Pen raising post

Pen raising post

"Chibi Yi" is a seven character poem written by Li Shangyin in Tang Dynasty. This is a nostalgic poem. The first couplet describes Zhuge Liang's divine power, the middle two couplets praise Zhuge Liang's great talent, the couplets point out the reasons for his failure, and the last couplet expresses the author's infinite regret for Zhuge Liang's failure. In this poem, Zhuge Liang and his career are examined in a sharp and complex environment. In the contradictory movement of unity of opposites, he understands historical figures and sums up historical experience. His ups and downs leave a deep impression on people.

Original works

Pen raising post (1)

Apes and birds are hesitant and afraid of Jianshu (2).

The general waved his magic pen, and finally saw the king descending and passing on the chariot.

It's not easy to be talented in wind music. What's the wish of Guan Zhang?

When he was in Jinli, he became more than nine years old.

Note translation

Notes on words and sentences

(1) Chibi post: the former site is in the north of Guangyuan, Sichuan Province. "Fangyu Shenglan" says: "the Chibi post is ninety-nine miles to the north of miangu County, mianzhou. The Marquis Gewu of Shu left the army and planned to be stationed here."

(2) "ape and bird" sentence: Zhuge Liang's military administration is strictly known, which means that even yuniao is still afraid of his brief book. Ape, a fish. Doubt, surprise. Bamboo slips refer to military orders. The ancients wrote on bamboo slips.

(3) Chu Xu: military fence.

General: commander-in-chief, Zhuge Liang.

(5) in the end, it is true. Jiang Wang: refers to Liu Chan. Passing car: in 263, the fourth year of Jingyuan reign of the Wei and Yuan Dynasties, Deng AI conquered Shu. Later, he was in charge of going out and descending. His family moved eastward to Luoyang. When he went out and descending, he also passed through the post of raising pen. Passing car: special vehicle for ancient post station.

(6) Guan Zhong. In the spring and Autumn period, the Prime Minister of Qi once assisted Duke Huan of Qi to achieve hegemony. Le: Yue Yi. During the Warring States period, he was a famous general of the state of Yan, who had defeated the strong Qi. Ti ǎ n: it's true. When Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion in Nanyang, he always compared himself with Guan Zhong and Yue Yi.

(7) Guan Zhang: Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are great generals of Shu. Desire: a "reply".

(8) other years: for the previous years. Jinli: in the south of Chengdu, there is Wuhou Temple.

(9) Liang Fu Yin: a funeral song in ancient Yuefu. According to the annals of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang worked hard in Longmu to chant for Liang Fu. In order to express the empty heart of helping the world, chat to recite poetry to amuse oneself. "Liang Fu Yin" here refers to this poem.

Vernacular translation

Fish and bird hesitation is the prime minister's strict military order, the wind and cloud often protect the fence of his army.

Zhuge Liang wrote in vain and made good plans here, but Liu Chan, the later leader, finally took the mail to surrender.

Kong Mingzhen deserves the talents of Guan Zhong and Yue Yi. Guan Gong Zhang Fei is dead, how can he turn the tide?

In previous years, when I passed Jincheng, I paid a visit to the temple of marquis Wu. I once recited Liang Fu Yin. I'm very sorry for him!

Creative background

In the ninth year of Dazhong (855), Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the poet returned to Chang'an with Liu Zhongying after finishing his post in zizhoumu, and wrote this poem to pay homage to Zhuge Liang.

Appreciation of works

Appreciation of literature

This poem is a poem about historic sites written by the poet through the post office. In the poem, the poet expressed his reverence for Zhuge Liang and deeply regretted that he could not realize his wish to unify China. At the same time, he criticized Liu Chan, who was weak and fatuous and surrendered to the state of Wei. Like most of Zhuge Liang's works, this poem praises his fame and wisdom, and expresses his regret. However, the artistic technique of this article is unique, in which the method of alternation of cadence, the method of giving way between the guest and the host, and the method of combining the virtual with the real.

"Fish and birds are hesitant and afraid of bamboo slips, and wind and cloud are often used to protect Xu." The idea is more strange. It personifies fish and birds and Fengyun, saying that they are afraid of Zhuge Liang's military God and maintain his military facilities after his death, which is a positive foil to Zhuge Liang's military talent. In classical poetry, there is often the method of "many guests arch the master". This is the first couplet of Li Shangyin's poem. Recite these two sentences, make a person awe inspiring, see again Kong Mingfeng strong There is no direct depiction of Zhuge Liang, just through the state of fish and birds to highlight Zhuge Liang's good at running the army. In the author's imagination, the state of fish and bird is the reaction caused by Zhuge Liang, which is used as "guest" to highlight Zhuge Liang's military power. These are the natural scenery of bin. It is anthropomorphic and has a special symbolic meaning. Ape and bird, as the real scene of the post, also plays a role in rendering the atmosphere and making people have a sense of solemnity; but it is not a simple description of the atmosphere, but a description of the real scene, which directly highlights the subject of "Kong Mingfeng".

