Bixia Palace

Bixia Palace

Bixia palace is Bixia Yuanjun palace, also known as Notre Dame temple, commonly known as grandma temple. Located at the peak of the southern end of Fuqiu mountain in Jun County, Hebi City, Henan Province, it is located in the north to the south, with three courtyards in front and back, covering an area of 11160 square meters and 87 halls and pavilions. It is a large-scale, rigorous layout and well preserved ancient architectural complex with high historical, artistic and scientific research value. Bixia palace was built in 1542, which took 21 years to complete. Later, it was rebuilt and expanded many times in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, gradually taking on its present scale. In March 2013, it was announced as the seventh batch of key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

brief introduction

The main building of Bixia palace takes the north and South as the axis, and the East and West are symmetrically distributed. The palace buildings are orderly and magnificent.

The gate is 3-bay wide. It is a single eaves mountain building with green glazed tiles covering the top. At both ends of the main ridge, there are tail swallowing ridges. On the ridge, there are flying fish, seahorse and four gods. The entrance to the mountain is the front yard of Bixia palace. There are four Shuai halls and the second floors of bells and drums on the two sides. There are three gates on the left and right sides. Each gate is built with one gate tower. The middle gate tower is larger. It is of wood structure with four adings and Ruyi Dougong. The structure is complex. Passing through the second gate to the middle yard, the courtyard is filled with ancient cypresses and steles. The main hall is the main building of Bixia palace, built on a 2m high platform. In the middle of the two imperial roads of Panlong, the carving of "Erlong Xizhu" is ingenious and exquisite. The main hall is a combined building with a rolling shed, a hall for worshiping at the top of the mountain and a hall for hanging at the back of the mountain. The two halls are connected and integrated. In the back hall, there are three brick lotus stands side by side, on which there is a wooden cabinet with dragon, Phoenix and flowers. In the cupboard, each statue of Goddess is named Bixia Yuanjun, peixia Yuanjun and Zixia Yuanjun. In the middle of the backyard of Bixia palace, facing the dormitory building, it was built in 1646, the third year of qingshunye (1646). It has three wide faces and three double eaves. The building on the top of the mountain is simple and elegant.

characteristic

Bixia palace is located in the north and south, with 87 halls and pavilions centered on the north-south axis, forming three courtyards. On the central axis, there are theater, everything Zishi square, hard peak gate, si'ading gate, main hall composed of rolling shed Xieshan and suspended peak, and dormitory with triple eaves Xieshan. The main hall of Bixia palace is the main building of Bixia palace, which was built in 1542. The main hall is built on a 2-meter-high platform, with ten steps on both sides for the upper and lower platforms. The stone carving of Panlong royal road in the middle and "Erlong Xizhu" on the top are carved. The main hall is a combined building with a rolling shed, a worship hall at the top of the mountain and a back hall at the top of the mountain, covered with green glazed tiles and overhanging eaves. It is 5 rooms wide and 7 rooms deep. In front of it is the hall of worship. The eaves stretch out for more than 1.5 meters, with a bucket arch. After the main hall. The left and right windows in front of the hall are carved with patterns of pine branches, cranes, grapes and eight immortals. The east window is carved with "Lingzhen Dongdai" and the west window is carved with running script characters of "Guangying Xichi". The front of the hall is hung with painted "twenty four filial piety pictures" and carved with dragon and phoenix patterns. Inside and outside, there are more than 30 kinds of different types of pattern paintings. The outer walls of the two mountains of the main hall are painted with "Eight Immortals" and "Twelve beauties". There is a "copper vase" in the middle of the main ridge of the back hall, which is 2.5 meters high and 3 meters in circumference. It is called "wind mill copper treasure fenugreek". In the back hall, there are three brick lotus terraces side by side, with Bixia Yuanjun in the middle, which is dominated by Bixia palace. The left and right two are peixia Yuanjun and Zixia Yuanjun respectively. The palace building is Bixia Yuanjun's. It is located on a platform with a height of 1.8 meters. It was built in the third year of Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty (1846). It was mostly repaired in the Qing and Republic of China period, and was put down for overhaul in 1987. It has five rooms in width and three rooms in depth. It is a triple eaves building. The roof is covered with green glazed tiles, cornices are decorated with fairy, flying fish, seahorse, etc. The building is divided into two floors, with corridors around the top and bottom, and wooden columns supporting the corridor, so it is also called "corner building". The inner wall of the downstairs is painted with a picture of Yuanjun's spirit, outlined by ink lines and painted flat in monochrome; in the warm Pavilion upstairs, there is a wood carving of Bixia. Yuanjun sleeps like a body, commonly known as "sleeping grandmother". On the west wall, there is a picture of Yuanjun's tour. The Dragon chariot is full of colorful clouds, the guard of honor is the leader, and the Phoenix is flying. East wall painted Yuanjun huiluan map, Kunyi Wanzhuang, auspicious shrouded, a peaceful scene. When you climb the building, you can see the mountain in the East and the fairyland in the sky; when you look at the Weishui in the west, you can see the jade belt winding. There are four Shuai hall, the second floor of Bell and drum and panchi on the left and right of the front yard, ten halls on the left and right of the middle yard, Yan Jun hall, son and son hall and eye hall, and yuenu hall, dumb girl hall and dongxipeilou on the left and right of the back yard. Bixia palace is a large-scale, well protected ancient building complex.

legend

Bixia palace is a palace built by the ancients for the legendary goddess Bixia Yuanjun. Covering an area of 11160 square meters, this ancient building integrates folk customs, religious culture and architectural art. For hundreds of years, it is not only a symbol of auspiciousness, love and holiness, but also a carrier of people's life complex. The first month temple fair in xunxian County sprouted in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, the magistrate of xunxian County, Jiang Hongquan, presided over the construction of Bixia palace in Fuqiu mountain, attracting people thousands of miles away to visit the mountain. Later, the temple fair became a convention.

