Huaqing Palace

Huaqing Palace has been a royal bathing resort since ancient times. It is said that it was once the bathing place for Yang Guifei. It is said that the king of Zhou you of the Western Zhou Dynasty once built Li Guan here. There are relatively complete cultural sites of Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang, Ming and Qing Dynasties, garden landscape, ancient buildings, ancient trees and other cultural relics left here. It is especially famous for the love story between Emperor Ming of Tang Dynasty and imperial concubine Yang and the "Xi'an Incident" which shocked China and foreign countries. The Qin, Han and Sui dynasties built it one after another, and the Tang Dynasty added it several times.

There are many cultural areas in Huaqing Palace, such as Tang Yutang site museum, wujianting, Jiulong lake and Furong Lake scenic area, Tang Liyuan site museum, and some landmark buildings, such as Feishuang hall, Wanshou hall, Changsheng hall, Huanyuan and Yuwang hall. Lishan Mountain is 1302 meters above sea level. The old mother's hall, the old king's hall, the beacon tower, the military admonition Pavilion, the stone urn temple, the Yuxian bridge and other scenic spots are all over the place.

essential information

Construction background

Huaqing Palace is a farewell palace for feudal emperors in Tang Dynasty. Back to the mountain and facing the Wei River, it is built on the mountain of Li mountain. It has a grand scale and magnificent buildings. The buildings are all over Li mountain. Tang poet Bai Juyi's poem "Li Gong Gao" says: "there is a palace on the high Li mountain, and the Zhu Lou Zi Dian is three or four fold.". The poem Huaqing Palace written by Qian Weiqiao of Qing Dynasty says: "the palace of Huaqing has a foot in Lishan Mountain, and the jade palace is connected by thousands of weights.". Lishan has a pleasant scenery, and hot springs can remove evil and diseases. It is said that as far back as 3000 years ago in the Western Zhou Dynasty, it has become the lucky place for the emperor of Zhou. At that time, the hot spring was called "star soup". "Three Qin Ji" records: "at the beginning of the first emperor, the building was built with stone, named Lishan Tang, and decorated with Han Wu.". In the fourth year of Tianhe (569), Emperor Wu of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he ordered Otsuka Zaiwen to build the stone well of huangtang. In 583, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty planted thousands of pines and cypresses to build houses. By the Tang Dynasty, it gradually formed a large scale. In 644 of the 18th year of Zhenguan reign of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, Jiang xingben, a general of Zuowei, was ordered to be a great craftsman, Yan Lide, to build a palace Pavilion and give it the name of "Tangquan Palace". "CE Fu Yuan GUI" contains: "Zhenguan 22 years (648) the first month of 1898, the emperor such as Wentang. Guimao, the imperial monument to show the officials. In the second year of Xianheng, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (671), it was renamed Wenquan palace. In the sixth year of Tianbao (747) of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, the hot spring palace was the Huaqing Palace, "the Department of Baisi District, which was set up in the ring palace, ordered Guanzong longitude to Lishan Mountain, spared rocks to pick up a place for the emperor to visit" (fangguanzhuan of Tang Dynasty). Huaqing Palace is also called Lishan palace because it is in Lishan Mountain. Bai Juyi "Li Gong Gao" poem: "Li Gong Gao Xi into the cloud.". Lishan is as beautiful as embroidery. It is named Xiuling, and the palace is also named Xiuling palace because of its mountain name. Tang Dynasty poets Cui Tu, Li Shangyin and Cui Daorong chanted Huaqing Palace, all of which were named "Xiuling Palace".

Historical changes

Huaqing Palace was built in the early Tang Dynasty and flourished after the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty managed and built such a grand palace. He visited here almost every October. At the end of the year, Chang'an is still alive. Therefore, there is a famous saying that "on October 1, the emperor came, and there was no dust on the green rope road.". According to the records of Lintong County written by Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, during the 40 years from the second year of Kaiyuan (714) to the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755), he visited Huaqing Palace 36 times, sometimes twice a year. The scale of the tour is very large, "thousands of flags are covered in the fields, and the clouds glow with vegetation.". "Eighty one carts, ten million rides, banquets in the morning and gifts in the evening.". It is equivalent to moving the government organs of Chang'an to Lishan, with Huaqing Palace as the center, forming a new city. After the an Shi rebellion, the political situation suddenly changed, and Tang Xuanzong finally fell from the throne of the emperor. The fortune of Huaqing Palace declined rapidly. After the Tang Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties seldom visited Huaqing Palace. In the Tianfu reign of emperor Gaozu in the later Jin Dynasty, the destroyed Huaqing Palace was "changed to Lingquan Temple" and given to Taoist. In Song Dynasty, "Tang Suo Guan Dian, Ju Wei Mao Cao", the buildings were very dilapidated. According to the relics of Huaqing Palace, the people of Song Dynasty could only publish the Palace Museum pictures on the stone to let the later generations know the heyday of Huaqing Palace in Tang Dynasty. Before 1261, Zhao Zhigu and others organized folk forces to renovate the Huaqing Palace in 15 years. Eight halls including Sanqing palace, two pavilions of Chaoyuan and Chongming dynasties, and soup pools including Jiulong and Furong were built (according to Qianlong's version of Lintong county annals). And then it went down. In the winter and November of 1702, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty rebuilt HuaQingChi (the former Huaqing Palace) when he visited the West. During the period of the Republic of China, there were also several renovations. However, the ancient buildings in Huaqing pool and Lishan Mountain were about the same pattern preserved after the reconstruction in the early Qing Dynasty. Before liberation, there were few soup pools, few palaces and a scene of dilapidation. After liberation, the people's government has carried out large-scale expansion since 1959, such as building soup pools, building temples, building hotels and opening gardens, which has made the ancient Huaqing Palace full of youth and become a place for the people to play.