"The general of the apprentice waved his magic pen, and finally saw the king descending and passing on the chariot." With the help of apprenticeship and final observation, he made a deep sigh that such outstanding figures as Zhuge Liang could not recover the defeat of Shu. It is useless for Zhuge Liang to wield his magic pen and devise strategies. Liu Chan, the frustrated later leader, finally surrendered and became a prisoner. He was escorted to Luoyang by the post car. Liu Chan, the emperor, was sitting in a passing car, which implied irony. "It's hard to be talented in wind music. What's Guan Zhang's desire for lifelessness?" This paper analyzes the reasons for the fall of Shu. First of all, we should not forget to affirm Zhuge Liang. As far as his talent is concerned, Shu can be a tyrant. But Guan Zhang's life is short, and he has no great general. He can do nothing by relying on Zhuge Liang alone. The ancient and modern are used in pairs, and the ancients are used to compare Zhuge Liang. In the antithetical sentences, Zhuge Liang is actually written. At the same time, he is Guan and Zhang. That is to say, the ancient is used to describe the present, and the empty is used to describe the real, which is very natural. The reason is that Zhuge Liang "compares himself to Guan Zhong and Leyi" (Biography of Zhuge Liang in the history of the Three Kingdoms · Shu Shu), so it's natural to point Guan Zhong and Leyi at Zhuge Liang directly. Therefore, the so-called "Guan Yue" can be said that although "ancient" is still "modern", although "empty" is still "real", it can be called "strange" when compared with Guan and Zhang.

"When he was in the Jinli temple, his father became more than a hater." It shows respect for Zhuge Liang. That is to say, when I passed Zhuge temple in Jinli in the past, I still felt a lot of hatred when I recited Zhuge Liang's "Liang Fu Yin". The so-called "hate" is not only about Zhuge Liang's "last hatred", but also the author's "implicit self metaphor". To express the feeling of "hate" with one suppressed and one raised argument is particularly graceful and meaningful.

In this poem, Zhuge Liang and his career are investigated in a sharp and complex environment. In the contradictory movement of unity of opposites, he understands historical figures and sums up historical experience. Therefore, the ups and downs of the poem leave a deep impression on people.

Evaluation of famous experts

In Qianxi poetry eye written by Fan Wen of Song Dynasty, "it's hard to be talented in wind music, but what about Guan Zhang's hopeless desire". It's kind and has its own comments, which can't be matched by others. However, in Yishan, "fish and birds" are so numerous that "Jianshu" covers the restriction of military laws and regulations, and "Fengyun" is still a barrier to protect them.

Yuan Fanghui's yingkuiluzui: a sentence of fourteen words, magnificent! I hate it to the extreme.

Gu Li's comment on Tang Yin in the Ming Dynasty: the eight sentences in this chapter stop evenly, and become a part of the poetry of the late Tang Dynasty.

Zhou bi was listed as the four empty forms in the Tang poetry anthology of Ming Dynasty. Su Shi said: recite the first two sentences, make people awe inspiring and see Kong Mingfeng strong again. Zhou Fu said: it is sentimental to recall Marquis Wu. It is said that his Dharma is loyal, he has a strong sense of heaven and man, and he will be handed down to later generations. He passed the temple of marquis Wu when he was young, but he hated the futility of his work. So he hated Sanliang more than liang Fu Yin. The alliance is clear and intentional, and others can't reach it.

Huang Zhouxing's Tang Shi Kuai in Qing Dynasty: Shaoling's lament on the great name of Zhuge, Marquis of Wu, is just like this poem.

Hu Yimei's Tang poetry Guanzhu in the Qing Dynasty: when he rises abruptly in the air, the ape and bird are ignorant and use "doubt"; when the wind and cloud are gods, he uses "Changwei" and has a sense of propriety.

"Guan Yue" and "Guan Zhang" are both practical, which are better than "Yu Xi" and "Jin Fan" of the former (according to the Sui Palace).

Zhao Chenyuan's notes on the seven character laws of Tang poetry in shanmanlou in Qing Dynasty: the situation of fish and birds makes Zhuge Wuhou angry. "Tu Ling" a turn, can not help but make people want to mourn. Three four feelings. Five inherits one or two, six inherits three or four, and the theory is also valued. Seven or eight total income, so that the meaning of its paipai Yan.

Qu Fu's Tang poetry in Qing Dynasty: one or two magnificent, meaning also detached. The following four sentences are the comments of marquis Wu, not the poems of the post. Seven or eight is more than enough.

Tang Ti Yu Bian, written by Mao and Zhang Jian in the Qing Dynasty, serves as a lining for the post, and also contains the meaning of paying homage. The first and the last have the power of writing.

Shen Deqian's other styles of Tang poetry in Qing Dynasty: the petal fragrance of Lao Du, so he can be perfectly satisfied, and the margin is not embarrassed.

Notes on Tang poetry in wangshiyuan, song Zongyuan of Qing Dynasty: the rise is abrupt, and the whole process is completed at one go.

Zhou Yongtang's the sequel of Tang Xianxiao samadhi in the Qing Dynasty: This is the origin of his works. May and June are full of spirit.

Wang Wenru's commentary on poetry of the past dynasties in the Qing Dynasty: the most excellent Xikun style is that it has a common story, freely manipulated and full of twists and turns.

Fang Dongshu's Zhaomei zhanyan in Qing Dynasty: Yishan's poems are full of meaning and spirit, worthy of Duke. It's not true that the predecessors put it as a big family

Chinese PinYin : Chou Bi Yi