Tianxin Pavilion

Tianxin Pavilion

Tianxin Pavilion is located in the southeast corner of the central area of Changsha, Hunan Province, on the ancient city wall where Chengnan Road meets Tianxin road

It is a tower in the ancient city of Changsha.

Tianxin pavilion has three floors, with a construction area of 846 square meters, Biwa cornice and Zhuliang painted building.

Tianxin pavilion was first built in the late Ming Dynasty and rebuilt during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. During the Anti Japanese War, Tianxin pavilion was rebuilt in 1983 because it was burned down in Wenxi fire.

historical origin

Tianxin pavilion was built by Yang Xi in 1746. The name of the pavilion comes from the meaning of "xianyouyide, kexiangtianxin" in Shangshu.

The loft, with a total construction area of 864 square meters, was the highest in the city at that time.

After liberation, the municipal government listed it as a cultural relic protection unit. The pavilion was rebuilt in 1983, with imitation wood structure, chestnut tile cornices, Zhuliang painted buildings, three main and auxiliary pavilions, and a corridor between them. The whole pavilion is distributed in an arc.

The main Pavilion is supported by 60 wooden pillars, with 32 high pecking heads, 32 wind horses and bronze bells, and 10 kiss dragons.

There are 62 stone lions carved on the stone railings before and after the pavilion, as well as stone carvings such as chariots, horses, dragons, plum blossoms, bamboos and hibiscus, reflecting the style of Changsha, a famous city of Chu and Han Dynasties. In addition, there are many famous calligraphy and paintings in the Pavilion.

The construction of Changsha City, the history of Tianxin, began in the fifth year of Gaozu in the Western Han Dynasty. Liu Bang established the Han Dynasty and granted Wu Rui, an important minister, the king of Changsha. He established Changsha as the capital of Changsha and began to build an earth city.

From the Han Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, with the social development, the city gradually expanded to the north and south. By the Yuan Dynasty, the vast city had been formed, but the shape of the city wall was still relatively simple. In the early Ming Dynasty, stone was used to build the city wall. In the 11th year of Shunzhi reign of Qing Dynasty, Hong Chengchou demolished the city walls of the Ming Dynasty, and used them to build the city walls.

After that, it continued to be built, with Wopu, genggang, additional tower, Fort, crenel, a new one. After 1911, in order to develop trade and transportation, the city walls were demolished and the roads around the city were built.

The origin of the name

Tianxin pavilion was originally named "Tianxing Pavilion", which originated from the popular saying of "Xingye" in the Ming Dynasty. According to the division of stars, "Tianxing Pavilion" was named after "Changsha star". Therefore, it was once the place where the ancients observed stars and sacrificed gods. In addition, the ancient pavilion was located on the top of Longfu mountain, the highest terrain in the ancient city of Changsha, which was regarded as a auspicious geomantic omen by the ancients Eliminate disasters, strengthen the world and prosper the family.

During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, with the relocation of Chengnan Academy under the wall of Tianxin Pavilion, Tianxin ancient pavilion was used as a cultural sacrificial place corresponding to Chengnan Academy. There were two statues of emperor Wenchang and Kuixing in the pavilion to ensure the prosperity of Changsha culture. In the old days, there were an endless stream of people who came to worship, and literati and poets often went to the pavilion to look out and recite poems.

Huang Zhaomei, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, wrote a song "all around the clouds and mountains are in the eye, and all families always care about fireworks" which has become a masterpiece of all ages. However, Li Dongyang's wonderful couplet of "water, land and continent are boats, and the boats move on the continent; the pigeons in the pavilion of heaven's heart live, and the pigeons fly on the pavilion".

The ancient city wall of Tianxin was built in 202 B.C. in the fifth year of Gaozu in the Western Han Dynasty by Wu Rui, king of Changsha, with a history of more than 2200 years.

In 1372 A.D., Qiu Guang, the commander of Changsha garrison, repaired and reinforced the city. It was 8.5 kilometers long, with nine gates in the form of long north-south and narrow East-West strips, which greatly enhanced the defense ability of Changsha City.

Later, in 1924, the former national government built the road around the city, and only retained the ancient city wall of Tianxin Pavilion, which is 251 meters long and 13.4 meters high. It preserved the southern and northern two moon cities. It is extremely rare in the existing examples of ancient city defense fortifications in China, and has extremely important value for the study of ancient military city defense. It is one of the few cultural carriers and historical sites of the ancient city of Changsha.

characteristic

The name of "Tianxin Pavilion" comes from legend. At that time, astrology scholars believed that the high terrain and uplifted earth vein were auspicious signs of the prosperity of wenyunchang, so they built two pavilions of "Tianxin" and "Wenchang" in the city tower. In the past, there was a couplet: "all the clouds and mountains are in the eye, and all the lights are always concerned", which is the original intention of building the pavilion. With the passage of time, Tianxin and Wenchang pavilions were destroyed. Only a plaque of "Tianxin" was left. Later, a pavilion was built next to the site of Wenchang Pavilion, which was called Tianxin Pavilion.

Because of its high terrain, Tianxin pavilion has become a necessary place for military strategists. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Western King Xiao Chaogui led his troops to attack Changsha from here. By 2018, there are still some holes left on the wall. In 1905, Sun Yat Sen and Huang Xing sent Chen Jiading, a member of the alliance, back to Hunan to organize the organization of the alliance, whose secret organ was once located in Tianxin Pavilion. On July 27, 1930, Peng Dehuai led the workers' and peasants' Red Army to invade Changsha. He also made a report to the army in Tianxin Pavilion. When the "Wenxi" fire broke out in Changsha in 1938, Tianxin Pavilion turned into a piece of tiles.

