Bailudong Academy

Bailudong academy is one of China's four major academies (Jiangxi Lushan Bailudong academy, Hunan Changsha Yuelu Academy, Hunan Hengyang shigu academy, Henan Shangqiu Yingtian Academy). Located in the southeast of Wulaofeng, it was founded in 940 ad. the academy "began in the Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, along the Ming and Qing Dynasties", and has been more than 1000 years. The academy has gone through many vicissitudes, and has been flourishing and abolishing for many times. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi rebuilt the academy and gave lectures in person.

Bailudong academy is built in series from west to east along guandaoxi, which is composed of the gate building, Ziyang academy, Bailu academy, Yanbin hall and other building communities. The buildings all face south with stone wood or brick wood structure, and the roofs are all herringbone hard hilltops, which is quite elegant and indifferent.

Bailudong Academy

Bailudong Academy

Located at the south foot of Wulaofeng, Lushan Mountain, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, it is one of the four ancient academies in China.

Founded in 940 A.D., it is the first complete Academy in China. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, "Lushan Guoxue" (also known as "Bailu Guoxue") was built. It is the only Guoxue established by the central government outside the capital in Chinese history. When Zhu Xi, the Deputy scholar of the Song Dynasty, took up the post of Zhinan Kangjun (now Lushan City, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), he rebuilt the Academy, gave lectures in person, determined the school running rules and purposes of the Academy, and asked for grants and imperial books. He gained a great reputation. He became an important cradle of Chinese culture from the late Song Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, and one of the important birthplaces of Chinese education and culture.

Bailudong academy, together with Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan Province, Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan Province, and Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan Province, are known as the "four great academies in China". Together with Bailuzhou Academy in Ji'an, Jiangxi Province, Ehu Academy in Qianshan, Jiangxi Province, and Xiangshan Academy in Jinxi, Jiangxi Province, they are known as the "four academies in Jiangxi Province".

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Bailudong Academy was well protected and utilized. Governments at all levels successively allocated huge funds for three major repairs, and it flourished again. It was listed as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit in 1959 and a national key cultural relics protection unit in 1988.

The revelation of Bailudong academy, also known as the canon of Bailudong academy, formulated by Zhu Xi, a neo Confucianist of the Southern Song Dynasty, has influenced the later generations for hundreds of years. Its school running mode was imitated by later generations and spread to Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia. Bailudong academy enjoys a good reputation overseas.

As of 2012, Bailudong academy has formed a comprehensive management system integrating cultural relics management, teaching, academic research, tourism reception and forest garden construction

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Introduction to the Academy

position

Bailudong Academy

Located at the south foot of Wulaofeng, Lushan Mountain, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province, it is a world cultural landscape and enjoys the reputation of "the first Academy in the world" and "one of the four major academies in China".

Historical status

It is said that during the reign of Zhenyuan in Tang Dynasty (around 785 A.D.), Li Bo, a native of Luoyang, and his brother Li she lived in seclusion here to study and raise a white deer for entertainment. Li Bo was known as Mr. Bai Lu at that time and lived in Bailudong. After Li Bo was appointed governor of Jiangzhou, he established the pavilion at the former site of the reading platform.

It was founded in 940 A.D. in the Shengyuan period of the Southern Tang Dynasty and is the first complete Academy in China. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Lushan Guoxue (also known as "Bailu Guoxue") was built, which was the only Guoxue established by the central government outside the capital in Chinese history. When Zhu Xi, the acting scholar of the Song Dynasty, took up the post of Zhinan Kangjun (now Lushan City, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), he rebuilt the Academy, gave lectures in person, determined the rules and purposes of running the Academy, and asked for grants and imperial books, which made him famous at the end of the Song Dynasty In the early Qing Dynasty, it was an important cradle of Chinese culture and one of the important birthplaces of Chinese education culture.

Bailudong academy, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan and Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan,

They are collectively known as the "four academies of China". Together with Bailuzhou Academy in Ji'an, Jiangxi Province, Ehu Academy in Qianshan, Jiangxi Province, and Yuzhang Academy in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, they are known as the "four academies in Jiangxi Province".

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Bailudong Academy was well protected and utilized. Governments at all levels successively allocated huge funds for three major repairs, and it flourished again. It was listed as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit in 1959 and a national key cultural relics protection unit in 1988.

As of 2012, Bailudong academy has formed a comprehensive management system integrating cultural relics management, teaching, academic research, tourism reception and forest garden construction

.

Historical evolution

Tang Dynasty

During the period of Zhengyuan in Tang Dynasty, Li Bo, a Luoyang native, lived in seclusion with his elder brother. Bo raised a white deer to "amuse himself". The deer knew human nature and followed others. He was called "shenlu". There is no cave here, because the terrain is low and concave, looking down like a cave, it is called "Bailu cave". Later, Li Bo became an official governor of Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province). To commemorate his youth, he read books here, planted flowers and trees, and built pavilions, platforms, buildings and pavilions.

