The old city of tengguo

The old city of tengguo is a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level. Located in Tengcheng village, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, it is a national AA scenic spot. The main landscapes are: Wengong building, the forest of steles of shanguo, zhoulingmarsh, ancient pagoda trees of Tang Dynasty, spectacular stones, ancient brick couplets, luzu Pavilion, shanggongguan Yongcheng site, etc.

The old city of tengguo

Tengzhou is the provincial key cultural relics protection unit of tengguo ancient city. Located in Tengcheng village, Jiangtun Town, Tengzhou City, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, it is a national AA scenic spot.

The main landscapes are: Wengong building, the forest of steles of shanguo, zhoulingmarsh, ancient pagoda trees of Tang Dynasty, spectacular stones, ancient brick couplets, luzu Pavilion, shanggongguan Yongcheng site, etc. The most representative landscapes are Wengong building, ancient pagoda tree of Tang Dynasty and stele forest of shanguo.

development history

The old city of Teng state is located in Tengcheng village, seven kilometers southwest of Tengzhou City, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, in the sun of Jinghe River. Today, the city wall is faintly visible, and the circumference of Zicheng is about 2 kilometers. It was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Shandong Province in 1977. In the 26th century BC, there were twenty-five sons of the Yellow Emperor. Fourteen of them had their surnames, which were twelve. The tenth son was granted Teng, which was called "Teng of the Yellow Emperor". "Teng" is named after taking water and surging. The character Teng of Teng state was originally the character Cheng. Zheng Xuanyun: "when the ancients wrote, because they were too hasty to write, or because they borrowed phonetic analogy, they tended to be close to each other.". In this case, "Teng" is a homophonic loan word used by the ancients. People take mistakes for granted. In 1027 B.C., King Wu conquered Shang and granted his fourteenth brother Shu embroidery in Teng. It is the beginning of Teng state with Ji surname. Shu Xiu and his descendants were the close followers sent by the Zhou Dynasty to the east to monitor Dongyi countries. Teng was as famous as Lu, Wei, Jin and Zheng. The state of Teng, which lasted more than 700 years, was destroyed by the state of song in the 29th year of King Nan of Zhou Dynasty (286 BC). During the Warring States period, Teng Wengong, the king of Teng state, was a small country with a radius of 50 Li. Under the situation of eight hundred princes standing side by side and seven princes dominating, he was not only not annexed by big powers, but also known as a "good country" and "outstanding above the twelve princes in sishang". This is a historical miracle. When Teng Wengong was the son of the emperor, he passed through Pengcheng, the capital of the state of song, and twice asked Mencius about politics. Mencius said: "today Teng's strong points make up for its weak points. Even fifty Li can be regarded as a good country.". After his father Teng Dinggong died, he sent ranyou to Zou to ask Mencius for funeral rites. Mencius taught to practice "three years of mourning". Because the funeral was abandoned for a long time, the officials objected. He sent ranyou to Zou. Mencius said, "however, he can't ask for it.". Therefore, the name of filial piety spread among the princes. After Teng Wengong succeeded to the throne, he invited Mencius to give lectures in the upper palace. Wen Gong asked Mencius, "Teng is a small country. Is everything in Qi and Chu? What's the matter? " Mencius said, "Teng is a small country, but if you try your best to serve a big country, you can't help it." He advocates that we should not rely on a big country, but only implement benevolent government, so that we can be prosperous and strong. As a result, the Duke of Wen was known as "the first king of law", "benevolent government" and "good education". Far and near, Wen Gong was praised as "virtuous king". Xu Xing of the state of Chu, who studied Shennong theory, was one of the most influential figures in the pre Qin period. He led ten disciples to settle in Teng. Chen Liang, a disciple of Chen Xiang in the Song Dynasty, and his younger brother Xin came to settle down in Teng state behind his back.

Historical records

Tengguo's old city is located in the southwest of Tengzhou City, Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province, on the North Bank of Jinghe River, about 5 kilometers away from the urban area, in the south of today's Jiangtun Town, facing Hongxu town across the river in the East.

According to historical records, "Tengcheng, 20 Li in the Zhou Dynasty, has a Zicheng in it.". The walls of the old city can be seen.

outer city

The "outer city" is slightly square, and the cars are all over the West. In the south of the west wall of the outer city, there is a section of moat, commonly known as "xihaizi", which used to be the moat in the past. In the southeast of the outer city, there are marshes at each end, which are filled with water and lotus roots in the past. It is known as "two pools of lotus and one city of Hibiscus".

According to archaeological investigation, the actual length of the outer city is 4.5 km.

The north wall takes the East-West Xiaojing River as the moat and the north boundary of the city site; the east wall is on the west side of the old Jinghe road in the East and near the North-South trend of the city, with the West embankment as the city foundation and this section of the river as the east boundary; the southeast corner of the city is on the west corner of the old river, with the original shanggongguan site on the inner bend embankment; a small part of the east part of the south wall takes the river embankment as the city foundation, and most of the west part of the south wall is still slightly different The remnant sign of the city foundation seems to have a soil ridge, which is high to the north of the city and low to the south, originally at the river beach; the south wall extends westward to the south of xiteng city village, that is, it turns northward to form the west city wall. The low-lying place outside the corner of the city was xihaizi; there was a deep trench in the north and South outside the wall of the West City, which was the moat of the west wall; the west wall did not cross the river, but crossed with the south bank dike of Xiaojing River in the north of the village, forming the northwest corner; the north wall to the east of the corner took the river dike as the city foundation.

