Liuliqu Village

Liuliqu Village

Liuliqu village, formerly known as "liuliju" village, is a traditional Chinese village under the jurisdiction of Longquan Town, Mentougou District, Beijing. It is located in the north of Longquan town in the west of Beijing, backed by Jiulong Mountain, facing Yongding River, mountains and rivers. The village area is 3.5 square kilometers.

The overall pattern of Liuliqu village is clear and fan-shaped, which is distributed on the alluvial plain on the left bank of Yongding River. Like most traditional settlements, the overall spatial pattern of the ancient village does not follow a rigorous chessboard grid, but relies on the bottom-up "self-organization" mode, and then forms a network layout with Xishan ancient road, Houjie and Miaofengshan New South Road as the skeleton and North-South auxiliary road as the branch. There are not only large-scale Deng's courtyard, glass manufacturer's courtyard and other courtyard groups, but also small and exquisite Li's courtyard and Sanguan Pavilion. Liuliqu village is famous for firing Royal glaze, and its firing skills are national intangible cultural heritage.

On December 17, 2012, Liuliqu village was announced as the first batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of housing and urban rural development, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of finance.

Village history

Liuliqu may have been formed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, because in the Sui Dynasty, Sanjiadian across the river from Liuliqu village had become an important water transportation Wharf on the Yongding River. At this time, the name of the village has no evidence to check, only from the folk legend.

"The mountains of the Liu family, the rivers of the Li family, and the old Yang family are here, accounting for half of the total.". Therefore, the surnames of Liu and Li may be the earliest local residents. It is said that the original name of the village was "Liu Li Ju".

After Liao Dynasty, Liuliqu village began to have glass manufacturing industry.

In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1263), the palace government set up a glass Bureau in the village to control the South and North kiln factories, and set up an ambassador and a deputy ambassador to supervise the firing of glass.

Wanshuzaji in Ming Dynasty is the earliest historical material to record the name of liuliju village.

During the orthodox period of the Ming Dynasty (1436-1449), the capital's renovation projects doubled, and the village successively built two green brick kiln factories in the north of the village and the west of the back street.

In 1645, when the capital of the Qing Dynasty was established, the Forbidden City was gradually overhauled. Liuliqu village ushered in the first peak of the Qing Dynasty's production of glass firing industry. According to the new regulations, the tiles produced must be inscribed in the way of combining Manchu and Han.

In 1681, the glass factory of zhengyangmenwai in Beijing moved to Liuli Bureau, and the policy of "official management and private management" was implemented.

In 1685, the annals of Wanping county put liuliju village under the jurisdiction of "zhuyanan township".

In 1880, the Yongding river overflowed. The imperial court appointed officials to manage the Yongding River and built a large irrigation canal in liuliju village. Because of the homophony of "Ju" and "Qu", liuliju was gradually called "Liuliqu".

In 1906, Liuli kiln was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of industry and commerce.

In 1929, the village was marked with "Liuliqu" in the outline of Beiping special city.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China in 1949, the village was officially named Liuliqu village

geographical environment

Location context

Liuliqu village is located in the north of Longquan Town, Mentougou District, Beijing, 25 kilometers away from the urban area of Beijing. It is located at the entrance of guxishan Avenue and faces Sanjiadian, the gateway of Beijing West, across the Yongding River. The village covers an area of 3.5 square kilometers.

 

topographic features

Liuliquu village is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. It is adjacent to Jiulong Mountain, the remaining vein of Taihang Mountain in the west, and Yongding River in the East. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides and water on one side. It is located on the alluvial plain at the mouth of Yongding River. It is not only the top of the alluvial fan of Yongding River, but also the junction of mountain and plain. The mountain is gentle and continuous, with small slope, thick soil layer and fertile soil. It is suitable for farming and irrigation.

 

climate

In winter, the northwest monsoon prevails in Liuliqu village. The North Tianling, the Northwest Luopoling and the West chou'erling form a "sand inspection" trend, which plays a role in collecting air and preventing wind.

 

Soil mineral resources

The southwest of Liuliqu village is mountain leaching cinnamon soil, and the northeast is carbonate cinnamon soil. There are abundant shale, pyrophyllite and other mineral resources around it.

 

Village pattern

Site selection concept

Liuliqu village is located at the entrance of guxishan Avenue, in the proluvial stage of the northern foot of Jiulong Mountain in the west of Beijing. In the east of the village, there is a Gushui wharf connecting the two sides. The village is adjacent to jinjiagou in the East, chou'erling in the west, Jiulongshan in the South and Longquanwu in the north. It is the intersection of waterway, land and railway with convenient transportation. In addition, there is a distance between the east of the village and the Yongding River, which not only has good waterfront scenery, but also can prevent floods.

