Yan Xishan's former residence

Yan Xishan's former residence

Yan Xishan's former residence is located in riverside village, 22 kilometers northeast of Dingxiang County, Shanxi Province. It was built in the early 1920s and ended in the 1930s. It lasted for 14 years and cost 1.4 million taels of silver. The whole complex is located from east to west, 135.2 meters long and 119.7 meters wide.

Covers an area of 61834 square meters, nearly 30 courtyards, more than 800 houses. There are 575 rooms in 18 courtyards, covering an area of 38000 square meters and a building area of 18000 square meters. The overall design is divided into upper and lower courtyards, with East and west gardens in front and back.

survey

Yan Xishan's former residence is located in riverside village, 22 kilometers northeast of Dingxiang County (originally belonged to Wutai County). It was built in 1913 and completed in 24 years. The whole complex is located from east to west, with nearly 30 courtyards and more than 1000 houses. The old house is divided into two courtyards, with East and west gardens at the front and back. The east garden is mainly built in the traditional palace style of late Qing Dynasty. The gate is in the style of ancient archway. Through the rockery, you can get to the first courtyard. The ground here is made of pebbles and green bricks with geometric patterns, and opposite is a tall two-story building. Through the corridor is the second courtyard. The main hall of the second courtyard is three large rooms for the Yan family to discuss and hold meetings. The palace style building of the third courtyard is tall and grand, and you can have a distant view of the whole village. Yan Xishan's former residence is a masterpiece of antique architecture in the early Republic of China, which is of great historical value.

Yan Xishan's former residence is now the riverside folk custom museum. Riverside Folk Museum

Yan Xishan's former residence was founded in the 1980s. The exhibits in the museum are mainly folk cultural relics. According to the six series layout of agriculture, food, housing, transportation, entertainment and letter, there are 58 exhibition rooms, covering a total area of 1980 square meters, including Folk Dough sculpture, embroidery, sculpture, diet, belief, wedding custom and Lantern Festival folk street. The exhibitions in these exhibition rooms are relatively independent and convenient The cross connection vividly reflects the unique folk culture and colorful folk art in northern Shanxi in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.

brief introduction

Yan Xishan's former residence

It is a private house of Yan Xishan, who ruled Shanxi for nearly 40 years in the period of the Republic of China. It is located in riverside village, Dingxiang County, Shanxi Province (originally belonged to Wutai County). It was built around 1913. Before the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in 1937, it has built more than 30 courtyards, including dudufu, deyilou, jiangjunfu, erlaotaiye, chuanxinyuan, donghuayuan, xihuayuan and zimingci kindergarten Houses (there are 27 courtyards and more than 700 houses), covering a total area of more than 33000 square meters.

Yan Xishan's former residence is not only a precious object to study the rise and fall of Yan family, but also a historical relic of Yan Xishan's political career. At the same time, it also shows its unique cultural value and aesthetic value with its distinctive folk color and the architectural art style of the combination of Chinese and western. Among them, a group of exquisite stone, brick and wood carvings make visitors forget to return. The tunnels and basements under the main buildings cover the former residence with a magical veil. After more than 60 years of ups and downs and vicissitudes of life, this former residence not only had its prosperous period (before and after Yan Feng's overthrow of Jiang from 1929 to 1930, riverside village once became the national military and political center, which was paid attention to at home and abroad), but also had its declining period. Today, the reform and opening-up policy of the party and the state has bathed the former residence in a warm sunshine calling for the reunification of the motherland.

On August 18, 1986, Yan Xishan's former residence was listed as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit by the people's Government of Shanxi Province. In August 1988, it was opened as a folk custom museum along the river in northern Shanxi Province.

Architecture

The buildings of Yan Xishan's former residence, East Garden, are all traditional Chinese palaces, with good cornices, carved beams and painted buildings, "Five Ridges and six good mountains and tiles, overhanging eaves and flying iron horses, standing and lying on railings, exposing columns, and connecting the building with drum mounds and rocks". Each building is decorated with a variety of wood and stone carvings, the stone at the bottom of the railings is carved with lions and monkeys, and the reclining railings are painted with various legends and stories, such as "the three bonds of the peach garden" and "the birth of LV Dongbin". As soon as the East Garden enters the third courtyard, the majestic gate is a stone gatehouse with eight character brick walls on both sides, and a plaque with four big gold characters "wendun cottage" is hung on the top of the gate.

As soon as you enter the gate, a small rockery half blocks people's sight, making it impossible to see through at a glance. Turning around the rockery is the first courtyard. The courtyard is quite broad, and the ground is made of cobbles and green bricks in geometric patterns. On the opposite side is a tall two-story building, and on the north and south sides is a large tile roofed building. Through the corridor is the second courtyard, the main hall of which is three large rooms. There are tables and chairs in the room for the Yan family to discuss business and hold banquets. Both the north and the South lead to the backyard. The palace style building of the third courtyard is high and large. Standing at the top of the third floor, you can overlook the whole village.

