Kongtong mountain

Kongtong mountain, the holy land of Taoism, is a branch of Liupan Mountain. It is a natural kingdom of animals and plants. There are more than 1000 kinds of plants and more than 300 kinds of animals. The forest coverage rate is more than 90%. During this period, the mountains and cliffs stand like miraculous work; the vast forest and sea, smoke cage and fog lock, like an ethereal fairyland; the high gorge and flat lake, the same color of water and sky, have the charm of Lijiang River.

Kongtong mountain

Kongtong mountain, located in Pingliang City, Gansu Province, is the fortress of the Silk Road West to Guanzhong. It has been known as "the first mountain of Taoism in China" since ancient times. Liupan Mountain in the west, Qinchuan 800 Li in the East, Guanshan Mountain in the south, Xiaoguan mountain in the north, Jinghe River and Yanzhi mountain in the north, meet in front of Wangjia mountain. The altitude is 1456-2123.5 meters, the vertical height is 667.5 meters, the main peak is 2123 meters above sea level, the forest coverage rate is more than 95%, and the total area is 83.6 square kilometers.

It is said that the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan, who is respected as the ancestor of human culture, visited Kongtong mountain in person and asked the wise man guangchengzi for advice on the way of governing the country and the art of keeping in good health; the Qin emperor and Hanwu also came to visit with admiration; Sima Qian, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Zhao Shichun, Lin Zexu, Tan Si and other scholars wrote highly of him. Kongtong Wushu is known as one of the five major Wushu schools in China.

Since 1994, Kongtong mountain has won the national key scenic spot

The first batch of 5A scenic spots in China

National Geopark

National Nature Reserves

"Top ten influential brands in China's tourism industry"

"China Tourism Culture Demonstration Site"

"Top ten Taoist cultural tourist attractions in China"

"Ten most beautiful religious mountains in China"

Waiting for the laurel.

The scenic spot will be open to all medical staff in China free of charge until the end of 2020.

Overview of mountain system

Kongtong mountain is 15 kilometers away from the west suburb of Kongtong District, Pingliang City, Gansu Province. Starting from Erdaogou and huapaoling in Taitong mountain and Liushugou in Jinghe area in the East, to Jingyuan County boundary in Ningxia in the west, to Dayin mountain and shiwangou in the south, and to Xiangxiang mountain in the north, the total area is 83.6 square kilometers, and the main peak is 2123.3 meters above sea level. There are trilobites, graptolites and other paleontological fossils found in the area. Due to the differential weathering, water erosion, collapse and other external dynamic effects, the unique Danxia landform and geological structure relics such as shizhufeng forest on the Loess Plateau have been formed, which has high ornamental value and important scientific research value

. Overlooking Xi'an in the East, Lanzhou in the west, Baoji in the South and Yinchuan in the north, it is the fortress of the ancient silk road going out of Guanzhong in the West. Since ancient times, it has been known as "the first mountain from the west", "the wonder of Xizhen" and "the beautiful scenery of Kongtong mountain".

According to the division of climatic regions, Kongtong mountain belongs to temperate semi humid continental monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 8.6 ℃, an average annual precipitation of 511.1 mm (mostly concentrated in July September), and an annual evaporation of about 1430 mm, which is more than twice of the precipitation.

Geological characteristics

topographic features

According to the research of geologists, during a strong orogeny in the middle ages, an Intermountain basin was formed in the present Kongtong mountain, northeast and southwest areas. The clay and sand washed by rainwater accumulated in the basin and deposited. Under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, they were cemented into purplish red gravel, which is called Kongtong mountain conglomerate. In the early Jurassic, this area was affected by the geological movement, the crust rose, and many new valleys and peaks were produced. After long-term wind and rain erosion and water cutting, various peculiar and beautiful Danxia landforms were formed. The Danxia landform of Kongtong mountain is rich and colorful, with flat top, steep body and gentle foot as the basic characteristics, and it is also the Danxia landform formed by the oldest purple red rock stratum of the time.

geological background

Kongtong mountain is located in the eastern margin of North Qilian fold belt, the west of Ordos Basin, and the southern part of Helan fold belt. There is no trace of magmatic activity in the area, so it is a relatively stable block. The strata in the area are mainly composed of Cambrian, Ordovician, Permian, Triassic and Cretaceous. The strike of fold axis and thrust section is close to Sn or NNW direction, forming the geological structure pattern of Helan fold belt in north-south direction. It is shown as three parallel compound anticlines composed of a series of fold axes and thrust sections in Sn or North by west direction, and in dianwa taitongshan dataizi complex anticline and xiaotai complex anticline Huangmaoshan sanguankou Shanan anticline forms Gucheng Kongtongshan Songzhuang anticline. The landform belongs to the alternation of majestic peaks and depressions in the south of Helan fold belt. In the late Ordovician, Kongtong mountain suffered from East-West compression, and began to fold and uplift, forming the rudiment of Helan fold belt, lacking Silurian and Devonian deposits. During this period, the crust experienced many times of shaking rise and fall, and several times of sedimentary discontinuities. On the weathering surface of Ordovician paleotopography, unconformity deposition included Carboniferous, Permian continental coal bearing clastic rock formation, and subsequent Triassic, Permian coal bearing clastic rock formation Continental clastic sedimentary formation in Cretaceous. During the Permian and Triassic, the paleogeography was expressed as an inland basin, where a set of thick continental coarse clastic deposits were deposited. Affected by the Indosinian movement, the crustal movement was strong, and the color of each sedimentary cycle was purplish red, greyish green, grey and purplish red, indicating that the climate changed from dry heat to warm wet, then to dry heat, and from oxidation environment to reduction environment to oxidation environment. In the early Cretaceous, it was still a mountainous area. In the Middle Cretaceous, the area subsided greatly, forming a Piedmont basin with rapid accumulation, receiving the accumulation of thick conglomerate and glutenite foothill facies. In the late Cretaceous, the crustal movement was more than calm, receiving the mudstone and shale dominated by lacustrine facies, belonging to a kind of fine clastic rock deposition in the original environment. In the late Cretaceous, the basin uplifted, and the lake water moved from south to North and northwest The geological process of the basin ended.

