Bailiandong cave Science Museum, Liuzhou

Ecotourism demonstration area of professional committee of Chinese Ecological Society

Bailiandong cave Science Museum

synonym

Bailiandong cave Science Museum in Liuzhou generally refers to bailiandong cave Science Museum

Bailiandong cave Science Museum (bailiandong Museum for short) is located in the south foot of Baimian mountain, 12 kilometers southeast of Liuzhou city. It is connected with Liushi first-class highway in the East, Nanliu Expressway in the South and Bailian airport in the West. It is 249.8 meters above sea level and covers an area of 66000 square meters. It is the first comprehensive museum integrating cave science research, science popularization and tourism in China. The main body is Bailian cave Science Museum Ancient cave. Baimian mountain is a part of a huge mountain with mountain peaks. There is a limestone cave with an area of 7500 square meters. There are five openings in the cave. The main hall faces south. Because there is a huge white stalactite in the middle of the cave, which looks like a lotus bud, it is named Bailian cave.

brief introduction

In 1956, the South China cave investigation team of paleoanthropology Research Office, Institute of vertebrate paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, led by famous anthropologist Professor Pei Wenzhong, went to Guangxi to investigate giant apes and human fossils. Four stone tools, one flat pointed bone cone and one coarse bone needle were found in the soil layer of Bailian cave. These stone tools are made of gravel, the stone is siliceous limestone and quartzite. The needle body and cone of the bone organ are broken. After identification, it is considered that the accumulation of Dongting lake belongs to "late Paleolithic Age". In 1961, the municipal government of Liuzhou listed Bailian cave as a key cultural relic protection unit. At the initiative of Professor Pei Wenzhong, the museum began to organize the Bailian cave Museum in 1981. On May 1 of the same year, Pei Wenzhong wrote an inscription for Bailian Cave: "China can become the center of Paleoanthropology in the world, Guangxi is the center of the center.". During the Spring Festival in 1985, the bailiandong museum was officially opened, which was announced by CCTV, China Central People's radio, people's daily and other news media. From February to May of the same year, national television of Japan, British television and Hong Kong television successively sent people to take pictures in Bailian cave.

Bailiandong Museum attracts the attention of experts, scholars and tourists at home and abroad for its rich connotation of ancient human cultural sites and typical karst geological phenomena in the cave. Many Chinese and foreign experts and scholars gave high praise after visiting and inspecting Bailian cave. Professor Jia Lanpo, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences, wrote an inscription for the 40th anniversary of the discovery of the Bailian cave site: "the fragrant clay of the Bailian cave is not stained, and there are many connotations accumulated in the cave.". Professor Deng Cong of the Chinese University of Hong Kong believes that "the excavation of the bailiandong site has completely solved the long-standing mystery of the Mesolithic Age in Chinese archaeology.". After investigating Bailian cave, Japanese scholar Kazuo Uehara and chairman of international cave society Ford respectively came to the conclusion that "Japanese and Liujiang people share the same ancestry" and "Liuzhou is the heart of karst terrain in the world". Bailiandong museum is famous at home and abroad.

Basic structure

The bailiandong cave Science Museum in Liuzhou is a site museum based on the bailiandong Stone Age cultural site. Its display can be divided into two parts: outside the cave and inside the cave. The display outside the cave is composed of indoor display (Liuzhou primitive culture, karst cave knowledge, biological specimen display) and "prehistoric animals and plants" outdoor display; the display inside the cave is composed of site display and geological phenomenon display. The route to visit the cave is 1870 meters long. Along the way, there are more than ten groups of restored sculptures of ancient human life scenes. Outside the cave is a prehistoric animal and botanical garden, and inside the garden are large sculptures of prehistoric animals such as giant panda, Saber Toothed elephant, rhinoceros, etc. Bailian cave, also known as "prehistoric botanical garden", can be divided into six layers of cave twists and turns, each layer of stalactites, stalagmites, stone mantle gorgeous, strange and elegant rocks. The bottom layer is an underground river, about 370 meters long. The water is quiet and you can go boating. The air in the cave is circuitous and slow, and the mist is light.

The age span of bailiandong site is about 30000 years, spanning from Paleolithic to Neolithic. This is the stage of the leap of human economic form from grab type to production type. The site is a rare global paleoclimate information repository in south subtropics. From 1961 to 1990, 3550 fossils of animal bones, 390 fossils of teeth and cultural relics such as stone tools and stone decorations were unearthed from the accumulation layer of the cave. In addition, traces of ancient human fire were also found.

