Lu house

Lu house

Ancient Chinese residential buildings. Located in Luzhai village, Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province. Since the Song Dynasty, Lu family has settled here and lived together for generations. From the 19th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1421) when Lu Ruicheng became a Jinshi, to the middle of Qing Dynasty, many large-scale houses were built one after another, forming a relatively complete Ming and Qing residential complex, which is also a typical feudal family settlement. In 1988, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

brief introduction

Located in Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province, Lu house is a famous ancient architectural complex in the south of the Yangtze River. Along the two axes of Suyong hall and Shude hall, there are six groups of buildings, including fangbodi, zhushidi, dafudi, shijinshi, Wutai hall and Longwei hall, with a depth of more than 300 meters and an area of more than 500 mu. The whole building community is simple and elegant, grand and beautiful, with extraordinary momentum, showing the Lu clan settlement structure linked by blood relationship, which typically reflects the strong local characteristics of Dongyang wood carving and the traditional Fengshui consciousness of feudal literati. It is praised as "a cultural heritage with international level" by experts at home and abroad.

Lu's residence is located in the east gate of Dongyang County, Zhejiang Province. It was built from 1456 to 1462, and then became a large-scale residential group. The house covers an area of about 5 hectares and is composed of more than ten groups of houses arranged along the north-south axis. The main axis passes through three stone archways along the screen wall, turns to Suyong hall and Leshou hall, and ends at Shiyong hall. The house is surrounded by rivers, which connect the inside and outside of the house through nine bridges across the river. Zhaiqian Avenue leads to the east gate of Dongyang City in the West. From the numerous memorial archways in front of the gate, we can see that this is a family settlement where officials have lived for generations. Suyong hall is the main hall of the whole house. Its layout is similar to that of Yansheng mansion in Qufu. In front of the hall, there are two doors and two rooms, with East and West chambers on both sides. The plane of Suyong hall is in I-shape, and the front and back halls are connected into one by the hall. Among them, the front hall was originally the roof of Xieshan, but later it was changed into two mansions hanging on the top of the mountain, but the interior wood frame still retains the practice of Xieshan corner, and the style of the brackets is also very gorgeous. According to the regulations of Ming Dynasty, the residence of pingguan is not allowed to use Xieshan. Therefore, is the roof modification of the front hall of Suyong hall a remedial measure taken by the owner to avoid the crime of "overstepping the system"? This phenomenon is very rare in the Ming Dynasty.

area covered

Lu family is a famous family in Wuzhou. In the five hundred years since Lu Ruizhong became a Jinshi in the 19th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1421), there were 27 candidates in the provincial examination, two winners and eight Jinshi in the palace examination. There were more than 150 people involved in the official career, including a generation of important officials. Because of the prosperity of his family, the Lu family built houses and properties one after another, resulting in thousands of houses, contiguous courtyards, crisscross streets and lanes, occupying more than 500 mu of land, namely Lu house.

Detailed layout

The Luzhai Suyong hall, built six years ago, is a I-shaped structure with a depth of 320 meters. It is a combination of Dongyang wood carving and color painting, and a combination of brick carving and stone carving. There are more than 300 exquisite palace lanterns of Ming and Qing Dynasties in the hall.

The axis of Suyong hall is the main building. There are more than 20 existing buildings from Jingtai of Ming Dynasty to the early Republic of China, which are concentrated on both sides of the axis of Suyong hall. The axis of Suyong hall has nine entrances: Jiebao gate, Guoguang gate, hall of Suyong hall, Suyong main hall, Leshou hall, Shiyong gate tower, Shiyong hall, middle hall and back building.

East Side: in front of it, there is the axis of the West German Hall (in turn, the four entrances of Xiangyu hall, Jiahui hall, West German back hall and West German upper Hall).

The axis of Shude Hall (the front hall, the middle hall and the back building in turn) and the East chanting Hall of dafudi.

Back hall axis (now Shanqing hall and xiangxu Hall), AI RI hall.

West side: Cunyi hall adjacent to Yimen and shijinshi Zhongxiao hall parallel to it. Facing the street in the south, there are East and West lotus Pavilion academy and ice jade hall, covering an area of 25000 square meters.

Suyong hall house, rigorous and regular, left and right symmetry. The lanterns in Suyong hall began in the Ming Dynasty and flourished in the Qing Dynasty. There are all kinds of lanterns described in a dream of Red Mansions. The existing hall lamp of Suyong hall is particularly gorgeous and elegant. Under the treasure cover, there are three main lamps of sheepskin, silk and horn in the middle, which are connected up and down. There are six strings of 24 small lamps of sheep horn and basket lamp hanging outside. The hall lamp is 4.5m high and weighs 255kg. It was put through with 400000 colored glass beads and has been recorded in the Guinness Book of records.

