Confucius heard about Shaoguan

Confucius heard about Shaoguan

Confucius Wenshao, formerly known as Zaoyuan village, is located in Shaoyuan village, Qidu Town, Zibo City, Shandong Province.

Source allusion

According to Linzi county annals in the ninth year of the Republic of China, during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, an ancient monument was excavated in Zaoyuan village in the east of the city, which read "Confucius heard shaochu". Later, several stone chimes were found in the ground, so the village was named Shaoyuan. By the time of Xuantong, the ancient stele had disappeared, and the villagers were afraid that the historical sites would be lost. So in 1911, another stele was set up, still engraved with "Confucius Wenshao place". Confucius Wenshao is located in the north of the village. It is a small light gray antique building. There is a stone tablet inlaid in the middle of the north wall inside the gate. On the tablet, there is a large character inscribed "Confucius Wenshao place". Around the stele, two stone inscriptions are embedded, slightly smaller than the stele. On the left is a picture of "dance music", on which two people sit on the ground, one is in charge of the horizontal blowing; on the right, the other sits upright and looks squarely, as if all of them are immersed in the wonderful artistic realm, when Confucius is enjoying music; on the bottom are two beauties dancing with long sleeves and streamers. The one on the right is a brief introduction of shaole and his son in Qi Wenshao. Stone Inscriptions: it is said that there was a kind of music and dance called "Shao" in the Yushun period in ancient China, also known as "Xiao Shao" or "Shao Xiao". Shao music has nine chapters, so it is also called "Jiushao". It is a very elegant music and dance. By the spring and Autumn period, Shaoyue was still popular in Qi. "The Analects of Confucius · Shuer" records: "in Qi Wenshao, in March, I don't know meat.".

Confucius' "no meat in March"

According to the Confucius family in historical records, "Zi and Qi Taishi talked about music, heard the sound of Shao, and learned it. In March, they didn't know the taste of meat, so Qi people called it." "The Analects of Confucius · Shuer" also contains: "when Zi heard Shao in Qi, he didn't know the meat in March. He said, "if you don't want to be happy, it's best to be here."

Confucius is a great musician. According to historical records · Confucius family, Confucius not only learned his music score, but also achieved his ambition through his experience. At the age of 30, Confucius taught school and apprenticeship. At that time, he taught "six arts", namely: poetry, books, rites, changes, music and spring and autumn. At that time, rites and music were mentioned together, which shows the importance of music. In this regard, the historical records of Confucius family contains: "Confucius taught music and propriety through poetry.". After returning to Lu, Confucius said, "I defend myself against Lu, and then I am happy to be upright," and "Ya" and "song" are in their proper places. "Confucius wrote three hundred and five poems in order to conform to Shao, Wu, Ya and song. From then on, rites and music can be described.". These records show that Confucius was not only able to teach music in general, but also proficient in music theory and temperament. So, why did "hearing Shao in Qi" lead to "no meat taste"? This answer should be sought from Qi Shao itself.

unearthed relic

In 1995, in the old city of Qi State, the ancient Qin's subtractive character spectrum "Xiao Shao Jiu Cheng · Feng Huang Lai Yi" was found, which was identified as early Qi State Shao music by relevant experts. The Museum of the ruins of the ancient city of the state of Qi recast the bell and built the demonstration hall of Qi GuoShao music, which is open to tourists.

Shao is called Shunle in history. "Bamboo annals" contains: "Yu Shun for" Da Shao "music. "Lu's spring and Autumn Annals, ancient music chapter" also contains: "Emperor Shun was ordered to revise" Jiushao "," liulie "and" Liuying "for the sake of Emperor Ming's virtue." It can be seen that Shun's Shao was mainly used to praise Emperor Yao's virtue and to show his loyalty.

Since then, the emperors of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties all took Shao as the national music. For example, when King Wu defeated Shang and entered Yindu, he played Shao music. In response, "Zhou Yishu" said: "Wang into, into the" million. " According to the research, "Wan" is the Wen dance "Shao". At the same time, Shao was also used to worship heaven, and Zhouli chunguan: "dance Dashao to worship Siwang." That's the proof. King Wu of Zhou Dynasty established the world and awarded meritorious officials. Jiang Taigong established the state of Qi with his first meritorious service, and Shao was introduced into Qi.

After entering Qi Dynasty, Shao adapted to the local customs and customs under the influence of Qi's reform and opening-up and the basic national policy of "simplicity due to customs"; absorbed the local art nutrition, enriched and evolved from the content to the form of performance, thus enhanced its expressive force, closer to the traditional music and dance of Dongyi, and showed a new style. Therefore, in 517 BC, when Confucius came to Qi in the 25th year of the Duke of Lu Zhao, he visited Shao of Qi in Gao Zhaozi's home and said with deep admiration, "if you don't want to be happy, you can be happy." "Learn, March is not meat." (historical records · Confucius family · Shuer) left a story of a lifetime.

