Ranzhuang tunnel War Memorial Hall

Ranzhuang tunnel War Memorial Hall

The Museum of the tunnel war at Ranzhuang is a museum of revolutionary history. Located in Ranzhuang village, Qingyuan District, Baoding City, Hebei Province. In 1959, the memorial hall was set up; in March 1961, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced that it was a national key cultural relics protection unit and a national AAA tourist attraction.

Now it is reinforced and preserved the trunk line of the kilometer tunnel and some battle fortifications and tunnel entrances. From 1964 to 1966, the exhibition hall of Ranzhuang tunnel warfare was added. In December 2017, it was selected into the list of the first batch of national primary and secondary school students' research and practice education bases and camps of the Ministry of education.

brief introduction

essential information

Ranzhuang tunnel war memorial hall is a memorial hall of revolutionary history. Located in Ranzhuang village, Qingyuan District, Baoding City, Hebei Province. In 1959, the memorial hall was set up; in March 1961, the State Council of the people's Republic of China announced it as a national key cultural relics protection unit. Now it is reinforced and preserved the trunk line of the kilometer tunnel and some battle fortifications and tunnel entrances. From 1964 to 1966, the exhibition hall of Ranzhuang tunnel warfare was added.

Geographic transportation

Address: Ranzhuang Town, Qingyuan District, Baoding City, Hebei Province

transport line:

Bus route: from Baoding bus station, take Baoding Yangcheng bus, Baoding Lizhuang bus, Baoding beiduanzhuang bus to Ranzhuang bus.

Self driving route: Take Beijing Zhuhai Expressway to the South (from Shijiazhuang to Beijing Zhuhai Expressway to the north, from Tianjin to Tianjin Baotou Expressway to Beijing Zhuhai Expressway to the South), take Qingyuan exit road to the south for 3km, drive right into the tourism line to Ranzhuang or southbound for 13km to zhangdeng (heituyere), drive west into the tourism line to Ranzhuang to Ranzhuang

Opening hours: 9:00-16:30 (closed on Monday)

Human history

Ranzhuang was built in the Sui Dynasty and planted locust trees in the streets in the Tang Dynasty. It was once prosperous in the Song Dynasty and has been known as a village in the Tang Dynasty and a town in the Song Dynasty. Ran Zhuang, ran Zhuang

Located in the southwest of Qingyuan District, 15 km away from the seat of the district government and 30 km away from Baoding city. Located 30 kilometers southwest of Baoding City, Hebei Province, it is an important war site in the Anti Japanese struggle in North China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the Second World War. It has superior geographical location and convenient transportation: Beijing Guangzhou railway in the west, Beijing Shenzhen Expressway in the north and Baoheng highway in the East.

The excavation of Ranzhuang tunnel began in 1938. After the July 7th incident in 1937, the Japanese invaders invaded the South on a large scale, which made the people in Jizhong suffer great war sufferings. In order to defend the enemy's attack, preserve themselves and resist foreign aggression, the people in Ranzhuang began to dig underground caves and finally tunnels. Ranzhuang tunnel is generally 0.7 to 0.8 meters wide, 1 to 1.5 meters high and more than 2 meters above the ground. Taking cross street as the center, the underpass is excavated along the East, West, South and North streets into four trunk underpasses, and then more than 20 branch lines are extended from the trunk line to the outside of the village and several surrounding villages. Finally, a 16 kilometer underpass network connecting every household and village, extending in all directions and echoing from top to bottom is excavated. In the practice of struggle, the people of Ranzhuang used their wisdom and hard work to complete the tunnel network. Tunnels are divided into military tunnels for war and civil tunnels for the masses to hide. In the tunnel, there are headquarters, rest room, grain storage room, road signs and oil lamps, underground Arsenal, eye rolling, traps and other secret facilities. At the same time, we should make full use of the characteristics of topography and geomorphology to build tunnels and camouflage them in places where it is difficult to find, such as walls, ground, shaft walls, animal waste, kang surface, pot table, wardrobe, etc., so as to make it difficult for the enemy to find them. In order to make it easy to monitor and shoot the enemy, we also made use of the favorable topography such as high buildings and ground to build many fortifications and connect them with tunnels. At the same time, mines are all over the streets and intersections, leading the lead into the tunnel. In this way, all kinds of fortifications on the ground and underground cooperated with each other, forming a three-dimensional firepower network, which became an underground great wall that could fight, hide, attack and defend, and advance and retreat freely. During the Anti Japanese War, the people of Ranzhuang suffered from the bloody massacre of the Japanese aggressors. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people of Ranzhuang braved violence and rose up to resist Japan. They used the advantage of tunnel to cooperate with the armed forces and field forces to fight 157 times against the enemy and annihilate more than 2100 enemies, including five major battles. They won the glorious title of "model village of tunnel warfare".