Geological formation

Kongtong mountain is the southwest wing of taitongshan compound anticline. Under the influence of strong tectonic movement, a series of faults and folds occurred in the strata, especially in the Cretaceous system. The derived joints are very well developed. The main five groups of joints form an "X" joint combination, cutting the rock mass into different blocks and forming a cliff, which lays the foundation for the formation of geological relics. The lithology of the strata exposed in different times is quite different, with soft and hard alternating. The composition of conglomerate is mostly limestone, and the cementation is uneven, which makes the rock weathering resistance and corrosion resistance vary greatly, and plays an important role in the shaping of geological relics.

The Cretaceous sandstones and glutenites in Kongtong mountain are well developed in structural fissures and joints, forming many Danxia landforms such as peak forests and stone pillars under weathering. Due to different sedimentary environments, parallel bedding of different colors in sandstone and mudstone has been formed, which has become a unique geological relic with high ornamental value. There are many peak forest stone pillars and steep cliffs distributed in Kongtong mountain, which are in the process of precipitation Under the external dynamic geological action such as weathering, collapse occurs, and huge rock blocks are piled together to form accumulated geological relics.

Geoscience value

The geological relic of Kongtong mountain is dominated by Danxia landform, with a distribution area of more than 20 square kilometers. It is a rare and non renewable natural geographical and geomorphic landscape on the northwest loess plateau. It has complete geomorphic elements, rich and diverse micro geomorphic landscape, typical and clear geological phenomena such as folds, faults, joints and fissures, and obvious stratigraphic sedimentary rhythm characteristics. It has a wide range of geological features The abundant Yanchang group and Liupanshan flora are excellent scientific research sites for the study of Mesozoic sedimentary paleogeography, paleoclimate, formation and evolution of Danxia landform, as well as popular science bases for the display of sea land changes, fold uplift, sedimentary formation and other geoscience contents.

Main peaks

There are many peaks in Kongtong, including dozens of large and small ones. The highest peak is Xiangshan, with an altitude of 2123 meters; the main peak is MAZONGSHAN, with an altitude of 2025 meters, above Wutai; the East, West, South, North and middle Wutai, with the middle platform protruding and all platforms in a circle, resembling a lotus. Zhongtai is the center of Kongtong mountain, with an altitude of 1894 meters. The terrain is flat and broad, and the vision is wide. Kongtong and yangjiashan face each other in the south. The middle gorge is qianxia, from which Jinghe River flows out. It sounds like playing Zheng, so it is also called playing Zheng gorge. In the north, it confronts with Matun mountain. The middle gorge is the back gorge, from which the Yanzhi river flows out. When it comes out of the mountain, it forms the Yanzhi River and joins the Jinghe River in front of Kongtong mountain.

Resource overview

plant resources

Kongtong mountain is rich in animal and plant resources. There are more than 1000 species of plants known, including 30 species of Pteridophytes in 18 genera of 21 families, 15 species of gymnosperms in 9 genera of 6 families, and 703 species of angiosperms in 397 genera of 97 families. There are nearly 60 kinds of ancient and famous trees, such as Picea koraiensis, Pinus tabulaeformis, Sabina chinensis, Acer truncatum, Quercus liaotungensis, Ulmus macrocarpa, and Gossypium. Although both the peacock cypress in zhaohetang and the Millennium canopy in Fenghuangling are more than one thousand years old, they are still flourishing and full of vitality.

The vegetation and woodland in Kongtong mountain are well preserved, and the ecosystem is relatively stable. Therefore, it has great ecological benefits in regulating climate, purifying atmosphere, conserving water and soil, and protecting wild species resources. There are 708 species of vascular plants, including 25 species of Pteridophytes in 18 genera and 12 families, 12 species of gymnosperms in 9 genera and 6 families, and 671 species of angiosperms in 397 genera and 96 families.

In angiosperms, 28 families belong to one family and one species, 19 families belong to two species, and 47 families belong to one family and one-two species, accounting for nearly 50% of all families. According to the floristic analysis of the families with few species, it is found that the floristic composition is complex, but the plants in North China are the main ones, connecting North China, Northeast China and Inner Mongolia

Chinese PinYin : Kong Dong Shan