Bank of Xiakou. It has three thousand Shu roads on the upper side and Jingxiang roads on the lower side. From the pre Qin Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there is no lack of history and war.

Juanting is a rare ancient battlefield in China. The famous battles, such as Baiqi burning Yiling in Qin Dynasty, gongsunjia floating bridge in Eastern Han Dynasty, Three Kingdoms burning company camp 700 Li, Western Jin cutting Wu to break Xisai, fan Meng cutting Xiao Ji in Xiling, Liang Chen Anshu hengsuoqiao, Sui Yang Su to break Chen army, Tang army's night attack battle Xiao MI, and Qing army's counterattack against Wu Sangui, all took place in this place

1. Qin general Baiqi burns Yiling

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, juanting was the Western fortress of the state of Chu, with a city built. In 278 B.C., in the 21st year of King Qingxiang of Chu, there was a great war in the area of FeiTing: "Qin general burned Yiling in white."

”。 Why did Bai Qiyuan burn Yiling? It has been a mystery for thousands of years. By consulting a large number of historical materials and documents, supplemented by the written records of Baiqi tomb and Baiqi temple in Xianyang, we can get a rough idea of the reason: Baiqi's ancestor was Bai Gongsheng, an aristocrat of the state of Chu, and Baiqi was also called "Gong Shengqi". Bai Gongsheng is the son of Prince Jian, the king of Chu Ping. Hearing the greedy words, he wanted to kill Prince Jian. Prince Jian fled to Zheng State with his wife and children. In Zheng State, because Prince Jian was killed by Zheng people, Bai Gongsheng followed Wu Zixu and fled to Wu state. In 487 B.C., King Hui of Chu recalled baigongsheng and granted him the capital Baidi. Baigongsheng wanted to attack Zheng as his father, Ji Hao. However, the treacherous officials obstructed him and failed to repay him. He secretly recruited soldiers and horses to seize the royal power. In 479 BC, when the state of Wu attacked chushenyi, Baigong led the army to repel the Wu army. On the ground of offering prisoners, he led the army into Ying, killed the minister and robbed King Hui, which is known as "Baigong rebellion". The nobles of the state of Chu came to pursue him. The Duke won and lost. He fled into the mountains and hanged himself. His son fled to the state of Qin and became a general of Qin. Baiqi attacked Chu, burned Yiling, destroyed the ancestral temple of Chu, and avenged his ancestors Baigong. Baiqi burned Yiling. From then on, Yiling was famous all over the world.

2. East

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Ting Gu Zhan Chang