Exhibition Center

Liuzhou primitive culture exhibition: Liuzhou has a long history and culture, including early Homo erectus, which was accompanied by giant ape fossils more than 1 million years ago, from the early Pleistocene, followed by the late Paleolithic Homo sapiens (Homo sapiens), which was 45000 years ago, and the Paleolithic age found in more than 40 caves around Bailian cave, liyuzui cave, jiutoushan cave and duleyan cave From the late Neolithic to the early and middle Neolithic, there are fossils and cultural remains of ancient humans. Liuzhou is famous at home and abroad for its collection of "Liujiang people", "bailiandong people", "Dalongtan people" and other tens of thousands of years of prehistoric cultural accumulation, and has become a place where the Japanese seek their ancestors. The exhibition room focuses on the serialization of Liuzhou prehistoric culture, especially Bailian cave culture, so as to show the world the historical and cultural origins of Liuzhou and even Guangxi.

Liuzhou karst cave geological knowledge display: Liuzhou is known as "the heart of karst terrain in the world". There are more than 200 karst caves developed in Liuzhou city. In addition, there are about 500 large and small caves in the two counties, and more than 50 caves can be developed and utilized. These caves are exposed from the Devonian to the Permian, from the old to the new; the types are dry cave, water cave, underground river, and water cave of different sizes; the surface morphology is skylight, Tianshengqiao, etc. The beautiful landscape is composed of strange mountains, strange rocks, strange caves and clear water. Taking the geological phenomenon of Bailian cave as the center, Bailian cave Museum systematically displays the unique phenomenon of Liuzhou cave, serving for popular science geological education.

Biological specimen display: Liuzhou is rich in ancient and modern animal and plant resources, and the bailiandong museum displays them in the form of fossils and living specimens, so as to popularize biological knowledge to the general public, especially young students.

"Prehistoric animal and Botanical Garden" open-air display: the bailiandong site is a rare repository of global paleoclimate information since the late Pleistocene Yumu ice age in the south subtropical region. There are abundant sporopollen and animal fossils in the site. On the existing 60 mu hillside, the museum has restored the ecological environment of ancient primeval forest, restored the images of ancient animals such as Saber Toothed elephant, giant panda and rhinoceros, and built it into a "prehistoric animal and Botanical Garden".

Display of bailiandong cultural site: bailiandong cultural site is a cultural site of three different ages from the late Paleolithic age to the early and middle Neolithic age. The excavated cultural sites are protected by glass, which clearly shows the series of Bailian cave culture, and has become a yardstick for stratigraphic correlation of contemporary sites in China and even abroad. In addition, in the long and narrow cave of the site, the museum also used the form of sculpture to create nearly ten groups of statues reflecting the production and life scenes of primitive people.

Display of original phenomena in the cave: the total length of Bailian cave is 1870 meters, with a total of 5 caves. The cave is undulating up and down, nearly circuitous, and can be divided into six layers, with a total area of 7500 square meters. A variety of geological phenomena and marine fossils can be seen on the long cave wall. There are thousands of bats hiding in the depths of caves and blind fish swimming in underground rivers. The precipitates from the evaporation of water droplets containing calcium oxide form a natural back dam, winding and circling, and the crystals of gypsum, dolomite and calcite in the rocks are shining. The stone mantle, stalagmite and stone column formed by karst can be seen everywhere, forming a wonderful and magnificent landscape. It's as if tourists have arrived at the mythical heaven and learned a lot about cave geology.

Exhibitions and collections

Human tooth fossils

Human tooth fossil on the left. The root of the tooth is absent locally, especially in the mesial side. There is a long and narrow contact facet on the lingual surface of the crown. The buccal surface was obviously inclined inward toward the lingual surface, and the degree of enamel extension was greater than that of the lingual side. The crowns of the teeth are large and strong, the occlusal surfaces are abraded to a great extent, and the teeth have been basically ground flat, which seems to be a middle-aged male individual. Human tooth fossil on the right. The root of the tooth was slightly gnawed by rodents, and the crown was intact. There was a certain degree of abrasion on the occlusal surface, and the abrasion on the buccal side was greater than that on the lingual side. The lingual side of the crown is straight, and the buccal side inclines inward toward the lingual side. The teeth are smooth without obvious ridge. The whole tooth seems to be a young female individual.

Horn organ

The pyramid is made by grinding its tip with the antlers of spotted deer. There are cutting marks on the handle. It is 12.0 cm long and weighs 49 G.

Ground stone

Jade is made of one piece of jade. One side of the body is flat and the other side is irregular. It has a single edge and a ladder shape. It is 9.1 long, 5.3 wide, 3.8 wide and 1.3 cm thick.

Big stone shovel

Wedge shaped stone shovel with inclined shoulder. It is a kind of ritual utensils, sacrificial utensils and sacrificial utensils. For religious ritual supplies. Late Neolithic. The residual length is 71.9 cm, the blade width is 15.3 cm, the shoulder width is 1.7 cm and the top shoulder width is 4.9 cm.

Stone chips with traces of use

It is made of black chert and has a curved body. The tip can be used as a carving tool and the concave edge can be used as a concave edge scraper. It is 3.7 cm long, 2.0 cm wide, 0.4 cm thick and weighs 4G.

Address: Liuzhou, Guangxi

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