The key to the longevity of the first month temple in Junxian County lies in people's belief in Bixia Yuanjun since ancient times. If we put aside this belief, there will not be thousands of people coming to Junxian for the meeting. In other words, without the support of Bixia Yuanjun's "fans", the Junxian Temple Fair would have come to an end. Since ancient times, there are countless temples in the world, but few people call them "palaces" -- there is a huge temple named Bixia palace in Xunxian county. Bixia palace is the abbreviation of "Bixia Yuanjun Palace". People in Junxian County used to call it laonai hall. In Bixia palace, although not in time for the temple fair, the reporter still felt the people's pious belief in Bixia Yuanjun. The solemn and solemn expression of groups of faithful men and women praying in front of "Granny" left a deep impression on the reporter. After entering the hall, they perfumed carefully, then put their hands together and kowtowed again. That kind of piety from the heart can really move the bystanders. Bixia Yuanjun was a "jade girl" in ancient times. The emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty gave her the title of "fairy jade girl Bixia Yuanjun". The faithful men and women in Junxian and its surrounding areas called her Junxian laonai or laogranny. Therefore, the Bixia palace in Junxian county is also known as the old milk hall. Bixia palace has a long history, and the king of Bixia is very famous, which is well known in the Central Plains. Every time we go to the traditional temple fair in Junxian County in the first month, may and August of the lunar calendar, pilgrims and tourists from all over the country will come. In particular, during the first month of the ancient temple meeting, people who came to pay homage to Bixia Yuanjun "ran in an endless stream, day and night.". Bixia Yuanjun is a goddess widely believed in the north of China, especially in the Central Plains. Her full name is Bixia Yuanjun, the goddess of heaven. Yuanjun is the honorific name of female immortal in Taoism. The folk belief of Bixia Yuanjun has experienced a long evolution process, and its source can be traced back to the goddess worship in the primitive society. It is said in the tactics of the Yellow Emperor's Xuannv that the Yellow Emperor had the help of a goddess (Xuannv) when he conquered Chiyou. Huang Di, the first ancestor of China, also used the power of goddess in the war, which shows that the goddess belief has a long history. There are different legends about the origin of Bixia Yuanjun: one is that she used to be a jade girl under the Yellow Emperor, and later became Bixia Yuanjun. Another way of saying is that Bixia Yuanjun was a jade lady in the palace of Han Dynasty, and later was named "Bixia Yuanjun, the jade lady of heaven" by Emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty. It is also said that she was the daughter of Shi Shoudao, a great virtuous person in the Han Dynasty. The daughter of Shi family was a child prodigy since she was a child. Later, she became an immortal under the guidance of an immortal and became the king of Bixia. The most popular one is that Bixia Yuanjun was the daughter of Dongyue emperor. Although there are great differences in these views, people have always regarded Bixia Yuanjun as the goddess of fertility, that is to say, she can "breed all things".

origin

At that time, there was a good reason for xunxian to build a palace for Bixia Yuanjun. It was widely spread that Bixia Yuanjun was the daughter of Huang Feihu, the great emperor of Dongyue. Huang Feihu's hometown was in xunxian. Bixia Yuanjun once went back to his hometown to visit his relatives, where he accumulated virtue and did good deeds. It is said that Bixia Palace on Fuqiu mountain was built by Bixia Yuanjun when he returned home to visit his relatives. Legends can't replace historical materials. According to the inscriptions in the 41st year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty, the foundation of Bixia palace and the birth of xunxian ancient temple meeting cannot be separated from a magistrate named Jiang Hongquan. At that time, there was an Erlang temple on Fuqiu mountain, which collapsed for a long time. Villagers rebuilt this small temple on the original site of Erlang temple, named Bixia temple. In the 19th year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty, Jiang Hongquan, a Jinshi, was appointed magistrate of Xunxian county. During his first three years as an official in xunxian County, his son Jiang Sixiao was ill at home for three years. At this time, someone told Jiang Zhixian that Bixia Yuanjun was very effective and advised him to go to Bixia temple in Fuqiu mountain to offer incense. Jiang Zhixian was dubious, but he went to the incense. At that time, Bixia temple was very small. In order to make his son recover as soon as possible, Jiang Zhixian made a wish to Bixia Yuanjun: "let my son get better. I will build a palace for you and build a gold body." It happened that less than ten days after the county magistrate made his wish, his son's illness was really cured. As a result, Jiang Zhixian fulfilled his promise, and he collected a large amount of money to build a palace for Bixia Yuanjun in Fuqiu mountain. It took 21 years for the project to be completed. In the 41st year of Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, a tall temple finally stood on the top of Fuqiu mountain. Feng Guoxiang said that in fact, this Jiangzhi county had something else to ask for in order to build the palace for Bixia Yuanjun. At that time, Taoism spread rapidly, and the belief in Bixia Yuanjun was officially recognized. Even emperor Jiajing believed in Taoism. In the 20th year of Jiajing, Emperor Jiajing even moved out of the palace to live in the Tao

Chinese PinYin : Bi Xia Gong