In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li's imperial court established "Lushan Guoxue", also known as "Bailu Guoxue", which was as famous as the Imperial Academy on the Qinhuai River in Jinling.

Song Dynasty

In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Taizong attached great importance to the education of the academies, and granted books such as the nine classics to the academies.

In 1179 (the sixth year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty), Zhu Xi, a great master of Neo Confucianism, led a hundred officials to visit the Academy. At that time, the walls of the Academy were broken and overgrown with weeds. Zhu Xi was very sorry. He ordered officials to repair Bailudong academy, and he was the master of the Academy. He made Canon rules, recruited teachers, recruited students, allocated land and worked hard. Lu Xiangshan, a famous philosopher at that time, also came to Bailudong academy to teach. The revelation of Bailudong academy formulated by Zhu Xi, also known as the canon of Bailudong academy, has influenced later generations for hundreds of years. Its mode of running a school has been imitated by later generations and spread to Japan, South Korea and Southeast Asia. Bailudong academy enjoys a good reputation overseas.

In 1217 (the 10th year of ningzong's Jiading reign), Zhu Xi's son Zhu served as the "zhinankang army" in Dali temple, revived the academy and invited Li Shao to Bailudong;

From April to May of 1218 (the 11th year of Jiading reign of ningzong), more than 10 classmates, such as Huang Gan and Hu Yong, came to Lushan to make friends and build Liufang bridge. Li Shao, Huang Gan and Chen Mi gave lectures on Qian and Kun. Later, the sheriff invited Li Shao to be the head of Bailudong Academy;

After Li Shao became the head of the Academy, Bailudong academy reached its peak, and scholars from all over the country gathered, "the peak of lectures is incomparable.".

Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties

At the end of Yuan Dynasty, Bailudong Academy was destroyed by war.

The earliest maintenance in Ming Dynasty was in the first year of Zhengtong (1436), and later in Chenghua, Hongzhi, Jiajing and Wanli.

In the Qing Dynasty, Bailudong Academy was still maintained for many times. At the end of the 19th century, China's politics and economy changed dramatically, and there was an upsurge of education reform. In 1898, the Qing emperor ordered the reform and changed the Academy into a school. Bailudong Academy was closed in the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, and Dongtian was managed by nankangfu (now Lushan City, Jiujiang City) middle school. In the second year of Xuantong in the late Qing Dynasty, the name of Bailudong Academy was abandoned and changed to Jiangxi Higher Forestry Academy. The Academy was closed in 1903.

Modern times

After the revolution of 1911, the site of the Academy was burned and most of the books were lost.

In 1918, Kang Youwei wrote the banner of Bailudong Academy. The Academy had been renovated occasionally, but it became increasingly decadent. The Kuomintang officers training regiment once occupied the academies.

During the Anti Japanese War, it was also destroyed by the Japanese aggressors, and a lot of trees were destroyed. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Chiang Kai Shek once said that Bailudong college would be taken over by Zhongzheng University in Nanchang at that time as the permanent school building of Zhongzheng University, but this plan did not come true.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Bailudong Academy was well protected and utilized. Governments at all levels successively allocated huge funds for three major repairs, and it flourished again. It was listed as a provincial-level cultural relics protection unit in 1959 and a national key cultural relics protection unit in 1988.

In the heyday of Bailudong academy, there were more than 360 buildings, which have been revived and abandoned many times. Today, there are still ritual temple, Yushu Pavilion, Zhuzi temple, etc. It is reported that there are more than 7000 academies in China. However, due to the changes of time and the vicissitudes of the world, there are few academies that have been preserved and restored so well as Bailudong Academy. In the Academy, the large and small courtyards intersect orderly; the pavilions and pavilions are simple and elegant; the beautiful flowers and famous trees are of different postures; the stele and couplets are everywhere. This fully reflects the characteristics of ancient academies, such as studying Classics and history, asking questions, writing poems and couplets, and playing with words. The most fascinating thing in the courtyard is the stele corridor on both sides of "Shensi garden". There are many stone carvings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, and there are still more than 100 pieces. There are many poems and inscriptions praising academies and scenery, which are rich in content. Among them, the song of traveling in Bailudong, written by immortal Zixia with Pucao, is like dancing on the wall. This immortal Zixia is from Jishui, Jiangxi Province. Very talented, 26 years old in the number one, as the Ming Dynasty Imperial Academy editor. Later, he was dismissed and returned to his hometown for offending the emperor. After that, he studied the history of astronomy and geography, especially the contribution of cartography. he

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