Huguo Temple

Huguo Temple

Huguo temple, one of the Eight Temples in Beijing, was built in the Yuan Dynasty. It used to be the official residence of prime minister Tuoketuo of Yuan Dynasty, initially known as Chongguo Temple (North Temple). In 1429, it was renamed DALONGSHAN temple. Ming Chenghua eight years (1472) granted the name of DALONGSHAN Huguo temple.

Huguo temple, in 1722, the 61st year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, was greatly renovated. It is also called Huguo temple, also known as West Temple, and echoes with longfu temple, the East Temple. Huguo Temple snacks are mainly Beijing style snacks. After years of development, varieties have also changed. There are a variety of small fillings yuanxiao, halal Tangyuan, aiwowo and nearly 100 varieties.

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Historical evolution

Huguo temple, a famous temple in Beijing, was built in Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Liu Dong and Yu Yizheng wrote a brief introduction to the scenery of the imperial capital, which said: "Dalong is good at protecting the state temple. People call it the national temple, and the temple's original name is also.

All people are fond of words, false words, and the first name. The temple began in Yuan Dynasty, was built by Emperor Qing, by Yanyou, and by Zhizheng.

In the Yuan Dynasty, there were two Chongguo temples in the north and the south. I declare that virtue has come to you, and give my name Longshan. Chenghua Renchen, protect the name of the country.

Zhengde Renshen, the French king of Xifan Daqing, led by Zhan bandan and Dajue, led by Xiao Zangbu, lived here, while the temple made great achievements. The third is the central hall, the eighth is the side hall, and the last is the Jingming hall.

Layout structure

Huguo temple, the second tower beside the hall, is called Buddha relic tower. " The temple has five entrances. There are a lot of inscriptions in the courtyard, among which the famous ones are Zhao Mengfu's book "the stele of Yan Gong, a master of worshiping religion in the year of emperor Qingyuan" and Wei Su's book "the stele of Xuangong and zhuanjie in the year of Zhizheng 24".

In addition to offering sacrifices to the Buddhists, there are also statues of prime minister Tuotuo and his wife of the Yuan Dynasty and Yao Guangxiao movie hall, which was built by Zhu Di, Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty. In addition, there are several acres of vineyards, which shows its large scale. In the late Qing Dynasty, Tang Yan wrote "the occasional news of heaven nearby" and said: "Longshan Huguo temple, commonly known as Huguo temple, is the Chongguo Temple of the Yuan Dynasty. The steles of Zhao Songxue and Wei Taipu are all under the East steps of the hall. On the seventh and eighth of the month, there is a temple market, which is connected with longfu temple

The national protection Temple association is as famous as the longfu Temple Association, which is the West Temple of the so-called "East and west temples". "The bamboo branch Ci of Kyoto" says: "the goods of the eastern and Western temples are really complete. They can consume millions of dollars a day. How many precious things are here? The fragrance of clothes is still with the smoke of imperial furnace.".

In the early days of liberation, with the stability of society and the recovery and development of production, the national defense Temple Association flourished for some time. After the socialist transformation of private industry and commerce, most vendors concentrated in longfu temple for a long time.

In 1957, at each temple fair, there were a small number of peddlers who set up stalls in the temple, and few people visited the temple. Later, the buildings in the temple were gradually occupied by some units. Most of the buildings were demolished and rebuilt into buildings. There were only three diamond halls and several west side halls in the temple.

If we insist on looking for the traces of the national protection temple, only the snack bar and flower factory opposite the people's theater will survive. Although they have been converted into buildings after liberation, the two will continue to exist.

Prosperous scene

Inside the mountain gate is the front yard, and there is a tea soup stall in the south, with the name of "Nian Gao Li". This stall is not small. There are sales cases in front and several square tables at the back for customers to eat and rest. To the north, there are all kinds of Beijing style stalls such as grilled cakes, cold noodles, fried enema, stewed meatballs, etc. On the west side of the wall, there is a stall selling porcelain medicine and copper medicine. Sticking porcelain medicine is a little bit thicker than the matchstick red and yellow sticks, each 56 cm long.

On the east wall of the front yard is a mountain goods stall, with pots and pans, forks, brooms, big brooms, baskets, dustpans, all kinds of cooking utensils and daily necessities. From the East and West gables of the King Kong hall to the north, it is divided into East and West. Each booth has a blue and white cloth shed, and there are all kinds of vendors. South head of East Road has a fragrant noodle and a blue cloth shed. The traditional fragrant noodles are the China style perfume at that time. To the north, there are people who sell wooden combs. There are all kinds of wooden combs, horn size combs and combs.

There is also a cloth shoe stall, which sells according to the season, including shoes in spring and autumn, cloth sandals in summer, cotton shoes in winter, and various kinds of cloth, all of which are supplied according to the needs of the people. There's also a storage stall. There is a square table with two bamboo poles tied to the legs of the back table and a square white cloth hanging on it. There are two big heads of men and women, two big white faces, five facial features, eyebrows and eyes, and black dots on different parts to show the deposit.

There are also some snacks, such as cotton candy, which they don't know where.