Scale and form

From the literature records and field investigation, it is generally known that the scope of Huaqing Palace is as follows: from the south to the first peak of xixiuling in Lishan Mountain (the beacon tower of Zhou Dynasty), from the north to the north of the present county. East to shiwenggu (Sigou). West to the west side of the railway sanatorium mudangou. Palace City (namely Luocheng), South to the root of the mountain, north to today's county city, South word, east to Dongyao village, West to the swimming pool. In 1967, Xinhua Bookstore built a business building in the northwest corner of Nansha, and found the base of the north wall of the palace city made of bluestone. In the spring of 1981, urban construction units found the same north wall base in the north of T-shaped road of West Street. In the winter of 1982, two sections of Dongliao wall protruded from the hillside in the south of Sigou village. According to the investigation, excavation and literature, the layout of Huaqing Palace is rigorous, tortuous and grand. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang dynasty built this luxurious palace for his own entertainment. However, once upon a time, his dream was shattered by the "Yuyang drum". Since the Song Dynasty and the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the original buildings have disappeared. To record its relics is to highlight our national culture, and use it as a reference to establish a new era of scenic spots for the masses to visit. The Huaqing Palace in Tang Dynasty made full use of the favorable terrain, making it a large palace complex with rigorous structure and magnificence. The main hall is centered on the hot spring, which constitutes the core of Huaqing Palace. Then it spreads out to the top and bottom of the mountain. According to the characteristics of the terrain, pavilions and pavilions of different types and uses are set up. At the same time, green pines and cypresses, litchi garden, Furong garden, pear garden, pepper garden and east garden are distributed among them, which makes the whole Huaqing Palace more enchanting. In addition to the palace city (Luocheng), there are also curling walls around it. Besides the walls, there are also many buildings listed. According to the records of Lintong County written by Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, "the Tang well is famous for its unique style, the halls and pavilions are of different systems, and the beauty of the garden caves and gullies is almost beyond the realm of human beings.".

Fengong District: Eastern District, central district and western district. Outside the palace and between the walls: West, north, East. Buildings outside the wall: West, North and East. Lishan palace building: West Xiuling and East Xiuling and other parts.

Miyagi District

The palace city is Luocheng. The important buildings of Huaqing Palace are all set up here. Surrounded by Luocheng, there are four gates.

palace gate

[Beimen (jinyangmen)] is named because it faces Weijin. The preface of Zheng Yu's poem Jinyang gate says: "the gate of Jinyang is outside the Huaqing Palace. It's forbidden in the South and Beijing Road in the north.". According to the local chronicles of Lintong County written by Emperor Qianlong, "the palace lies on the mountain, faces the Wei River, faces the north, and takes the north gate as the main gate, which is called Jinyang gate.".

[East Gate (Kaiyang gate)] is named because it opens to the sun. From north to south, there are Guanfeng tower, Chongming Pavilion, four holy halls, Yichun Pavilion, cockfighting hall, jinggetai, Wangmu temple and other buildings outside Kaiyang gate. It is the central scenic spot of Huaqing Palace.

[the South Gate (Zhaoyang gate)] takes the light of the sun, and its essence is the meaning of Zhaoming. According to Lintong county annals written by Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, "it is also called the mountain gate, and the Royal chariot is the access to the mountain.".

Ximen is famous as Jingmen, because it faces Chang'an in Kyoto. There are watermelon garden, flower terrace, lotus garden and plum blossom altar outside the gate. It is the Royal Garden in the palace.

The central axis is the South and north gate, and the palace is divided into three areas by the wall.

East Area

[yaoguanglou, Liyuan] Chang'an annals: "the east of jinyangmen is yaoguanglou, and the south is Xiaotang.". Jinyangmen poem: "the south of yaoguanglou is forbidden.". (Note: Yaoguang building is the north gate of Feishuang Hall). "There is a pear garden in the west of Xiaotang" in Qianlong's Lintong county annals. The pear garden is the place where Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei taught the disciples of pear garden in Huaqing Palace. According to the records of rites and music in the old book of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty chose "three hundred children of zuobuji" to teach in Liyuan, and called them disciples of emperor Liyuan. There are hundreds of maids in the palace, also known as "disciples of pear garden". This is the headquarters of pear garden, in the north of Xi'an. This is the origin of later generations' names for actors and theatres.

[Feishuang hall] is the main building in this area. In Chang'an annals, "the south of yaoguanglou is called feishuangdian.". The poem "the moon is quiet in front of the hall of flying frost". (Note: the hall of flying frost is the hall of sleeping.)

[Yutang Jiulong hall] Chang'an annals: "in the south of Feishuang hall". Ming Huang Za Lu: "emperor Xinghua of the Yuan Dynasty, Qing palace, new GUANGTANG pond, magnificent production, Anlu mountain in Fanyang, white jade stone for fish dragon Fu Yan, stone beam stone lotus to offer, carving ingenious, almost not artificial. On the big Yue, life Chen in the soup, is the stone beam across the pool, and the lotus just out of the water, because of luck. They are about to enter when they are undressed, while fish, dragons, ducks and geese are all like Fenlin, raising their wings to fly away. He was so afraid that he ordered him to withdraw, but the stone lotus still exists today. Southern new book is similar to this. In Jia's Tan Lu: "there are 18 places in Tangquan, the first one is Yutang. It's surrounded by several Zhangs of white stone. It's as clear as jade. It's covered with fish, dragons, flowers and birds. It's surrounded by stones

Chinese PinYin : Hua Qing Gong