Ranzhuang tunnel warfare site reserve covers an area of 300000 square meters, which retains the environmental features of villages in the central Hebei Plain in the 1930s and 1940s. The underground tunnel is 3000 meters long, and now it is open to tourists for 1200 meters. The exhibition hall covers an area of 960 square meters. There are 431 valuable revolutionary cultural relics in the exhibition hall, including 101 revolutionary cultural relics of the first, second and third dynasties.

Ranzhuang tunnel war memorial hall was built in 1959 and opened to tourists. Now it is one of the first batch of key cultural relics protection units in China, one of the first 100 patriotic education demonstration bases in China, national youth education base, patriotic education base in Hebei Province and national defense education base in Hebei Province. In 2005, it was listed as one of the first 100 red tourism classic scenic spots in China. Ranzhuang tunnel warfare memorial hall is one of the first batch of patriotic education base free open units in China. At the request of the higher authorities, it was opened to the public free of charge in March 2008, with free tickets.

Tunnel warfare site

summary

Tunnel warfare is a great pioneering work of the Anti Japanese struggle in North China under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and also a miracle in the history of World War. During the Anti Japanese War, Ranzhuang tunnel was 16 kilometers long, fought 157 times against the enemy, and won the title of "model village of tunnel warfare". Ranzhuang tunnel warfare site reserve covers an area of about 200000 square meters, with more than 500 houses; the existing tunnel is 3000 meters, with 1200 meters open to tourists; there are 140 original high buildings, dark rooms, bunkers and other kinds of war fortifications, with 19 open; there are 23 kinds of 256 underground war facilities, such as bunkers, hidden rooms, underground canteens, rescue rooms, arsenals, storage rooms, headquarters, turnover traps, with 15 open now . The site basically maintained the environmental features of the villages in the central Hebei Plain in the 1930s and 1940s.

Ranzhuang tunnel battle site is also the shooting site of many films, especially the Anti Japanese war films. Tunnel battle, Fire King Kong, the armed forces behind the enemy lines, and plain guerrillas were all shot here.

In 1997, Ranzhuang tunnel warfare site became one of the 100 patriotic education demonstration bases in China;

In 2003, it was named as the first batch of provincial national defense education bases by Hebei provincial government and military region.

Walking into Ranzhuang tunnel is like walking into history and the era of war.

produce

After the July 7 Incident in 1937, the Chinese and Japanese armies invaded the South on a large scale. They adopted the tactics of "encircling with iron walls" and "combing vertically and horizontally". They carried out the policy of "burning all, killing all, and robbing all" and carried out a brutal "sweeping" campaign. On the 60000 square kilometers of the central Hebei plain alone, 1783 strongholds and turrets were built, 8878 kilometers of blockade ditches were dug, and the central Hebei plain was divided into 2670 blocks in an attempt to put out the Anti Japanese war. Only around Ranzhuang, Baoding Qingyuan, there are 15 turrets, forming a tragic scene of "looking up at the watchtower, stepping on the highway, no village without filial piety, and smoke everywhere". In the great plain where there is no solid to defend and where there is no danger to support, the people of Ranzhuang carried out a tunnel battle in which they were haunted and won by surprise.

At first, people spontaneously dug a single hole, also known as "toad squat", which is the rudiment of the tunnel. Later, the single hole was changed into a double hole. In case the enemy found one hole, the personnel in the hole could be transferred from the other hole.

The Party committee of the central Hebei region of the Communist Party of China, which led the Anti Japanese struggle, soon discovered and summed up the inventions and creations of the people. In January 1942, it clearly pointed out that the central Hebei region should carry out the underground struggle. Then, it puts forward specific requirements and guidance on the organization and leadership, technical scale and other issues of tunnel excavation. The large-scale underground engineering started, and the famous tunnel warfare in the history of war was born.

Ranzhuang tunnel, with cross street as the center, has four main trunk lines, 13 north-south branch lines, 11 East-West branch lines, Liancun tunnel connecting dongsunzhuang in the West and Jiangzhuang in the northeast, and extra village tunnel connecting suijiafen and hEPO in the southeast. The total length of the tunnel is 16 kilometers, forming a tunnel network connecting villages and families, which can advance, retreat, attack and defend. Some of the entrances and exits of the tunnel are built on the wall at the root of the house, some on the ground near the wall, and some on the animal trough, kang surface, pot table, wellhead, face cabinet, and under the loom, making it difficult for the enemy to find them. Tunnels are generally two meters above the ground, about one to one and a half meters high and 0.8 to one meter wide. They are divided into two types: military tunnels for war and civil tunnels for concealment. The tunnel is equipped with lighting and road signs, grain storage room, kitchen, toilet and rest room. In addition, high building fortifications were built on the roofs of the main roads in the village, which organically combined the tunnel with the ground fortifications. According to different topographical features, fortifications and gun holes were built in the small temple, Nianzi, Shaobing stove, counter, corner and root of the wall. All these fortifications are connected with tunnels, which can not only watch, but also shoot and pull thunder. Ranzhuang tunnel fortification has five defenses, namely, anti destruction, anti blockade, waterproof irrigation and anti-corrosion

Chinese PinYin : Ran Zhuang Di Dao Zhan Ji Nian Guan