According to the biography of he Tuo in the book of Sui, "when Qin Shihuang destroyed Qi, he got the music of Shao in Qi; when Han Gaozu destroyed Qin, Shao was passed down in Han, and Han Gaozu changed his name to Wenshi." The records of rites and music of the Han Dynasty and the chronicles of Emperor Xiaowen in historical records are the same: Emperor Qin II used Dashao and Wuxing to worship jimiao, Emperor Taizong used Wenshi to sacrifice emperor Gaozu in the Han Dynasty, the dancers of Wenshi, and the Shao dance of benshun. It can be seen that both Qin and Han Dynasties regarded Shao as temple music, which made Shao reach the extreme position in national music.

When it came to the Wei Dynasty, Cao Pi, Emperor Wen of Wei, ordered Wenshi to be called Dashao again, which was regarded as temple music. In the Southern Dynasty, Emperor Liang Wu made his own suburban temple music and named it "Grand View" after "great Shao". It can be seen that at this time, although the music of Shao changed its content and name, it was still among the emperor's music.

However, through the Tang and Song Dynasties, there is no record of the use or performance of Shao music.

Textual research on scholars

According to the textual research of contemporary scholars, "Shao" is the music of Dongyi (the formation and development of Qiguo Music), and Mencius, the second issue of Guanzi academic journal in 2002, re proves: "Shun, Dongyi people.". Zheng Xuan's note in the book of rites and music: "Shao is the name of Shun's music, which can inherit Yao's virtue." In the book of Han, Li Yue Zhi, Shun wrote Shao.

According to this, at least, Shao has a certain relationship with Dongyi folk music. Zhou Liguo used Shao as the music of sacrificing temple, so it was regarded as the great palace music. Jiang Taigong was granted the title of Qi. As a great court music of the Zhou Dynasty, of course, it was also brought into the state of Qi. Shao got the chance to contact its mother again. This is because Jiang Taigong entered Qi Dynasty and took "simple rites due to customs" as the basic national policy. Most of the monarchs in the next dynasties continued to implement their open and pragmatic policies. Therefore, there was no such strict boundary between the court and the people as that of the Zhou Dynasty. Some monarchs even disliked court music and dance and preferred folk music. Qi Jinggong once said: "few people are better than vulgar music.". According to the historical records of Confucius family, in the second year of Duke Ding of Lu Dynasty (500 B.C.), the folk music (Laiyue) was the music and dance that Qi took to the grand ceremony. It can be seen that Qi attached great importance to folk music. Under such circumstances, Shao music was influenced by local folk music, absorbed new materials and painted with local color. It is also because Shao has the local style of Qi that the monarchs of Qi use it more widely, not only for ceremonies, but also for welcoming guests, banquets and so on. Li Sao "plays nine songs and dances Shao Xi, chats hush hours to steal music", which shows that Qu Yuan was received ceremoniously in the state of Qi, including Shao.

According to the Convention, all kinds of art forms will evolve with each passing day, which is the law of the development of art itself. Shao entered the court and became the elegant music of the court. Then it came into contact with the folk music and the combination of elegant and popular music, which highlighted the expressive force of music and dance, increased the artistic charm, and thus became more perfect. This is the inevitable result. Therefore, when Confucius saw the music of Shao in the state of Qi, he couldn't help praising it: "Shao is perfect and good."

Related people

Confucius (551-479 BC) was named Qiu and Zhongni. He was a great thinker, educator and founder of Confucianism in the late spring and Autumn period. Lu people. He is the founder of Confucian school and put forward the thought of "benevolence". He is a famous thinker and educator in ancient China. Through his lifelong advocacy and the development of Confucianism in past dynasties, Confucius made Chinese Confucianism the mainstream of Chinese culture, which has been the guiding ideology of Chinese people for more than 2000 years. The core of Confucius' ideological system is the rule of virtue, which persistently advocates the moralization of society and life. The highest standard of Dehua society is "courtesy", and the highest value of Dehua life is "benevolence". Confucius is the founder of Confucian school, the most famous cultural celebrity in the world, and the author of ten wings of the book of changes. Confucius is the first person who broke through the religious attitude towards natural landscape in ancient China, and put forward the famous aesthetic proposition of "the wise enjoy water, the benevolent enjoy Mountain" (Analects of Confucius · Yongye).

Address: Shaoyuan village, Qidu Town, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province

Longitude: 118.36973654647

Latitude: 36.860799403448

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