Zhangye National Wetland Park

Zhangye National Wetland Park in Gansu Province

synonym

Zhangye National Wetland Park generally refers to Gansu Zhangye National Wetland Park

Zhangye National Wetland Park in Gansu Province is located in the north of Zhangye City and the east of Heihe River. It is located between 100 ° 23 ′ 45 ″ - 100 ° 29 ′ 10 ″ e longitude and 38 ° 56 ′ 56 ″ - 39 ° 0 ′ 6 ″ N latitude, with a total area of 1347.65 hectares, including 601.74 hectares of conservation area, 379.84 hectares of restoration and reconstruction area and 366.07 hectares of rational utilization area, with a wetland rate of 78.06%

It is a wetland park of desert oasis ecosystem type with the main protection objects of meadow, inland salt marsh wetland vegetation and diverse wetland ecosystem in the phreatic zone of Heihe River Basin

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In Zhangye National Wetland Park, there are 195 species of wetland plants belonging to 124 genera and 45 families, 21 genera of Gramineae, 12 genera of Compositae, 11 genera of Leguminosae and 9 genera of Leguminosae, 22 species of dominant plants belonging to 9 genera and 9 families

The common animals belong to 75 genera, 42 families, 24 orders, 3 classes, including fish, amphibians, birds and mammals, with a total of more than 100 animal types, including 5 species of first-class protected animals in China, 23 species of second-class protected animals in China and 7 species of key protected wild animals in Gansu Province

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In December 2009, Zhangye National Wetland Park in Gansu Province was approved as a National Wetland Park (pilot project)

. In 2011, Zhangye National Wetland Park was rated as China's national AAAA scenic spot

. In December 2016, Gansu Zhangye National Wetland Park officially passed the acceptance and was listed as one of the national key construction wetland parks in the 13th five year plan

geographical environment

Location context

Zhangye National Wetland Park in Gansu Province is located in the north of Zhangye City and the East Bank of Heihe River. Its geographical location is between 100 ° 23 ′ 45 ″ - 100 ° 29 ′ 10 ″ E and 38 ° 56 ′ 56 ″ - 39 ° 0 ′ 6 ″ n, reaching zhanghuo highway in the East, North 2nd Ring Road in the south, East Bank of Heihe River in the West and Lanxin railway road in the north

It is adjacent to the urban area. The urban road, national highway 312 and Zhangjing highway are directly connected to the wetland park. It is 6 km away from national highway g54 Shanlin expressway, 6 km away from national highway 227, and 16 km away from Zhangye civil military airport

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topographic features

Zhangye National Wetland Park in Gansu Province is located in the front edge of the Qilian Mountain alluvial fan in the middle reaches of the Heihe River and the phreatic overflow zone of the Heihe River ancient channel and flood plain. The planning area is high in the South and low in the north, with a natural drop of 20 meters (1467-1445 meters). In addition to the Heihe River and the new runoff River, the groundwater seepage is the main water source. There are 12202 natural springs, 3 channels and artificial drainage channels in the northern suburb wetland 17 sewers

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The main soil types of Zhangye National Wetland Park are meadow soil, tidal soil, stream silt soil, meadow saline soil and swamp soil. Most of them are lacustrine deposits, which are yellowish brown and grayish green mucky soil. Yellow clay or mucky layer rich in humus are scattered on the surface. Soil moisture is sufficient, aerobic microbial activity is blocked, which is not conducive to the mineralization of organic matter, affecting the direction and process of soil formation, forming a natural soil dominated by meadow soil and cultivated soil dominated by fluvo aquic soil

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Climatic characteristics

The climate of Zhangye National Wetland Park in Gansu Province is obviously temperate continental climate. Its remarkable characteristics are: the precipitation is rare and concentrated, the annual precipitation is only 129 mm, in the time distribution, it is mainly concentrated in June to September, accounting for 71.9% of the total amount of the whole year, and the spring precipitation accounts for only 14%. The annual precipitation distribution is very uneven, and the interannual variation is large; the evaporation is strong, and the annual average evaporation of the whole region is 2047 mm The drought index is as high as 10.3. The annual total solar radiation is 147.99 kcal / m2, the annual sunshine hours is 3085 hours; the annual average temperature is 7 ℃, the highest temperature over the years is 37.4 ℃, the lowest temperature is - 28 ℃, and the frost free period is 153 days. Northwest wind prevails throughout the year, with an average annual wind speed of 2 m / s and a maximum wind speed of 36 m / s. The average annual number of gale days is 14.9 days, with a maximum of 40 days and a minimum of 3 days. The average annual number of sandstorm days is 20.3 days, with a maximum of 33 days and a minimum of 14 days. Disastrous weather includes gale, sandstorm, dry hot wind, drought, frost, low temperature in early spring, etc

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hydrographic features

Zhangye National Wetland Park in Gansu Province is mainly composed of four water systems from east to West: Dongquan canal system, ashue canal system, Gengming canal system and Heihe River (Beach) water system. There are 71 organic wells and 12202 springs in the park. Except that there is no sewage discharge in heihetan and the spring water and sewage in Gengming main canal can be separated, other channels are mixed flow of river water, spring water and sewage. Due to the recharge of phreatic water lateral runoff and deep confined water in the south, the groundwater moves from southeast to northwest, and the buried depth of water level is mostly less than 1m. The total amount of water resources in the planning area is 137 million cubic meters, including 118 million cubic meters of spring water overflow and 19 million cubic meters of urban sewage discharge. Due to the involvement of 12800 mu of farmland irrigation in the surrounding area, water resources are still short of 23.85 million cubic meters, so water replenishment should be considered

