Yuquan mountain

Yuquan mountain

Yuquan mountain, a mountain, is located five or six miles west of the summer palace. The Yuquan mountain, which has six peaks and meanders from north to south, is the branch of the east foot of the western mountain. In the "sun of the mountain", the most prominent part of the mountain is that "the soil pattern is hidden, making Canglong scales, sand marks, stone gaps, and springs everywhere.".

Because the spring here is "clear and green, clear and clean as jade", it is called "jade spring". In the early Ming Dynasty, Wang Ying wrote a poem: "the spring at the foot of the mountain is like a jade rainbow, and the clear water is not the same as the other springs.". This mountain is also called "Yuquan mountain".

The origin of Yuquan

Yuquan in Beijing is on Yuquan mountain, which is named after the spring. The spring water gushes from the stone gap between the mountains, and the water rolls with silver flowers, just like a jade rainbow. Before the Ming Dynasty, there was the saying of "jade spring Chuihong", which was listed as one of the eight sceneries of Yanjing. It is said that Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty often visited here for sightseeing. In order to verify the water quality of this spring, people can draw water samples from famous springs all over the country and compare it with Yuquan water. Weighing results show that Jinan pearl spring, Wuxi Huishan spring, Hangzhou Hupao spring, Suzhou Huqiu spring and so on, each bucket (silver small bucket) weighs more than 12% and only Yuquan water, each bucket weighs only one or two. The water is light and sweet, so Qianlong granted it the first spring in the world and inscribed "Yuquan Baotu".

Yuquan mountain is located at the foot of Xishan Mountain in Haidian District of Beijing, on the west side of the summer palace. The mountain is northwest trending, shaped like a saddle, with a depth of 1300 meters, the widest part from east to west is about 450 meters, and the main peak is 100 meters above sea level. Strange rocks and secluded caves in the mountains, gurgling streams, flowing springs and living water, there is a saying of geomantic treasure land. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the court water was transported from Yuquan and became one of the folk water sources. Since the yuan and Ming Dynasties, it has been a famous scenic spot in the suburbs of Beijing.

It is said that when Emperor Qianlong traveled south of the Yangtze River, he specially used cars to transport Yuquan water for drinking on the road. But when I came to Jinan, I tasted Baotu Spring. I thought it was sweeter than Yuquan water, so I gave Baotu Spring the name of the best spring in the world. From Jinan to the south, Baotu Spring was used instead.

Historical development

Because it is close to the mountain and water, and not far from the central capital, it was favored by the rulers at the end of the 12th century. It is said that Jin Zhangzong once built Yuquan mountain palace and Furong hall here. Since the yuan and Ming Dynasties, it has become a place for emperors to spend their summer holidays. At the end of the 13th century, Kublai Khan, the emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, built the Zhaohua temple here; during the reign of emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty, there were SHANGXIA Huayan Temple and so on. In 1680, the original palaces and temples were renovated and expanded. In the 31th year of Kangxi, the original "Chengxin garden" was renamed "Jingming garden". The magnificent Jingming garden in Yuquan mountain has become one of the "three mountains and five gardens" and is famous all over the world. In 1860, the British and French invaders destroyed it, and in the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty, it was restored.

Book records

The historical records of Jingming garden in Yuquan mountain include: Jingming garden book, Changan Hakka dialect, Goushan collection, Yandu sightseeing records, Baiyan collection, Nanhao collection, shuipin, Jiyuan Jisuo Jilu, jingjingwulue of imperial capital, Dai Sicheng collection, huailutang collection, geography of Jin history, zhangzongji of Jin history, Shizu Ji of yuan history In the book of history of the Yuan Dynasty, the collection of Qianxi and the research of rixia old news.

There are six gates in Jingming garden of Yuquan mountain. The main gate is commonly known as Nangong gate. To the east of the gate are Donggong gate, Xiaonanmen and Xiaodongmen, to the west is Xigong gate, and to the northwest is Jiaqiang gate.

Yuquan mountain is famous for its sweet and mellow water. In the past, people used to measure the water quality by the weight of water. The light one was better and the heavy one was worse. Most of the ancient people in the past took the valley curtain water of Lushan Mountain in Jiangxi province or the Jinshan water of Yangtze River as the first, and the Hupao spring water of Huishan mountain as the second. In order to judge the famous springs in the world, Qianlong ordered the internal affairs department to make a silver bucket survey. The result is: the Pearl Spring in Jinan weighs 12.2%, the Jinshan mountain in the Yangtze River weighs 12.3%, the Hupao spring in Huishan weighs 12.4%, the Pingshan water weighs 12.6%, the Liangshan, Baisha, Huqiu and Biyun Temple weigh 12.1%, only the water in Yuquan and Yixun weighs 1.2%, and the water is light, sweet and beautiful. From then on, Yuquan water was designated as the drinking water of Qing palace. Qianlong personally inscribed the stele of "the first spring in the world" and wrote a poem: "Wushuang water is the name of the first spring.". The "Jingxi rice" irrigated by Yuquan mountain spring water is still a precious rice. Yeluchut, the Prime Minister of the Yuan Dynasty, used Yuquan water to make ink and named it "Yuquan new ink", which is a top-grade product.