architectural style

The general layout of Lu's residence is centered on Lu's ancestral hall. The three halls of Fu Jing, Su Yong and Shu De stand in tripod, and the gardens, memorial archways and halls are stacked in layers. Among them, the hall of the hall is surrounded by elegant rivers, the hall is built with magnificent houses, the decoration is magnificent and gorgeous, the architectural style is dignified and simple, and the ancient essence of the ancient China is enriched. It becomes a famous family in the south of the Yangtze River. This complex is known as the "folk Palace Museum". Suyong hall is not only the name of the Forbidden City, but also the reality of the Forbidden City. It is the only ancient residence in China with nine entrances in depth. It is the first one in Jiangnan. Its front and rear axes are 320 meters deep. The spatial sequence is very similar to that of the Forbidden City in Beijing. It shows the pride of Lu's former residence. It can't help but remind people whether the craftsmen here have extended their time in the construction of the Forbidden City because of the exquisite Suyong hall in their hometown It continues the style here. Dongyang wood carvings are widely used in the halls of Lu's residence. Walking into the old mansion, exquisite woodcarving works can be seen everywhere. The furnishings around and the woodcarving inlaid on the walls and columns are all superb and exquisite. Whether it's architectural components such as Dou, Gong, Liang, door, window, or interior furniture, each wood carving is skillfully constructed and elaborately carved, with rich meanings. The morality and etiquette extended from it enlighten the descendants of the Lu family, which is why the family flourished for more than 20 generations. "Su Yong Tang Ji" records: "Su, respect also, ceremony is also established; Yong, Yonghe also, where music is born." Since ancient times, Lu's family has been a scholar of respect for teachers and respect for morality. In order to read widely, write books, and teach children, Xianfeng academy, heting academy, Yaxi academy and other ten academies and libraries have been built by using the elegant and secluded environment of the surrounding hills and Yaxi Academy. At that time, literati and poets, either living or reciting lectures, left a square plaque, a pair of boards, like a page of history, but also inspired the descendants of Lu to forge ahead.

As the core and representative of Lu's house, the name of Suyong hall comes from the book of songs · Zhou Song · You Yu: "sujue sound, Suhe sound." It means respect and harmony. The hall is five bay wide, ten purlin deep, and 10.6 meters high. It has carved beams and painted buildings. The color paintings of the Dougong are based on the delicate peony, with the huge dragon and phoenix patterns. In the hall of Suyong hall, there is a hall lamp named "Baogai suolulian Sanju Qicai Sui Yangjiao lamp", which shows the level of ancient craftsmanship. The hall lamp is 4.05M high, 2.1m in diameter and 127.5kg in weight. It is made of 400000 glass beads. The top of the lamp is crossed by the center of the three iron arms to form a hexagon. In the middle of the lamp is a string of main lamps, with a total of three lamps hanging up and down. In turn, there are hexagon sheepskin lamp, octagonal filament lamp and red sheep horn lamp. Around the hexagon, there are a string of small lamps, with three lamps up and down. The lower edge is surrounded by colored beads and decorated with 12 words such as "stars never shine at night, all things shaking, colorful lotus torch". Look at the elegant, brilliant. This lamp has been recorded in the Guinness Book of records. The Suyong hall is especially unique in that it has a movable Shikumen which can be separated and combined in the front four entrances, and a waterproof gutter on the top of the double span hall, so the drainage of the whole building is very smooth. If there is a rainstorm, the water level will reach the top of the man's forehead, and it will be discharged from the hall within half an hour after the rain stops. It seems that no matter the area is large or the facilities are advanced, Suyong hall can be regarded as the most popular residence in China.

If we compare the architectural complex with painting, Lu's house can be described as both "meticulous" and "freehand". Fine brushwork is reflected in the luxury of all kinds of furnishings in Lu's house. The wood carvings in the hall, whether they are Dou, Gong, ang, Liang, queti, Niutui or partition fan, or the design and manufacturing process of furniture, are all exquisite and vivid. However, freehand brushwork is embodied in the exterior of Lu's house. The roof alone is divided into double eaves and single eaves. The eaves are in the form of rolling shed, hard mountain, hanging mountain and so on. Each building obviously highlights the wind and fire gable, towering ridge and variable roof of Zhejiang residential style, which makes the overall architectural style rigid and flexible. The grand Jiangnan house on the Bank of Yaxi, with its rich and long charm, is waiting for you to taste and feel.

historical value

Lu house is called "Oriental house with international level" by ancient architecture experts. In January 1988, it was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council.

In 2005, the World Cultural Heritage Foundation announced in New York the world's top 100 endangered cultural sites in 2006. There are six Chinese sites on the list. They are: ancient buildings in Tianshui, Gansu Province; jimingyi, Huailai, Hebei Province; villages in Qikou, Shanxi Province; Tuanshan, Yunnan Province; stone forests in Sichuan and Xizang; and Lu house in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province.

Dongyang this vast national key cultural relics protection unit, full name is Luzhai

Chinese PinYin : Lu Zhai