There are also antithetical couplets about Tianxin Pavilion: (the first couplet) water, land, and continents are boats, and the boats move and the continents don't move. (the second couplet) Tianxin Pavilion, the pavilion inhabits pigeons, the pigeons fly, the pavilion does not fly.

Comment: "water continent, continent system boat, boat moves, continent does not move", this couplet is relative, artistic conception is remote, three sentences, two "thimble", "continent" and "boat" are homophonic.

In 2006, Tianxin Pavilion restored the building plate in front of the east main building, and openly solicited the old couplets. An old man living in the provincial library provided a picture with couplets clearly visible. According to textual research, the old building plate, named suilie building plate door, was built in the 1940s. It was built at the same time as the suilie Pavilion in Tianxin park. There are two couplets on the building board, and the one in the middle is: "Qi swallows Hujie, bravely defends mountains and rivers." On both sides of it is: "if you are in trouble and forget death, you want more than life."

Important military area

Because of its high terrain, Tianxin pavilion has become a necessary place for military strategists. Tianxin Pavilion is located because of its dangerous terrain,

The outer city is divided into North and south two moon cities. There are 11 gun holes in the moon city. According to the records of the fourth year of Tongzhi, the city wall was 33 meters high and the Jiage was 48 meters high. It was an important military defense fortress in ancient times. The city wall is 251 meters long and 13.4 meters high. Tianxin pavilion has been destroyed and built many times. In 1852, Xiao Chaogui, the Western King of the Taiping army, led his troops to attack Changsha and fought with the Qing army. He was killed by Yu Tianxin.

Burning and rebuilding

In 1938, "Wenxi fire", the ancient city of Changsha is a piece of scorched earth, the attic is gone, only the solid Ming and Qing Dynasties (kiln seal as evidence) ancient city wall in the silent cry. Tianxin pavilion was rebuilt in 1984. The attic has the style of city building of Ming and Qing Dynasties. The high Pavilion is connected by veranda, which looks like the undulating mountains, scattered and magnificent. The structure of the pavilion is supported by 46 red painted columns. The pillars are combined with the porches, and the walls are made of chestnut tiles. The gray white stone foundation is thick and steady. Sixty two stone lions have their own postures. Thirty two dragon heads hold up their wings and horns. Thirty two wind horses and bronze bells ring in the wind. The stone wall pattern is also the totem, hunting, chariots and horses worshipped by the ancients. It seems that they are still hunting with banners and horses. The whole building is dignified and majestic in color and simple in style. It is a historical painting and an elegant poem. The ancient pavilion is majestic, and the weather is magnificent. Visitors come to visit, look at the XiangLiu River to the north, invite Yuese to the south, look at the motherland, cherish the memory of the revolutionary martyrs, and revitalize China.

Main attractions

The base of Tianxin Pavilion occupies the highest terrain of the urban area, and it is located on the city wall more than 30 meters high. It is accompanied by four sceneries, i.e. "cloud arrangement in the high Pavilion", "Lushui in the foothills", "smoke in the sparse trees" and "sunset in the pond". It is accompanied by wonderful peaks near and Yuelu Mountain in the distance, which makes it more steep and beautiful. On the Tianxin Pavilion, you can have a panoramic view of the whole city. The pavilions are decorated with green tiles and painted buildings of Zhu and Liang. They are so antique that both tourists and residents always forget to return.

When the "Wenxi" fire broke out in Changsha in 1938, Tianxin Pavilion turned into a piece of tiles. After the founding of new China, the people's government turned Tianxin Pavilion into "Tianxin Park". In 1983, Mingge was rebuilt on the Ming city wall. The height of the wall is 17.5 meters and the terrain is more than 60 meters above sea level. It is 30 meters higher than the urban area. It looks down on thousands of families. The main pavilion has three storeys, two wings each with two auxiliary pavilions, and a long corridor between them, which is in an arc layout. The left and right reflection belts are as one as the wings of a bird. Yellow tile cornice, wing angle high, 32 vice Pavilion angle hanging iron horse bronze bell, wind ring, long Qingyue. The main Pavilion is "Tianxin Pavilion" in the South and "Chutian glance" in the north. The former Wenchang Pavilion site on the north side of the pavilion is reserved for Guangting. On the east side of Guangting, it is built with a pull bow gable and a waist gate. They are still inlaid with "majestic town", "grand sight", "brilliant residence" and "distant view". Your Majesty's Ming Dynasty walls, battlements and gun holes have been repaired, which makes the ancient city more rugged and new, and the towering buildings more spectacular. As Li Shaojun, a poet of Qing Dynasty, once said, "the towers in the south of the city are as thin as danxiao. Plug in the top of the gate, touch the stars down. As soon as I come here, I can see the true dome. Search volume across the sky, haze fly desert. Xiangshui as a belt, Lu Ping as a flat key. Yuanpu sent sail, Qinggang Congcui mantle. Wild goose writing long days, fishermen along the river park. Tower peak refers to the room, ten thousand households lean on the foot of the building. The white clouds are low and the wind rings. It's a beautiful place, and it's a great place to be. " In Tianxin Park, there are rockeries and cool buildings

Chinese PinYin : Tian Xin Ge