Huangniangniangtai site

Huangniangniangtai site

Liangzhou huangniangniang terrace, also known as Liangzhou yinmadame terrace, is one of the important Qijia cultural sites from the late Neolithic Age to the early Bronze Age in ancient Northwest China (Hexi area).

Liangzhou huangniangtai, located in the northwest of Liangzhou (now Liangzhou District, Wuwei City), is one of the important bases of Yongliang culture, Yongzhou culture and Liangzhou culture.

The unearthed bronze wares of huangniangniangtai show that northwest China was the first to enter the bronze age. Therefore, huangniangniangtai site is not only the most important Qijia cultural site in Gansu Province, but also the unique representative site of bronze age in China. The scale and content of huangniangtai site in Liangzhou is much richer than that of qijiaping site, and its age is much earlier. As the only survivor of the three major Qijia cultural sites in Gansu Province, it has incomparable academic value and historical significance in the research of Xia Shang Zhou dating project. It is suggested to apply for national key cultural relics protection units as soon as possible. (rescuing the ruins of huangniangtai, July 2014, Yi Hua, researcher of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

Brief introduction of the site

Huangniangniangtai, Liangzhou, Northwest China, was systematically excavated four times from 1957 to 1975. The site has houses, pits and tombs. Most of the rooms are of semi underground cave type, square in shape, with a wide area and a white gray surface inside. According to the remains, it is inferred that the construction of the living rooms is to dig a square earth pit from the ground, and then to coat the bottom and walls with lime surface to form a semi vertical cave form. Around the living room, there are pits and stoves.

The pits are round, oval and rectangular and filled with lime soil. At the edge of a large pit, there are 15 pillar pits, which are evenly arranged along the pit. There are traces of rotten wood in the pits, with gravel, fine stone and pottery mixed in between.

According to the experts' conjecture, these relics indicate that this place was originally a shed for storing things. There are many burial sites, which are interwoven with pits and houses. Some of them are buried directly in abandoned pits. There are lateral bending, supine bending, supine stretching, single person, double person and multi person burials, some of which are secondary burials. The funerary objects have been more for several days, and have been increased or decreased according to their status. For example, a man and two women were buried together in a tomb. The man was lying on his back in the middle, and one woman was lying on the left and one on the right. Both of them were lying on his side, bending their limbs, facing the center, showing the woman's intention of serving the man. This reflects that the society at that time was hierarchical and male dominated.

Three cultures

Huangniangtai site in Liangzhou is one of the three Qijia cultural sites officially excavated nearly 40 years ago in Gansu Province. The Qin Weijia site and dahezhuang site have been permanently submerged by Liujiaxia reservoir. The road of jade and silk and the Qijia cultural investigation team specially came to huangniangniang terrace. It is sad to see that the site has been surrounded and partially covered by construction waste, and there are no Qijia cultural relics and cultural relic protection signs. This ironic situation symbolizes the serious neglect of Qi family culture in Gansu Province. (rescuing the ruins of huangniangtai, July 2014, Yi Hua, researcher of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

Qi culture was discovered and named by Andersen and dated by Xia Nai. It has become famous at home and abroad. The first monograph on Qijia culture in the world has been published by bacolin, France. At present, the international archaeology circles have recognized that the Qijia culture is the earliest bronze culture in China. Cambridge University Press "Chinese Archaeology" officially listed the Qijia culture in the bronze age.

Archaeological evidence

The volume of Chinese Archaeology of Xia and Shang represents the basic opinions of the domestic archaeology circles. The Qijia culture is the most important Bronze Age culture in Northwest China during the Xia and Shang Dynasties. "Xia Shang Zhou dating project" research shows that Erlitou culture is more than 200 years later than the original recognized age, indicating that Erlitou culture can not be the early or middle Xia culture. "The project of exploring the source of Chinese civilization" began to shift its attention to the border areas. The latest research shows that the Qijia culture is most likely the early or middle Xia culture. (rescuing the ruins of huangniangtai, July 2014, Yi Hua, researcher of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

The huangniangtai site in Liangzhou was systematically excavated four times from 1957 to 1975, with complete address, pits and tombs. Two excavation reports were published in the Journal of archaeology. It is the most important representative site of Qijia culture. Most of the houses are half crypt type, square in shape, with lime surface; the pits are round, oval and rectangular in shape, filled with lime soil; the tombs are interwoven with the pits and houses. There are lateral bending, supine bending, supine stretching, single, double and multiple burials.