Opposite the east garden is the west garden. Compared with the east garden, the west garden is much smaller and more damaged. The so-called Er Lao Tai Ye's residence is the residence of Yan Shudian, Yan Xishan's second uncle. It's also a large quadrangle with bright pillars. The carvings and paintings are very exquisite. To the south of the east garden, close to ER Lao Tai Yeh's mansion, there is an exquisite tile roofed building connecting the front and back courtyards, which is the famous Dudu mansion. In the northeast corner of the backyard of the governor's mansion, there is a small courtyard, in which stands the second high-rise building of Yan's mansion, the first floor. The front of the building can pass through the dududufu, and the back of the building is connected with the second courtyard of East Garden by tunnel. On the exit of the tunnel, bats are flying, auspicious clouds are blooming, surrounded by the three characters "can work", all of which are stone carvings. In addition, there is a courtyard just south of Er Lao Tai Ye's residence. It's the general's mansion. It's a quadrangle compound. Just north of the east garden is the famous zimingci children's home.

value

Looking at Yan Xishan's former residence, a group of magnificent and changeable modern buildings, it is not only a precious object to study the rise and fall of Yan's family, but also a historical relic of Yan Xishan's ups and downs in his political career. At the same time, it also shows its unique cultural value and aesthetic value with its distinctive folk color and the architectural art style of the combination of China and the West. Among them, a group of exquisite stone carving, brick carving and wood carving make Chinese and foreign tourists forget to return. The tunnels and basements under the main buildings cover the old house with a mysterious veil.

In the autumn of 1988, the relevant departments of Shanxi Province prepared to build a folk custom museum here, and successively built more than 90 exhibition rooms, including folk embroidery, paper cutting, carving, knitting, competition, painting, textile, paper making, catering, clothing, houses, beliefs and Lantern Festival folk street, which vividly reflected the unique and rich folk culture and colorful folk art in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. In addition, the famous craftsmen of Tianjin clay figurine Zhang Sculpture Research Institute were specially invited to carve the wax statues of Zhu De, Chiang Kai Shek, Song Meiling, Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan, Shao Lizi, Yan Huiqing (five girls) and other historical celebrities, vividly representing the historical dramas that took place in this ancient house with high courtyard and deep caves.

characteristic

The East Hall of the second courtyard is majestic and spectacular. The hall is divided into two floors. The front hall is the place where the Yan Family discussed business, received guests and held banquets. On December 17, 1934, Yan Xishan's father Yan Shutang died of illness. The memorial hall was located here. The whole month's memorial activities were full of Jinren, Yinma, Xueshan and suhai. All day long, the incense was burning and the Sheng tube was singing. Xu Yongchang, chairman of the Shanxi provincial government and Lin Sen, chairman of the national government, and he Yingqin, representative of Chiang Kai Shek, chairman of the Kuomintang military commission and Minister of military affairs, all came here to pay their respects. From some historical photos and a large number of documents, we can see the great power of Yan Fu at that time. Through the aisle on one side of the East Hall is the third courtyard of the east garden. It is much smaller than the second hospital. But as far as architectural art is concerned, it is more exquisite and exquisite. Not to mention anything else, the base of the four halls is carved with blue stone into a lotus shaped stone base (xumizuo). We can see how it spared no money and cost, and sought perfection. At the lintel of the main hall, three big brick characters of "dangren hall" can be discerned. This is probably to take the great responsibility of heaven on this person. I'm duty bound. The host's complacency is beyond expression.

Behind the main hall of the third courtyard in the east garden, there is a relatively secret small courtyard, where Yan Xishan often lives and works. Every time he comes back from the outside, he does not need to go through the courtyard outside. He can park his car in the driveway behind him. People can come in through the side door and directly enter the main room of the courtyard to have a rest. If someone asks to see him, he doesn't need to go outside. Instead, he goes along the magnificent corridor of the small courtyard and turns to the front main hall (namely dangren Hall) to receive visitors and work. He lived in this yard during his father's funeral. There is also a legend about Feng Yuxiang who lived in this small courtyard before Feng Yan overthrows Jiang, that is, between October 1929 and February 1930 when he was under house arrest by Yan Xishan in Wutai Jian'an Village (Yan Xishan's father-in-law Village). After preliminary research, it may be a legend.

In the southeast of sanjiyuan, there stands a three story building. The ground floor is a very spacious three eye cave and a stone passage to the upper floor. The upper two floors are made of green bricks. The top of the building is paved with square bricks, which can be used for visitors to climb up and look at the scenery. But from

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