The village is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. It is not only the top of the alluvial fan of Yongding River, but also the junction of mountain and plain. The mountain is gentle and continuous, with small slope, thick soil layer and fertile soil, which is suitable for farming and irrigation. This kind of forest can not only conserve water and soil, green houses, but also avoid landslides and other natural disasters. In addition, the Yongding River winds through the east of the village, which not only beautifies the environment, maintains the appropriate humidity, and provides the villagers with drinking water and glass production, but also meets the local people's desire to gather money - "no head in front of the water, no tail behind", thus forming a livable "water viewing" trend.

 

spatial distribution

The overall pattern of Liuliqu village is clear and fan-shaped, which is distributed on the alluvial plain on the left bank of Yongding River. Like most traditional settlements, the overall spatial pattern of the ancient village does not follow a rigorous chessboard grid, but relies on the bottom-up "self-organization" mode, and then forms a network layout with Xishan ancient road, Houjie and Miaofengshan New South Road as the skeleton and North-South auxiliary road as the branch. There are not only large-scale Deng's courtyard, glass manufacturer's courtyard and other courtyard groups, but also small and exquisite Li's courtyard and Sanguan Pavilion.

 

Although Liuliqu village faces mountains on three sides, most of its buildings are located on the flat ground. The overall layout of the buildings has little change in height difference. Most of them are one story courtyard. Only a small number of houses are built in the north and south of the village, which are staggered along the mountain to the altitude. The height of the site rises from east to west along the gentle slope, while the east entrance of the building, the West Guandi temple and the North Wanyuan tea shed play a role in limiting the boundary and dividing the space in the overall layout of the village.

 

Economic society

population

According to the official website of the February 2020 Digital Museum of China's traditional villages, the Liyue village is mainly Han, with a registered residence of 2000 people and a permanent population of 4000.

 

Economics

According to the official website of Digital Museum of traditional Chinese villages in February 2020, the collective annual income of Liuliqu village is 3.18 million yuan, and the average annual income of villagers is 9412 yuan.

 

Main attractions

Cross the street

Liuliqu village is located at the east entrance of Liuliqu village by the Yongding River in Mentougou District. It is commonly known as dengge or Sanguan Ge. It was founded in 1756 and rebuilt in 1875-1908. It is a municipal cultural relics protection unit in Beijing.

The lower part of the building is in the shape of a city platform, which is made of bricks and stones. The "Dai River" in the East and the "Li Mountain" in the West are all made of glaze. There are three halls on chengtaiquan cave, facing east, with excellent architecture and hard mountain glazed tile roof. On the inside and outside of the ridge are colorful glazed flowers, with glazed plaques hanging under the eaves. In the west is the "Sanguan Pavilion" and in the East is "wenxinggaozhao". The front and back fence walls are decorated with hexagonal geometric pattern "turtle back brocade" glazed tiles. The glazed ornaments are all made locally, which is a kind of witness of the long history of glazed firing industry in Beijing, and has high historical, artistic and scientific research value.

 

Glass manufacturer's house

The house of glass manufacturer is a building of Qing Dynasty. Two into the courtyard, sitting south, the house is connected by the cloister, the door is wide, into a deep, the gatehouse brick carving is exquisite. There are three rooms in the front yard, and the ridge of hard mountain and clear water. One ear room, two East and two West Wing rooms, hard mountain yuanbaoding and stone wangban. There are three rooms in the East and the west of the backyard. There are three rooms in the East and three in the west of the backyard. There are three main rooms, two auxiliary rooms on both sides, hard mountain ridge, beautiful brick carvings on the eaves, and five steps. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, the imperial Liulichang was moved to liuliquu village, where the Ministry of industry sent staff to preside over the firing. Most of the important buildings in the capital, especially the Imperial Palace, imperial mausoleum, gardens and other important royal buildings, use glazed ornaments, which are basically fired by glazed canal kiln. Therefore, at that time, the Ministry of industry built this house in Liuliqu kiln's burning supervision organization.

 

In 1985, the Mentougou District government announced that the glazed houses were the second batch of cultural relics protection units.

 

Guan Yu Temple

Guandi temple and guojielou in Liuliqu village are far away from each other. At the west entrance of Liuliqu village, it is close to the ancient road, commonly known as Laoye temple. Built in the Ming Dynasty, Guandi temple is a complete courtyard with three main halls, hard mountain ridge, glazed tile roof, paishan Goudi, small animals hanging on the ridge, front porch, double eaves rafters, and spiral painted beams

Chinese PinYin : Liu Li Qu Cun