In the West Road, there is a shoe face, colorful, a variety of fabrics, colors and varieties. There is a cloth stall operated by two brothers surnamed Zhou. There were dozens of colored cotton cloth and fancy cloth. At that time, people made their own clothes. The fabrics used were coarse cloth, blue cloth and fine white cloth, and the colors were moon white, gray, light wool blue and so on.

There is a flower stall next to it. There are velvet flowers, silk flowers and paper flowers. The owner's surname is Cui. He makes all kinds of head flower and vase flower arrangement.

Behind the King Kong hall is the central court, where there are many performing arts.

To the southwest is a stage surrounded by ropes and white cloth, where Pingju is performed. Across from the theater is Bao San wrestling field. In the southeast corner, there is a field for practicing martial arts.

There was a stage in this arena where the master practiced three tricks and played bear, which was called "dog bear Cheng". East head poached egg wine in the north, selling scattered Baijiu, next to a fried egg horn (poached eggs). Next to it is fried enema.

The main hall of the central courtyard has long been collapsed. On the base of the hall, there are a lot of big timbers, which were used in the main hall at that time. After years of wind and rain, they are old, but their texture is immortal, and they still lie upright there.

At that time, it was the place where the comic book stalls were set up. There were a lot of Chinese classical literature paintings, such as the romance of the Three Kingdoms, the dream of Red Mansions, the big five, the small five, the water margin, Liaozhai, journey to the West and so on.

At the northernmost end of the East Road, to the East Back Mountain Gate, to the east of the gate is the crosstalk hall.

At the north end of the West Road, to the West Back Mountain Gate, there is a North Hall near the west, with a horizontal plaque "Ruizhi hall" on it. It was the Lama's house that managed the temple fair. Huguo temple was originally a lama temple, but there were not many lamas at that time.

There is an open space in front of Ruizhi hall, which can hold more than ten square tables. As a teahouse, it is run by lamas and is for visitors to temple fairs to drink tea.

There is a big hall in the middle of the East and West Back Mountain Gate. It is tall and towering. It has not collapsed yet. The doors and windows of the pavilion are neat. Although it has been weathered for many years, it still has the momentum. There are no Buddha statues in it, and there are many sundries in it. Behind this hall is the tower yard.

There is a small mountain gate in the courtyard. There is a pair of small stone lions in front of the gate. There are corner gates in the East and West. This mountain gate has been closed for a long time, and visitors go through the corner gate. In front of the mountain gate, there are openings in the temple wall in the East and West, which also become the back door. The East back door can reach the cotton alley, and the West back door can reach the deep alley of Baihua.

Inside the East back door, there is a stand selling catapults and crossbows in the north, and a Hu salt shop in the south. In the north of the inner road of ximenmen, there is a small North House of less than 10 square meters. On the lintel of the house, there is a plaque of "Ming yinzhai". It is a Beijing huqin seller.

There is a Peking opera performance in the east gate of the pagoda. The artist is called "big monster".

Inside the west corner gate of the tower yard, there is a person who has changed the way of Chinese classical opera.

The main hall in the center of the pagoda and the East and west side hall are still in good condition. In front of the main hall, there is a rapper who writes "the case of Liu Gong" on bamboo board. His stage name is "little bee". He mainly talks and doesn't sing much.

On the south side of the bamboo board writing, that is, in the middle of the courtyard, is a tea soup stand with a large copper pot. It is a signboard, mainly selling tea soup, fried noodles with oil, lotus root powder, and also selling snacks such as rice cakes.

There is a small door to the back of the main hall. It's desolate here, and there are fewer visitors than the front yard. Although there is a main hall, there is no side hall for the East and West. There are several companies selling mutton sausages in the south. They sell them after they are cooked. They are steaming hot. They can have a bowl of hot mutton sausages on a cold day. It's warm and relieving hunger with soup and water. It's delicious and inexpensive. There is a hard bow field near the West. The martial arts practitioners are in their thirties. They are strong and strong. They can open five bows at the same time, and sometimes perform playing slingshot. There is no money for bow pulling. The main thing is to sell "Dali pills".

There is a gate with the wall on the west wall of the backyard of the tower yard. Go out and walk west to Taiping Hutong to Xinjiekou South Street.

Temple fair activities

Huguo Temple Street is named after the temple. The full name of the temple is "Chijian great Huguo Longshan Temple". Old Beijingers used to call it Huguo temple, but Longshan Temple didn't.

There is a longfu Temple Street in the east city. The name of the temple is "longfu temple to protect the state". Old Beijing people call longfu Temple out, and the word "protect the state" is not mentioned.

At that time, the temple of Huguo temple had been damaged for a long time, and the scale framework of the whole temple still existed, gradually becoming a fair in the city.

As I remember, temple fairs flourished from the 1940s to the late 1950s and disappeared in the late 1950s. More than 60 years ago, the temple meeting of protecting the nation was very lively. It can also recall the scene of that year.

Vajra Buddha Hall

The Huishan gate (South Gate) of the national protection temple is not open. Visitors go through the East-West Corner Gate. After entering, you can see a Buddha Hall called the diamond hall. At that time, the mountain gate and corner gate were demolished in the early 1950s, and the building was built for Beijing Watch glasses company. The King Kong hall in the back is used as a storehouse, and this building is still in the five major buildings of Huguo temple, longfu temple, Baita temple, earth temple and flower market

Chinese PinYin : Hu Guo Si