Astragalus

Aster

synonym

Aster (perennial perennial herb) generally refers to aster

Aster (scientific name: < iaster tataricus L. F. < / I), alias: Qingyuan, Ziqian, xiaozhui, etc.; aster of Compositae, perennial herb, with oblique rhizome. The stem is erect, 40-50cm high, stout, with fibrous dead leaf fragments at the base, often with adventitious roots, edges and grooves, sparse coarse hairs and sparse leaves. The basal leaves wither at anthesis, oblong or elliptic spatulate, and the lower part narrows to a long stalk.

It is mainly produced in Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Northeast China. It is also distributed in Korea, Japan and other places abroad. It usually grows in wet riverside areas. It is a traditional Chinese medicine. It has the effect of treating wind cold, cough, asthma, asthenia cough and vomiting pus and blood.

morphological character

Herbs perennial, rhizome obliquely ascending. The stem is erect, 40-50cm high, stout, with fibrous dead leaf fragments at the base, often with adventitious roots, edges and grooves, sparse coarse hairs and sparse leaves. The basal leaves wither at flowering, oblong or elliptic spoon shaped, the lower part gradually narrowed, long petiole, 20-50 cm long and 3-13 cm wide, apex pointed or acuminate, margin with small pointed round teeth or shallow teeth. The lower leaves are spatulate oblong, often smaller, the lower part narrowed or sharply narrowed into a broad winged stalk, acuminate, margin densely serrate except the top; the middle leaves are oblong or oblong lanceolate, sessile, entire or shallowly toothed, the upper leaves are narrow; all leaves are papery, covered with short bristles on the upper part, and slightly sparse but densely short bristles along the veins on the lower part; the midvein is stout, opposite to 5-10. Veins prominent below, reticulate veins conspicuous.

Inflorescences numerous, 2.5-4.5 cm in diameter, arranged in compound corymbose on stem and branch ends; peduncle long, linear bracts. Involucre hemispherical, 7-9 mm long, 10-25 mm in diameter; involucre 3-layered, linear or linear lanceolate, apex pointed or rounded, outer layer 3-4 mm long, 1 mm wide, all or upper herbaceous, densely short hairy, inner layer 8 mm long, 1 mm wide. 5 mm, margin broadly membranous and purplish red, with grassy midrib. More than 20 ligulate flowers; tube length 3 mm, tongue blue purple, 15-17 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, with 4 veins; tube length 6-7 mm and slightly hairy, lobes 1.5 mm long; style appendages lanceolate, 0.5 mm long.

Achene obovate oblong, purplish brown, 2.5-3 mm long, with 1 or few 3 veins on each side, upper part coarsely hirsute. Corolla dirty white or reddish, 6 mm long, with many unequal hairs. The flowering period is from July to September and the fruiting period is from August to October.

Growth habit

It grows in low mountain and shady slope wetland, mountain top, low mountain grassland and swamp at an altitude of 400-2000 meters. It is resistant to waterlogging, drought and cold.

geographical distribution

Domestic distribution: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Eastern and Southern Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, western Henan (Lushi), Shaanxi and southern Gansu (Lintao, Chengxian, etc.).

Foreign distribution: also distributed in Korea, Japan and eastern Siberia of Russia.

cultivation techniques

Land selection and preparation

The plots with flat terrain, deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and good drainage were selected as planting plots. Before planting, the soil was deeply ploughed for more than 30cm. Combined with ploughing, 3000kg of decomposed stable manure and 50kg of superphosphate were applied to each mu (667m), which were turned into the soil as base fertilizer. Before sowing, shallow ploughing was carried out for 20cm. After leveling and thinning, a 1.3m wide high border was made, with a width of 40cm.

Plant and protect seedlings

After 10 cm soil thawing in spring, the rhizome with thick, purple red, dense and short nodes and dormant buds was selected as seed plant. The middle part of the rhizome was cut into 5-7 cm segments with 2-3 dormant buds in each segment, and then it was cut and planted at any time. When planting, the horizontal furrow should be opened according to the row spacing of 25-30cm, the depth of furrow should be 5-7cm, the eye of planting root and bud should be upward, the furrow should be placed 1-2 sections according to the specification of plant spacing of 15-17cm, the covering soil should be flush with the border surface, after planting, the furrow should be slightly compacted, watered once, and then covered with a layer of grass to keep warm and moisture. Remove the cover grass after the seedlings are full, so as to conserve moisture and seedlings.

Field management

When the height of the seedling is 7-9cm, it should be combined with the cultivation and weeding. It should be combined with the cultivation and weeding. It should be applied with the compost of 300kg and cake fertilizer of 50kg per mu, which should be furrowed beside the plant and covered with the soil. If there are weeds after sealing, pull them out by hand. After rain or irrigation, drain ditches in time and irrigate in case of drought. If bolting is found, it should be cut off in time.

Pest control

Root rot

It mainly damages the base of stem and the head of reed. In the early stage of the disease, the roots and rhizomes became brown and rotten, and brown spindle shaped lesions appeared at the base of petioles. Prevention and treatment: at the beginning of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP L1000 times liquid or 50% methyl sulphur carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray control.

