Dianshan Lake Scenic Spot

Dianshan Lake

synonym

Dianshan Lake scenic spot generally refers to Dianshan Lake

Dianshan Lake, located at the junction of Qingpu District of Shanghai and Kunshan City of Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province, is the largest freshwater lake in Shanghai with a total area of 62-63 square kilometers. Dianshan Lake is the source of Huangpu River, the mother river of Shanghai. The upstream of Dianshan Lake receives the water from Wujiang area of Taihu Lake, flows into the lake through 24 river branches such as jishuigang, dazhushe and baishifan, and discharges into Huangpu River through the East-West Maohe River and Xietang.

Dianshan Lake is a weak tidal lake, which not only has the function of regulating runoff, but also has many functions such as irrigation, aquaculture, shipping, aquatic products, water supply and tourism. The lake area is rich in fish, shrimp, crab and so on, which is a good place for aquaculture. Su Shen route passes through the lake area, which is an important waterway connecting Southern Jiangsu and Shanghai. It is one of the main water sources in Shanghai.

Dianshan Lake, with beautiful scenery, is known as "East Geneva Lake". Around the lake, there are five national AAAA scenic spots, including famous ancient towns such as Zhujiajiao, Zhouzhuang, Jinxi, Shanghai Grand View Garden, Oriental Green Boat, Shanghai Sun Island, and Chen Yun Memorial Hall. It is the training center of water sports such as rowing, dragon boat and sailing in Shanghai. In 2006, Dianshan Lake was rated as the Sixth Batch of National Water Conservancy Scenic spots.

Since the 1990s, the lake water has been eutrophicated due to the discharge of pesticides, fertilizers and industrial wastewater.

The data of jishuigangqiao in 2017 showed that the water quality of Dianshan Lake was inferior to class V, and the main pollutant was total nitrogen.

Dianshan Lake is located at the junction of Jiangsu and Shanghai. Due to its smooth water system, it is historically the shipping center, the land of fish and rice, and the commercial developed area in southern Jiangsu. With the formation of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, the region has become a hot spot for investment and tourism.

Name evolution

Dianshan Lake was formed by the connection of ancient MATENG lake and Gu Lake in Song Dynasty. Therefore, there was no name of Dianshan Lake in the books before Song Dynasty. It is recorded in the annals of Shanghai: in the Northern Song Dynasty, there was Dianshan in the lake, which was called Dianshan Lake. Because of the Dianshan and Xueshan beside the lake, it was called Xuedian lake, which was also called Dianhu lake. Xue Dianshan Lake was recorded in yunjianzhi of Shaoxi (1190-1194) in the Southern Song Dynasty. Yang weiframe of Yuan Dynasty had the name of Dianshan Lake. Wei Jing of Song Dynasty had the name of Dian Lake. Until Qing Dynasty, Xue Dianshan Lake and Dianshan Lake were used together. "Xue Dian Hu" is a famous book in Qing Dynasty. (a Dianshan Lake) in the west of the county. Wang Chang of the Qing Dynasty had the title of his poem "climbing Dianshan and looking at xuedianshu after the rain". According to Qingpu County annals published by Guangxu magazine, "Xue Dian Lake is located in the west of the county, where there are mountains living. It originates from the white clam river of Wujiang River and comes through the Jishui port, and it is hundreds of miles around.". "Dianshan, in the Song Dynasty, was in the center of water After that, the tidal sand silted up and gradually became the enclosed fields. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the lake had gone to the north of Shanxi for more than five li. " After the founding of the people's Republic of China, the name of the lake is generally called Dian Shan Lake, but the name of Xue Dian Lake remains.

Location context

It is the junction lake between Qingpu District of Shanghai and Kunshan City of Suzhou City of Jiangsu Province. According to Qingpu County annals, the boundary of Dianshan Lake is as follows: Dianpu River in the East, Dongxiang port in the south, Jishui port in the west, and duchengtan in the north; Balu port in the southeast, xidunpu in the northeast, baishiji port in the southwest, and Zhusha port in the northwest. From west to East, Jishui port is 8.5 km away from Dianpu River; from north to south, duchengtan is 13 km away from Dongxiang port, which is consistent with the records in the old records; from northeast to southwest, xidunpu is 12.5 km away from bamendangkou; from northwest to Southeast, Zhusha port is 9 km away from Dianpu River, and its north is Kunshan County boundary. It is 1.5km from the west of bamendang and 5km from the west of jishuigang, which is the boundary of Wujiang county. Yuandang (Yuandang), adjacent to Dianshan Lake in Wujiang County, was originally a bay of Dianshan Lake. Later, due to the siltation of Lutan, it became an independent lake.

Dianshan Lake is a gourd shaped lake with a length of 15.3 km (recorded as 14.5 km and 18 km), a maximum width of 3.3 km (recorded as 9 km and 8.1 km), and a circumference of 35 km. The lake area is 62 square kilometers in Qingpu County annals, Shanghai toponymy annals and Shanghai water conservancy annals, and 63 square kilometers in Jiangsu Provincial geography annals and Kunshan county annals (corresponding to the water level of 2.36 meters). Qingpu District in Shanghai accounts for three-quarters of the water surface (47.5 square kilometers) and is the largest natural lake in Shanghai. Kunshan City in Jiangsu Province accounts for one-quarter.