Qianlong was very fond of the scenery of Yuquan mountain. He named the scenery in the garden "Sixteen sceneries" by himself. Each scene was named after four characters and each poem was inscribed on it

(1) Kuoran Dagong (2) Furong Qingzhao (3) Yuquan Baotu (4) zhulongshanfang

(5) Shengyin comprehensive painting (6) embroidered wall Poetry (7) Xitian kegeng (8) Qingliang Buddhist grottoes

(9) Cloud path with fragrance (10) music of snow in Gorge (11) shadow of Yufeng tower (12) clear listening of wind

(13) Mirror shadow (14) ripping silk lake light (15) bell outside the cloud (16) green cloud Jiayin

Although Qianlong named the outstanding sixteen sceneries, he thought: "Yuquan mountain covers the spiritual realm. Although the pavilions are embellished, sometimes there is obscurity; and the mountains and rivers are absorbed, and the haze is always associated with the creation. Therefore, the meeting at one time is quite different from before and after, and the direction is different with one step. I can describe it with 16 scenes. " Qianlong chanted the Qingyin studio, huazi Pavilion, Guanfeng Pavilion, Guanyin cave, shangyulou, Feiyun, shimoquan, fenjianqu, Xiqin corridor, Yanyuan hall, Liyun Pavilion, Luohan cave, RuRu room, cengmingyu, jinzhuquan and Xinyuan Pavilion. From this we can see how colorful the scenery of Jingming garden was.

Yuquan mountain was the imperial garden of the feudal emperors. Without the special gift of the emperor, even the court ministers could not enter it.

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, more than ten people, such as the grand master and the Secretary of state, were awarded to visit Yuquan mountain. Hu Guang once wrote a poem: "there is a spring at the foot of the Yuquan mountain, and the spring is hanging in the mirror in the color of the tree; but it takes the West Lake to connect with the inner garden, and goes straight down to Tianjin, leading to hundreds of rivers." Zhu Rifan once wrote a poem: "laugh at Penglai stone, spring peach trees and flowers; rein white deer in Xiantan, children play in Jinsha; a couch of hermit's room, three carts of elderly people's home; grinding the plain wall by the king, more than Fu Qingxia."

legend

There is a Yuquan mountain in the western suburb of Beijing. From a long distance, you can see the towering pagoda standing high on the top of the mountain, which makes the lake and mountain scenery here particularly beautiful. There is a beautiful legend about the pagoda of Yuquan mountain!

It is said that in the old age, here is still a swamp, people can only plant a few thin fields on the edge of the mountain to live. In summer, you can see the high water column from the lake. They say it's a sea eye.

Later, there was an official in Beijing who wanted to do a good thing for the people. He mobilized the people around him to carry earth, carry rocks and fill the sea eyes, trying to fill up the puddle. For three years in a row, they piled up a small hill, but the sea eye was still not filled. One day, everyone was worried. An old man with black beard came up on the construction site, carrying the burden of a curium pot. He was dressed in a blue cloth jacket, a thousand layer shoes with white edges, and a white T-shirt inside. When he saw people groaning, he asked, "what's the matter with you? Why are you so worried? " People started talking. The old man said, "yes, I have an idea." We are glad to hear that the old man has an idea! The news, like wings, immediately reached the ears of the site manager. The manager came to see the old man at once. At first glance, the old man was ordinary in appearance, but unusual in spirit. Although he didn't come down to earth like an immortal, he was respected. So the manager respected the old man very much and told him about the process of water control in the past three years. After hearing this, the old man said, "will you bring me a thousand good guys?" The manager said, "OK! that 's ok! Don't say a thousand, even if you need ten thousand, it's not difficult! " The old man said, "can you find someone to help me make 1000 copies of this kind of furniture I picked?" The manager said, "yes! It will be complete within half a month. " The old man said, "good! All the people follow me up the mountain and fix a steamed bread on it. " So, he measured the size on the mountain to the north of Haiyan, and built the earth "steamed bread". Half a month later, the manager came to see the old man with a thousand young men, each carrying a curium pot. The old man said with a smile: "every 250 people in a group, the southeast and northwest separate, the wind furnace iron bar!" People divided into molten iron, and the mountains were red at night. Seven days later, under the command of the old man, people poured molten iron on the top of the steamed bread from all sides, so a huge iron pot was made. It's a pity that there is still a furnace short of hot metal. As a result, the iron material is gone, and there is a gap on the edge of the pot, which is not cast. The old man said, "forget it! Let's turn the pot over from north to South and listen to my call. Let's work hard together As expected, the people lifted the big pot from the north, and saw the huge iron pot turned over and rolled south along the mountain. The old man Blackbeard went up and took advantage of the fact that the pot had not turned steadily. He flew up, and the pot turned over again. It was right on the eye. In order to hold the big pot down, people built this seven level exquisite pagoda on the pot. When Haiyan was suppressed, people looked for the old man with black beard everywhere on the construction site, but they couldn't find him. Only then did people know that it was Master Lu Ban's "sage". Some people said, "it's a pity that there is a piece missing from the edge of the iron pot. If there are a lot of pieces, it would be great." Soon, people found that from this gap to exude a clear spring, as white and transparent as jade, cool and sweet. This spring becomes the source of water nearby. The rice planted in the place where the spring flows is the famous "Jingxi rice". People eat that oil

Chinese PinYin : Yu Quan Shan