Black spot

At the beginning of the disease, purple black spots appeared on the leaves, and then expanded to near round dark brown spots. Prevention and treatment: at the beginning of the disease, 65% times of DZP 500 times liquid or 50% methyl thiazulon wettable powder 1000 times liquid spray control, 7 times 1 times, repeated 3 times.

Spodoptera litura

The larvae eat the leaves, causing holes or notches. Control method: kill 1000 by 90% of the enemy's crystal.

Medicinal value

Taste: bitter, warm.

Indications: warming lung, lowering Qi, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough. It is used to treat wind cold, cough, asthma, cough due to asthenia, vomiting of pus and blood, obstruction of the throat and adverse urination.

Usage and dosage: oral: decoction, 0.5 ~ 3 money; or into the pill, powder.

Pharmacological action:

(1) expectorant effect: Traditional Chinese medicine believes that aster has the functions of warming lung, lowering Qi, eliminating phlegm and stopping cough. The results showed that water decoction had expectorant effect, but not antitussive and antiasthmatic effect; benzene and methanol extracts also had expectorant effect.

(2) antibacterial effect: aster has certain inhibitory effect on 7 kinds of gram-negative intestinal pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentery, proteus, typhoid, paratyphoid, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae in vitro, and has the effect of antagonizing pathogenic fungi.

(3) antiviral effect: the decoction has obvious inhibitory effect on influenza virus in chicken embryo allantois.

(4) antitumor effect: it has been reported that epirubicin isolated has antitumor effect on Ehrlich ascites cancer in mice; it has also been reported that cyclopeptide isolated from n-butanol extract of Aster root has antitumor activity on S180.

Toxicity: aster saponin has hemolytic effect, the preparation is not suitable for intravenous injection.

It is discussed by many scholars

① According to the book of Materia Medica Jing Shu, "aster can open the throat obstruction and take out the evil saliva, so it has a great effect on dispersing the bitter cold. Its warm nature, cough and asthmatic cough of lung disease are all due to yin deficiency and lung heat syndrome, so it is not suitable for special use and multiple use. Even if it is used, it must be combined with the herbs of asparagus, Stemona, Ophiopogon japonicus and cortex mori. "

② "Materia medica tongxuan": "aster is pungent but not dry, moist but not cold, tonic but not stagnant. However, it can't be used alone or in many ways. If you can't urinate and drown, take one or two of them. "

③ "Ben Cao Zheng" says: "aster can enter the lung with pungent, and can reduce Qi with bitter. Therefore, it can be used to treat cough, upper Qi and phlegm asthma, but it can be used to treat cough, saliva, pus and blood caused by excess Qi in the lung, or fire evil punishing gold. When we look at Tao's BIE Lu, we can say that it is not enough, but it is also too much. "

④ "Medicine Huayi": "aster, sweet and bitter taste, cool and moist body, just in line with the lung blood. It is mainly used for the treatment of lung burning and leaf lifting, long-term coughing with blood in phlegm, and lung flaccidity, phlegm asthma, diabetes, so that the lung orifices have the function of cooling and enriching. When it is used in the liver meridian, the exterior disease of the liver is caused by insufficient exertion and heat; the interior disease of the liver is caused by accumulation of heat and Qi; the liver is also affected by vomiting and bleeding; the liver is also affected by bloody stool and drowning; all of them are effective. Because of its moistening body, it is good at nourishing the kidney, covering the kidney and governing the two stools, so as to moisten the stool dryness, promote the urination shortness and redness, develop Yin and Yang, and dredge the obstruction. In the same place, Ophiopogon japonicus enters the heart, calms the mind and nourishes the blood. With Cortex Moutan, Radix Paeoniae Rubra into the stomach, Qingre Liangxue. The mulberry bark is the medicine of Qi in lung, and the aster is the medicine of blood in lung. "

⑤ "Materia medica Fengyuan": "aster is the medicine of lung golden and blood division. In this classic, it can relieve cough and go against upper Qi, and the cold and heat in the chest can accumulate Qi. It can take the nature to dredge and benefit the blood gas of lung meridian. Those who get rid of the poisonous insects and flaccid cudgels can disperse and reduce Qi because of their painstaking and mild temperature. The poisonous insects can't stay. Flaccid cudgels are caused by the heat of the lung and the scorching of the leaves. Aster is specially used to activate the lung qi and remove the heat from the cudgels. Bielu has the effect of nourishing the blood gas of lung meridian in treating cough, saliva, pus and blood, eliminating phlegm and relieving thirst in Daming. Zeqi Decoction in "Golden Chamber" is used to treat patients with cough and blood stasis, cough belongs to lung, and blood stasis is caused by blood stasis. It can also cure dysentery and lung pain, and has the same effect as purple ginseng. "

⑥ "Materia medica justice" says: "aster is soft and moist. Although it is bitter, pungent and warm, it is not explosive and strong. It can expel lung depression, calm cough and reduce adverse reactions, dredge Qi and blood, and dredge Qi and blood of lung family. All kinds of syndromes, such as wind and cold, Lung Qi congestion, cough and choking, wheezing and roaring, burning of Qi and fire, depression as lung carbuncle, cough and vomiting, pus and blood, phlegm stinking and filthy, can be cured.

Chinese PinYin : Zi Yuan