According to the status of the burial objects, such as a man and two women buried together in a tomb, the man lying on his back in the middle, one woman lying on the left and one on the right, both lying on his side and bending his limbs, facing the center, the jade Bi as many as 81 pieces. This kind of polarization between the rich and the poor and the phenomenon that men are superior to women are just the same as the social situation of Xia Dynasty. (rescuing the ruins of huangniangtai, July 2014, Yi Hua, researcher of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

The earliest bronzes

Thirty pieces of bronze wares, including cones, knives and chisels, were unearthed from the huangniangtai site in Liangzhou, which is the earliest bronze wares unearthed in batches in China. Red copper and bronze appeared in China almost at the same time, indicating that there was no red copper age or copper and stone age in China. The unearthed bronze wares of huangniangniangtai show that northwest China was the first to enter the bronze age. Therefore, huangniangniangtai site is not only the most important Qijia cultural site in Gansu Province, but also the unique representative site of bronze age in China. More than 100 pieces of jade, mainly Bi and Huang, were unearthed from the huangniangtai site. Jinshengyuzhen symbolizes the confluence of settled jade culture originated in East Asia and foreign bronze nomadic culture. (rescuing the ruins of huangniangtai, July 2014, Yi Hua, researcher of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

First, stop destroying the site of huangniangtai and actively apply for the state key cultural relics protection units. The core area of Qijia culture is in Gansu Province. At present, only qijiaping is the national protection unit of Qijia cultural site, and there is no official excavation. Huangniangniangtai site has been excavated for four times, and its scale and content are much richer than qijiaping site. As the only survivor of the three Qijia cultural sites in Gansu Province, it has incomparable academic value and historical significance. (rescuing the huangniangtai site, July 2014, Yi Hua, researcher of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) proposed the establishment of huangniangtai site park. Wuwei's history did not begin in the Han Dynasty. As early as 4000 years ago, it first entered the bronze age and was the forefront of ancient China's opening up. Huang Niangniang stage is also known as Dou Rongtai and Yin Madame stage. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Dou Rong occupied Hexi and made outstanding achievements. People in Liangzhou built a memorial temple to commemorate him, which is called Dou Rongtai. Mrs. Yin was the wife of Li Heng, the king of Xiliang in the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Li Yuan, the Tang Taizu, was his seventh grandson. In order to commemorate his ancestors, Li Yuan built Yintai temple on the basis of yinmadame stage, and later generations called yinmadame stage huangniangniang stage. Huangniangniangtai site park can display the nearly 4000 years history of Liangzhou and become a new symbol of Liangzhou's history and culture. (rescuing the ruins of huangniangtai, July 2014, Yi Hua, researcher of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

Huangniangniang terrace, also known as yinmadame terrace, is located in songjiayuan village, Jinyang Township, 2.5 kilometers northwest of Liangzhou District, Wuwei city. Mrs. Yin was the wife of Li Si, the king of Xiliang in the Sixteen Kingdoms period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the Xiliang political achievements founded by Li Song, she was endowed with a lot of hard work and wisdom. For this reason, some people called the Xiliang political power "Li Yin political power". Yin, the daughter of Yin Wen in Tianshui County, later moved to guzang (now Wuwei City) with her father. She is beautiful and studious. In February of 417, the 13th year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Li Song died, his son Li Xin succeeded to the throne, and the Yin family was honored as the Empress Dowager. Soon, Li Xin attacked Beiliang.

Mengxun of Juqu in Beiliang is a Hun nationality. Yin family tried to dissuade Li Xin from living and national unity, but he was refused. Finally, Yin sternly warned his son: "if you don't listen to the advice, you will not only lose the military, but also the country will be destroyed. Li Xin is still determined to go his own way. In the second year of Yuanxi of Jin Dynasty (420), Xiliang was destroyed by Mengxun in Juqu of Beiliang, and Li Xin died in the war, which led to the tragedy of the destruction of the country and family. Madame Yin was taken to Gujian, the capital of the state, by Mengxun in Juqu. Mengxun built a house for her on the platform built by Dou Rong in the late Western Han Dynasty.

General survey of cultural relics

Juqu Maoqian, the son of Mengxun, married Yin's daughter. Li Yuan, the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, was the "16th son and grandson" of Li Song, the king of Xiliang. In order to commemorate his ancestors, Li Yuan built a large temple called "Yintai Temple" on the basis of guzang Yintai. CEN Shen, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, once came to this stage and wrote a poem "dengliangzhou Yintai Temple": "in March and half of Hu land, plowing flowers begin to bloom today. Because from the old monk rice, more on the stage.

If the clouds do not go, the wind will come. It should be reversed as soon as possible, just like the return of Shangong. " It vividly depicts the scene of Yintai temple in the past. It can be seen that Yintai temple was very famous at that time. Mrs. Yin's stage has gone through thousands of years, and later people called it the Queen's stage. Nowadays, the buildings on the platform no longer exist, but the ruins of the platform remain the same. In recent years, after several cultural relic surveys, many architectural relics such as tiles, tiles and bricks have been found here.

The site of huangniangniangtai was formerly known as Madame Yin Tai. Located 2.5 kilometers northwest of Liangzhou District, Wuwei City, Gansu Province, it belongs to the site of "Qijia culture", about 4000 years ago. The site is 500 meters long from east to west, 250 meters wide from north to south, and the cultural layer is 0.62 meters to 2.3 meters thick. It is rich in connotation. Nine houses were excavated, and the caves are round, oval and rectangular.

Most of the unearthed cultural relics are pottery, including stone tools, bone and horn wares and bronze wares

Chinese PinYin : Huang Niang Niang Tai Yi Zhi