Tengcheng outer wall, east wall, most of the city foundation still exist, the northeast corner is still obvious. Most of the other parts have disappeared.

According to the old "Teng county annals", Tengcheng is ten li on Tuesday It could be an imaginary number. According to several archaeological explorations, there is no "city wall" about 2km to the north, including the "choking city" of the aristocratic cemetery of xiteng state in Zhuangli village. Therefore, there is no "city wall" about 20li outside the city in Zhizai.

inner city

The inner city is called "Zicheng", which is slightly square in the center of the outer city. It is said that the original perimeter is more than 10 Li. For nearly a hundred years, local residents have built villages on the original city foundation, especially the earthen polders built on the original city foundation of the inner city wall in the late Qing Dynasty to avoid the army and resist the disaster of soldiers. Tuweizi did not change the original location of the inner city. After measurement, the actual length of the inner city is nearly 3 kilometers a week, which is quite different from the "more than 10 Li" data.

Now Zicheng is 3-4 meters above the ground. The top of the city wall is covered with locust trees, with green leaves and fragrant flowers. There is Tengcheng village in the city, surrounded by green orchards and farmland, full of vitality.

Wen Gong Tai

There is a high platform near the northeast corner of the inner city, which is called "Wengong platform", also known as "Lingtai". There is a pool under the platform, which is said to be "lingchi". "Mencius · Liang Hui Wang Shang" records: "King Wen took the people as the platform and the marsh, and when the people were happy, he called his platform the spiritual platform and the marsh the spiritual marsh.". Teng Wengong followed the French king to build Lingtai and dig lingmarsh, taking the pleasure of the people.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Zhenwu temple was built on the platform. On both sides of the left Ye gate of the temple, there are couplets carved on bricks by Wei Jicha, a scholar of Zhubang in the Qing Dynasty: "the historic site is near Jingliu, and he once cherished his son on the high platform; he left the original embroidery, so don't mistake Feige for Tengwang.". There are "Wenchang Pavilion", "luzu Pavilion", "Gongde Temple" and "rest Temple" in the east of Gaotai. Therefore, "wengongtai" was called "Tengcheng Temple" by villagers.

Another merit stone is carved with a magical and moving story. There is a huge stone on the table, engraved with Li Bai's handwriting "spectacular";

In front of the stage, there are two ancient locust trees, vigorous and simple, facing each other from left to right, with luxuriant branches and leaves. It is said that it was planted in Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty, more than 1000 years ago, and the local people respected it as a "sacred tree".

Shanggong Hall

Shanggongguan site is located on the Bank of the southeast corner of the outer city by the river. It is a high-class hotel where Mencius, the Confucian master, visited tengwen residence in Guteng.

In August 1958, Mao Zedong visited Shandong from Henan, and the special train stopped in Yanzhou. Wang Jide, then deputy secretary of Jining Prefecture Party committee and first Secretary of Tengxian county Party committee, was asked, "where is tengxiaoguo? Is there any historical site of Mencius in tengxiaoguo? " "Teng Wengong invited Mencius to give lectures. Mencius hall is in Shanggong. Is there any more in the upper palace? " Wang Jide, who jokingly called Mao Zedong "the king of tengxiaoguo", was embarrassed and did not answer. The "Mencius hall in Shanggong" mentioned by great men is the "Shanggong hall" in the southeast corner of the outer city.

Reconstruction of the ancient city

In 1992, the people's Government of Tengzhou City renovated the Wengong terrace, with its halls, corridors, carved beams and painted buildings, green bricks and green tiles, and its halls standing up again. In the hall, there is a wax statue of "Wen Gong asking about politics". Wen Gong asked for Mencius' strategy of governing the country, and he ran you, Bi Zhan and other figures are vivid. The newly built stele forest on the east side of Taitung displays the steles, epitaphs, steles of Tang Wang Shi, steles of Tang Xingguo temple, steles of Tang Liangshan yeniang, steles of Jin Taiping yuan, steles of Jin Dading, steles of song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, steles of Yuan Daqing and stone carvings of Hua Shikui's calligraphy art collected over the years.

Main attractions

The main landscapes are: Wengong building, the forest of steles of shanguo, zhoulingmarsh, ancient pagoda trees of Tang Dynasty, spectacular stones, ancient brick couplets, luzu Pavilion, shanggongguan Yongcheng site, etc. The most representative landscapes are Wengong building, ancient pagoda tree of Tang Dynasty and stele forest of shanguo.

Wengong Tower: it is built on the platform of Wengong, facing south in the north. In the main hall on the first floor, there are colored wax statues of Teng Wengong, Mencius and other historical figures of Teng state. The statues vividly reproduce the vivid scene of Teng Wengong asking about politics in Mencius and the officials listening to the records of historians recorded in Mencius * chapters and sentences of Teng Wengong. On the second floor, the "exhibition of Teng's historical relics" shows the splendid history of Teng for 3000 years with precious cultural relics, pictures, historical materials, calligraphy and painting.

Ancient pagoda tree of Tang Dynasty: in front of Wengong platform, two ancient pagoda trees stand face to face with each other from east to west, towering abruptly, about 10 meters high and about 3 meters thick. Qiu long dances in the sky in winter, and new green covers the blue sky in spring. It is vigorous, simple and full of ancient charm. This pagoda tree was planted by monks in Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty. It has a history of more than 1300 years and is called "sacred tree" by local people.

Forest of Steles: located on the platform of Wengong, east of Wengong building. Collected from the Han Dynasty to now dozens of pieces

Chinese PinYin : Teng Guo Gu Cheng