Changbai Mountain Scenic Area

Changbai Mountain Scenic Area

Changbai Mountain scenic spot is located in the southeast of chibei District, Erdaobaihe Town, Antu County, Jilin Province, adjacent to Korea in the southeast. It is located on the north slope of Changbai Mountain, 34 km away from Changbai Mountain and 65 km away from the border between China and North Korea of shuangmufeng, covering an area of 52.42 square kilometers.

Changbai Mountain scenic area is a national AAAAA tourist attraction. The main peak of Changbai Mountain is named for its white pumice and snow. It is known as "snow for thousands of years, pine for thousands of years, straight up to the first peak in the world". The scenic spot is a famous tourist attraction with the reputation of "holy mountain, holy water, wonderful forest and immortal fruit". It is also the birthplace of Manchu. In the Qing Dynasty, it was known as "holy land". The emperor had to personally or appoint ministers to visit Changbai Mountain in Wula, Jilin (today's Jilin City). In the summer of 1983, Deng Xiaoping climbed to the top of Changbai Mountain, inscribed the banners of "Changbai Mountain" and "Tianchi Lake", and exclaimed: "it's a great pity that you can't go to Changbai Mountain in life!". Changbai Mountain has been China's sacred territory since ancient times and is one of the top ten famous mountains in China. Changbai Mountain is called Buxian mountain in Shanhaijing, Tutai mountain in Northern Wei Dynasty, Taibai Mountain in Tang Dynasty, and Changbai Mountain in Liao and Jin Dynasties.

geographical environment

geographical position

Changbai Mountain scenic spot is located in chibei District, Erdaobaihe Town, Antu County, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Southeast of Jilin Province. It is located from 127 ° 42'55 "e to 128 ° 16'48" E, 41 ° 41'49 "n to 42 ° 51'18" n on the map.

topographic features

Changbai Mountain scenic spot is located in the continental margin of East Asia, close to the strong fold belt of the Pacific Ocean. Before the Mesozoic era of 200 million to 75 million years, the ancient rock strata were formed through many crustal changes. During the Mesozoic era, a series of Intermountain basins were formed after hundreds of millions of years of wind and rain erosion. In the Cenozoic, it turned into a undulating peneplain with residual hills. The landform of the scenic spot is typical volcanic landform. From bottom to top, it is mainly composed of basalt platform, basalt plateau and volcanic cone. In the broad basalt platform and basalt plateau is the main peak of Changbai Mountain. The basalt plateau (also known as Piedmont inclined plateau) is between the basalt platform and the volcanic cone. It is an obvious inclined zone. The ground slope is generally about 10 degrees, and the altitude is about 1000-1800 meters. It is the transition zone from the steep volcanic cone to the basalt platform.

Climatic characteristics

Changbai Mountain scenic area is a temperate continental mountain climate affected by the monsoon. In addition to the characteristics of general mountain climate, there are obvious vertical climate changes. The general characteristics are that winter is long and cold, summer is short and cool, spring is windy and dry, autumn is foggy and cool. The average annual temperature ranges from - 7 ℃ to 3 ℃, and the average temperature in July does not exceed 10 ℃. The annual precipitation ranges from 700 mm to 1400 mm, and the precipitation from June to September accounts for 60% to 70% of the annual precipitation. Many clouds, strong wind and low air pressure are the main characteristics of the climate in the main peak of Changbai Mountain.

natural resources

Resource overview

Changbai Mountain scenic area is rich in resources, with a wide range of animals and plants. It is the most representative natural complex in the northern half of Eurasia. It is a rare "species gene bank" and "natural museum" in the world. According to statistics, there are more than 1800 kinds of higher plants, more than 50 kinds of mammals, more than 280 kinds of birds, 50 kinds of fish and more than 1000 kinds of insects.

Animal resources

There are 1225 species of wild animals in Changbai Mountain Scenic Area, which belong to 73 orders and 219 families. Among them, there are 387 species of forest insect pests in 6 orders, 48 families; 94 species of forest insect natural enemies in 7 orders, 29 families; 3 species in 1 order, 1 family; 8 species in 4 families in 2 orders of fishes, 13 species in 6 families in 2 orders of amphibians, 11 species in 3 families in 1 order of reptiles, 277 species in 48 families in 18 orders of birds; 58 species in 19 families in 6 orders of mammals; 370 species in 61 families in 30 orders of vertebrates. Among the 1225 species of wild animals, there are 50 species under the state key protection. Among them, the first-class national protected animals include Amur tiger, leopard, sika deer, sable, black stork, Golden Eagle, white shoulder eagle, Chinese merganser, etc.; the second-class national protected animals include jackal, musk deer, black bear, brown bear, otter, lynx, red deer, blue sheep (gazelle), osprey, kite, peak eagle, goshawk, sparrow hawk, hazel grouse, etc. Among these animals, there are 15 medicinal species, 14 edible species, 2 fur species and 1 ornamental species.