The area of Dianshan Lake has a shrinking process. According to Li Daoyuan of the Northern Wei Dynasty's shuijingzhu (about written in 524), it is said that "a river flows 70 Li southeast into a small lake, which is a secondary stream, and it comes out from the southeast of the lake, which is called valley water". According to Wujun tujing (written in 1038), there are four lakes in the northwest of Xiaohu, namely, white clam, horse, valley and daiwangwei. The description of Xue dianshu in the annals of clouds (1190-1194) written by Shaoxi of Southern Song Dynasty is "seventy-two miles northwest of the county, with mountains living in it. The west of the lake is called Xiaohu, and the south is connected with Sanmao". It is also called "around the lake, hundreds of miles, at a loss. I don't know who is Ma Teng, who is Gu Hu". Yang Weizhen's chant is: "half empty pavilions, Dianshan temple, three canopies and boats at the mouth of the lake. When the reed leaves ring, the wind is like rain, the waves are flat, and the water is like the sky. The wine in Gulai village is tasteless and tasteless. Chuihong bridge tomorrow In the spring and Autumn period, Fan Li, Zhang Han in the Western Jin Dynasty and Lu guimeng in the Tang Dynasty were the three sages The last two sentences of the poem show that it is a day's journey to cross the lake. It can be seen that the lake should be more vast in the song and Yuan Dynasties. After the Song Dynasty, Maohu lake was gradually silted up and reclaimed into farmland. During the yuan and Yuan Dynasties (1264-1294), the Wujiang long bridge in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was blocked for more than 50 Zhang (130 Zhang in total), and the water flow was blocked by nailing or damming many places, such as lake, Mao, harbor, branch and bridge tunnel. To the east of Dianshan Lake, the sand accumulated in the lake for ten li, and the land was reclaimed by haoquan, which greatly reduced the area of Dianshan Lake. Dianshan retreats from the lake and lives in the fields. By the Qing Dynasty, the lake had shrunk, only three tenths of that of the song and Yuan Dynasties.

Bordering on the east of Dianshan Lake, it is Zhujiajiao Town in Qingpu District. There are six villages along the lake, Xinhua, Xinyang, Xinwang, Shanwan, Qingfeng and Dianfeng. The southern end of Dianshan Lake was originally xicen township. There are Tangbei, Zhanglian, Xicai and Chengang villages along the lake. In the southwest of Dianshan Lake, it used to be Jinyao and yangshe villages in Jinze town. Yangshe (also known as Yangfan) village was incorporated into Dianshan Lake scenic spot in 1979. In the west of the lake, it used to be Shangta township (town) of Qingpu County. Around the lake, there are five villages: Chendong, Dongxing, caibang, Huxue and Dongfeng. In 2004, the organizational system of Jinze Town, Shangta town and xicen town was abolished, and a new Jinze town was established in the area under its jurisdiction.

In the north of Dianshan, there are 13 villages of Jinjiazhuang, xinxinxing, Dongcun, majiagang, xinkaijing, Tanxi, Xigang, Guanli, shidun, dingjiabang, Xiaogang, shenjiadai and nanhenggang in Dianshanhu town of Kunshan City (Diandong Township before 1996); Qingshuiwan village in Dashi township (changed to town in 1996 and abolished its organizational system in 2001) and Xima Yuanzhuang and dongma village in chenmu town (renamed Jinxi town in 1992) There are 9 villages in Yuanzhuang, Xisheng, nanshengbang, qiuze, xujiabang, hehuadang, Xujing and Meibang. In 2001, the establishment of Dashi town was abolished. Jinxi town was located in the west of Hubei Province, and Dianshanhu town was located in the East.

hydrographic features

Dianshan Lake is a natural reservoir in the upper reaches of Huangpu River. Its water source mainly comes from surface runoff, atmospheric precipitation and groundwater discharged from Taihu Lake. The inflow from Jishui port and baishiji port accounts for 85%, and the drainage from road blocking port accounts for 71%. In spring tide, the water from Huangpu River also flows back into the lake. The annual average precipitation in Dianshan Lake area is about 1000 mm. Qingpu County annals records that the total water storage is 132 million cubic meters.

According to the records of Jiangsu Province, the water storage capacity is 160 million cubic meters (when the average water depth is 2.5 meters). According to Kunshan county annals, the water storage capacity is 160 million cubic meters. According to the records of Shanghai municipal records of water conservancy, the water storage capacity is about 110 million cubic meters, with an average storage capacity of 69 million cubic meters for many years.

Dianshan Lake is a weak tidal lake, and its water outlets are in the transitional section between tidal current boundary and tidal area boundary. Generally, there are two rising and two falling tides every day, but the duration of the rising and falling tides is irregular.

The water depth of Dianshan Lake is about 2.5 meters, with annual inflow of 1.95 cubic meters per second and outflow of 50.62 cubic meters per second. The water level is basically stable, the annual variation range is less than 0.1 M, and the annual average is 2.63 M. generally, the water level rises from the middle of June, and the highest water level often occurs from July to September. According to the data of Dianfeng water level station, the water level of 3.7m was the highest in August 1954. The dry season is from November to march of the next year, and the lowest water level is 1.76M. The annual average water level of Dianfeng station in Hukou is 2.43 m (1952-1988). The highest water level investigated over the years is 3.71 m (3.69 m measured on August 2, 1954), and the lowest water level is 1.75 m (August 24, 1934).

There are many tributaries along the lake. The flow of the lake is very slow. Generally, the velocity is only 0.03 meters per second. The velocity of Hukou Dianfeng station can reach 1.0 meters per second. According to the measured data in 1988, the annual net discharge of Dianfeng station is 1.159 billion cubic meters

Chinese PinYin : Dian Shan Hu Feng Jing Qu