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Resources

plant resources

overview

There are 195 species of wetland plants belonging to 124 genera and 45 families in Zhangye National Wetland Park, Gansu Province. Gramineae is the family with the largest number of genera, followed by Compositae with 12 genera, Leguminosae and Leguminosae with 11 and 9 genera respectively. In Zhangye National Wetland Park of Gansu Province, there are Chinese second-class protected plants, such as starwort, Chinese third-class protected plants, such as Cistanche deserticola, Amygdalus mongolica, sinopodophylla chinensis, gymnocarpus nudus, etc

 

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There are 22 species of dominant plants in 9 families, 9 genera in Zhangye National Wetland Park of Gansu Province. The dominant tree species are mainly cultivated along the river, such as Salix, Elaeagnus angustifolia, poplar, etc. the main herbs are Phragmites australis, Typha longibracteata, Typha angustifolia, water candle, Leymus chinensis, Sparganium nigrum, Potamogeton perforatum, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton crispus, Ranunculus trifida, Ranunculus trifida, Alisma orientalis, Cordyceps tenuifolia, Elymus breviflora, Carex parviflora, Elymus, Potamogeton crispus, Carex orbiculatus, etc . There are 79 species of phytoplankton in constructed ponds, including 12 species of cyanobacteria, 32 species of green algae, 18 species of diatoms, 3 species of dinoflagellate, 8 species of gymnophyta, and 2 species of Xanthophyta, Cryptophyta and Chrysophyta. The dominant species are Scenedesmus, Chlorella, cruciform algae, Anabaena, Anabaena pseudoanabaena, synechophyta, Chlorella, Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Schizophyta, Cyanophyta and gymnophyta

 

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The wetland vegetation in Zhangye National Wetland Park in Gansu Province is complex and diverse. The main vegetation types are temperate desert vegetation. There are 4 vegetation types, 8 vegetation types and 19 formations, including Broad-leaved Forest Wetland, shrub wetland, grass wetland and shallow water plant wetland. The main vegetation types are deciduous broad-leaved Forest Wetland Vegetation, deciduous broad-leaved shrub wetland vegetation, halophyte shrub wetland vegetation and sedge wetland vegetation The vegetation types of wetland are vegetation of cover, grass type, miscellaneous grass type, floating plant and submerged plant

 

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Vegetation type group of broad leaved Forest Wetland

The vegetation type group of Broad-leaved Forest Wetland in Zhangye National Wetland Park of Gansu Province is mainly distributed in the beach of River Wetland in Zhangye National Wetland Park of Gansu Province. The soil types are desert gray brown desert soil, irrigated desert soil, tidal soil and forest irrigated meadow soil, and the soil moisture is medium to wet. It is composed of one type of deciduous broad-leaved Forest Wetland Vegetation and two formations of Elaeagnus angustifolia and poplar. Elaeagnus angustifolia formation, born on the beach, diameter at breast height is more than 15 cm, height is more than 9 m, crown width is 350 × 350 cm, accompanied by red willow; herb layer is mainly Elymus, accompanied by Achnatherum splendens, Oxytropis glabra, Artemisia argyi, etc. Poplar group, distributed in the floodplain wetland beach or swamp beach, diameter of 14-50 cm, average diameter at breast height of 24 cm, average height of 7.5 m, sporadic distribution, small area

 

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Vegetation type group of shrub wetland

The shrub wetland vegetation type group of Zhangye National Wetland Park is located in the Heihe River beach of Zhangye National Wetland Park, Gansu Province. The soil types are mainly gray desert soil, gray brown desert soil, desert aeolian sand soil, and the water content is moderate to drought. It consists of two vegetation types: deciduous broad-leaved shrub wetland vegetation type and halophyte shrub wetland vegetation type, as well as Hippophae rhamnoides formation and Salix formation in China. Hippophae rhamnoides group is mainly distributed in Heihe River beach, which belongs to deciduous broad-leaved shrub wetland vegetation type. Most of Hippophae rhamnoides group are shrubs, which belong to cultivated tree species. Some of them have grown into small trees with a height of more than 6 meters, and the overall coverage is close to 100%. The herb layer is mainly Carex pseudo reed, accompanied by red willow, gesnerium, arthrodendron, goose down vine, etc. Salix formation belongs to halophyte shrub wetland vegetation type, which is widely distributed in the park. It mostly occurs in the riparian zone or salt marsh of floodplain wetland, with crown width of 220 × 200 cm and height of more than 3 meters. It often forms Salix Elymus formation with Elymus, and its associated plants are Phragmites australis, Suaeda salsa, Mongolian Allium mongolicum, etc

 

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Vegetation type group of grassland wetland

Grassland wetland of Zhangye National Wetland Park in Gansu Province

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Ye Guo Jia Shi Di Gong Yuan