plant resources

There are abundant plant species in Changbai Mountain scenic area. 2277 species belonging to 73 orders and 246 families have been found. Among them, there are 550 species of lower plants in 59 families of 17 orders and 1727 species of higher plants in 187 families of 56 orders. There are 36 rare and endangered species in higher plants. Among them, ginseng is the first-class national protected plant, while Panax japonicus, Dracocephalum, pteridophyte, Crataegus crabapple and pingerxiaocao are the second-class national protected plants; Pinus sylvestris var. Changbai, caoxongrong, Fritillaria ussuriensis, songmaocui, Rhododendron calypris and Rhododendron bracteatum are the third-class national protected plants. The first-class protected plants in the province include Korean pine, Pinus sylvestris, Salix mandshurica, Taxus cuspidata, Juniperus sibirica, etc. Valuable medicinal plants include ginseng, Codonopsis pilosula, Coriolus versicolor, etc. Edible plants include mountain fruits, wild vegetables, fungi, etc.

mineral resources

Changbai Mountain scenic area is rich in mineral resources due to its complicated geological conditions. By the end of 2000, there were 98 kinds of mineral resources with proven reserves in Jilin Province (152 kinds in China), and 80 kinds in Changbai Mountain area, which were divided into 9 industrial categories. First, energy minerals: coal, oil shale and uranium; second, ferrous metal minerals: iron, manganese, titanium and vanadium; third, non-ferrous metal minerals: copper, lead, cobalt, magnesium and tungsten; fourth, precious metal minerals: gold and silver; fifth, rare minerals: rare earth, yttrium phosphate, monazite, gallium, cadmium, selenium and tellurium; sixth, non-metallic minerals of metallurgical auxiliary raw materials: kyanite, andalusite, fluorite and flux Limestone and dolomite are used as raw materials; seven are non-metallic minerals for chemical industry: sulfur (pyrite, associated sulfur), limestone for calcium carbide, arsenic, boron and phosphorus; eight are building materials and other non-metallic minerals: graphite, piezoelectric crystal, smelting crystal, marble for cement; nine are water and gas minerals: groundwater and mineral water.

Main attractions

Heaven Pool

Tianchi of Changbai Mountain is located at the top of the volcanic cone of the main peak of Changbai Mountain. It is a crater. After a long time, it has accumulated water to form a lake. The Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain is 2189.1 meters above sea level. It is slightly elliptical, 4.4 kilometers long from north to South and 3.37 kilometers wide from east to west. The total water storage capacity is 2.04 billion cubic meters. The water temperature of Tianchi Lake ranges from 0.7 ° C to 11 ° C, and the annual average temperature is 7.3 ° C. Tianchi Lake is the highest and largest alpine lake in China. It is the birthplace of Songhua River, Yalu River and Tumen River.

Changbai waterfall group

Tianchi in Changbai Mountain is surrounded by strange peaks. There is a gap between Tianwen peak and Longmen peak in the north. The water overflows from the gap and flows northward through a cliff 1250 meters away, forming a waterfall group with a drop of 68 meters. This is Changbai waterfall group. It is the first scenic spot of Changbai Mountain and the largest waterfall group in Northeast China. It is connected with the Tianchi Lake on the top and connected with the two Baihe rivers on the bottom, which is the main source of the Songhua River.

Julongquan

Julong spring is the largest, most widely distributed and highest temperature hot spring in the hot spring group, which can be called the first spring in Changbai Mountain. It is located 900 meters north of Changbai waterfall, on the north side of Luobi peak. Distribution area of more than 1000 square meters, Erdaobai River from the middle of the hot spring group through. On the right side of the river, there are dozens of spring outlets and seven large springs. Countless heat streams gush out from the ground like dragons spraying water, so it is called Julong spring. There is a "refreshing bath" bath at the bottom of Julong spring.

Black tuyere

Climbing along the north slope to Tianchi, at the junction of Yuehua forest belt and alpine tundra, and at the intersection of the east end of Bulao peak and the viewing platform, a natural gap is formed, which is the famous black wind of Changbai Mountain. You can have a panoramic view of Changbai waterfall at the tuyere. Here, you can have a panoramic view of the U-shaped valley. Looking up at heifengkou from the bottom of U-shaped Valley, heifengkou becomes the gate of the castle, which opens between the two blockhouses and is called "Nantianmen". There are always groups of swifts with white waists on the black tuyere, and the cliff is just the nest of swifts.

Development and utilization

Geothermal resources

The exploration of geothermal resources in Changbai mountain began in 1970s, and a hot spring well was drilled near huangsongpu area in 1973. In the 1990s, the Sixth Geological Survey Institute conducted a general survey of the geothermal resources in Changbai Mountain by using advanced methods such as remote sensing geological interpretation, geothermal geological mapping, geochemistry, comprehensive geophysical exploration, drilling engineering and hydrothermal alteration. Through a comprehensive survey, we have a more systematic grasp of the distribution of geothermal resources in Changbai Mountain.

mineral water resources

Changbai Mountain volcanic activity is extremely frequent and erupts many times, which has opened up a large range of lava platform. The unique geological structure leads to the formation of a unique Changbai Mountain natural mineral water resources. Changbai Mountain is rich in mineral water with stable flow. According to preliminary statistics, the daily water inflow of the discovered mineral spots is more than 1 million tons. Among the 48 mineral water sources that have passed the provincial or national appraisal, it is suitable for the construction of large-scale (annual output of 100000 tons) mineral water

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Bai Shan Jing Qu