Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery

Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, located in the eastern part of Babao, Shijingshan District, Beijing, is the most famous garden cemetery with the highest standard and system in China. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was rebuilt on the basis of the Ming Dynasty Huguo temple. In the past, it used to be a paradise for eunuchs of Ming and Qing Dynasties to support their elders and send them to death. It was named for its rich in eight minerals, such as laterite, refractory clay and lime. In 1946, the KMT government rebuilt it into a martyr's Shrine. After 1949, it became the resting place of the CPC leaders. It was initially completed in 1950 and named Beijing Revolutionary Cemetery. The architecture was designed by Lin Huiyin, a famous Chinese architect. Zhu De, Dong Biwu, Peng Dehuai, Ren Bishi, Smedley, Anna Louis strong and other revolutionary figures were buried here after their death. The whole cemetery is surrounded by green pines and cypresses, solemn and solemn.

Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery

Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, also known as Beijing Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery

As the third batch of municipal cultural relics protection units in Beijing, it is a garden cemetery with the highest standard, the most famous and the richest red education resources in China.

Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery is a national demonstration base for patriotism education. It is home to many founding fathers of the people's Republic of China, outstanding generals, outstanding scientists, international friends and people with lofty ideals.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was rebuilt on the basis of Baozhong Huguo temple in Ming Dynasty.

Zhu De, Qu Qiubai, Dong Biwu, Chen Yi, Chen Yun, Ren Bishi, Smedley and Anna Louis strong were buried here after their death.

According to Beijing Daily on August 7, 2019, the martyrs memorial garden of Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery has been officially completed, covering an area of more than 10000 square meters. It is an important place for the centralized placement of revolutionary martyrs, which is divided into three parts: Martyrs Memorial square, martyrs cemetery and landscape area.

Historical evolution

origin

Babaoshan used to be a paradise for eunuchs in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was named after eight kinds of minerals, such as laterite, refractory clay and lime. Babaoshan is actually a mound in Lugu village in the western suburb of Beijing. Its West was a cemetery long ago, and there was an old mountain crematorium. On the sunny side of the mountain, there is a quiet and elegant place with towering ancient trees, green pines and cypresses, and shrubs. There is an ancient temple like building called Baozhong Huguo temple.

It was built by the emperor in the early years of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty to protect the iron and steel tomb of the eunuch. It has not been harmed by the wars in the past dynasties. It has become a paradise for eunuchs. Local people call it the eunuch temple. In 1946, the Kuomintang government rebuilt it into a martyr's Shrine. In 1949, Zhonglie temple covers an area of 80 mu, with 57 halls, houses and 84 attached houses. After being taken over by the Civil Affairs Bureau, all the more than 50 Taoist priests and eunuchs in the temple moved out. Part of the hall in Baozhong Huguo temple was changed into a bone ash hall, and the surrounding area of the temple was turned into a tomb area. After 1949, it became the resting place for the leaders of the Communist Party of China.

At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the construction of Revolutionary Cemetery was put on the agenda. In December 1949, the Beijing Municipal Party committee and the Beijing municipal government followed the instructions of Premier Zhou Enlai to build a cemetery to commemorate the martyrs who died in the Chinese revolution. Wu Han, then vice mayor of Beijing, and Xue Zi, then secretary general, were in charge of the preparations. After many investigations, Baozhong Huguo temple at the south foot of Babaoshan in the west of Beijing was selected. At that time, there were some Taoists and eunuchs living in the temple. In the process of turning the hubaozhong Huguo temple into a cemetery, they had been contradicted by Taoists and eunuchs.

It was initially completed in 1950 and named Beijing Revolutionary Cemetery. The architectural pattern of Babaoshan was designed by famous Chinese architect Lin Huiyin. It has been used for the burial of China's late party and state leaders, leaders of democratic parties, patriotic and democratic personages, famous scientists, writers, senior engineering and technical personnel, international friends, revolutionary martyrs and leading cadres at or above the county level.

Surrounded by green pines and cypresses, the cemetery is solemn and solemn. In 2009, it was announced by the State Council as a national patriotic education demonstration base.

Cemetery of martyrs

In 1927, Wang Hebo, a martyr who was killed in the west of the arrow tower outside Andingmen in Beijing, and 17 other martyrs were the first to move the Revolutionary Cemetery. The burial ceremony was grand, with Zhou Enlai as the main sacrifice and Li Lisan, Peng Zhen and others as the accompaniment.

In 1950, Comrade Ren Bishi died of illness and was buried on the eastern slope, known as the first Tomb of the Babaoshan revolution. Later, Zhang Lan, one of the first vice presidents of the founding of the people's Republic of China, died and was buried on the right side of the tomb. On June 18, 1955, in commemoration of the 20th anniversary of Qu Qiubai's death, the party moved the remains of Comrade Qiu Bai from Changting, Fujian to the left side of the tomb, forming the first tomb area. Then, the second tomb area and the Third Tomb area were expanded. The covers are made of cement and the tombstones are carved with white marble. There are 535 seats, all of which are people who have contributed to the revolutionary cause. Among them, there are martyrs who shed their lives, as well as famous people in the fields of science, education and culture. The tombs of Smedley and Anna Louis strong, loyal friends of the Chinese people, were also built here. It was once called "martyr cemetery". In 1970, with the approval of Premier Zhou, Beijing Revolutionary Cemetery was renamed Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.

Destroyed

Revolutionary cemeteries have always been admired by people at home and abroad. There are many people who want to visit them, and the influence is great and extensive. However, in the ten-year catastrophe, 48 tombs were severely damaged under the crazy destruction of extreme left trend of thought. This does not include those tombstones that were pushed down, those tombstones that were chiseled and smeared with the words "spy", "traitor" and "down". If natural damage is added, one third of the tombs need to be restored.

By 1966, a total of 539 tombs had been built in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. After the beginning of the cultural revolution, the red guards began to attack cemeteries. During the whole decade of turmoil, 120 tombs were destroyed, of which three were smashed and recovered. Qu Qiubai's tomb is the most seriously damaged one. In 1966, Qu Qiubai's tomb was razed to the ground by hundreds of red guards waving pickaxes because he was branded as a "traitor".

After 1979, the cemetery began to be restored, and more than 100 damaged cemeteries, including Qu Qiubai's, were all repaired. In the ashes hall, Kangsheng and Xie Fuzhi's ashes boxes were rejected and damaged by other families of the deceased. With the consent of the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee, their ashes were moved out of the ashes hall. The remains of Mao Zedong, Liu Shaoqi, Zhou Enlai and Hu Yaobang were not placed in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery. Mao Zedong's remains are displayed in Chairman Mao's memorial hall, Zhou Enlai's remains are cremated and scattered on the motherland, Liu Shaoqi's ashes are welcomed back to Beijing from Kaifeng after bringing things out of order, and Hu Yaobang's ashes are buried in Gongqing city in Jiangxi Province. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, there are generally three places for cadres of a certain level to go after their death, according to a staff member of the Beijing Municipal funeral administration office: the ashes are scattered; the ashes are moved back to the home of the deceased; most of them are buried in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery.

Change to cremation

In April 1956, 151 party and state leaders, including Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Liu Shaoqi, Peng Dehuai, and Peng Zhen, signed a proposal of Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai and voluntarily carried out cremation. In 1958, after the establishment of the ashes hall in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, ashes began to be stored one after another.

Martyrs Memorial Park

According to the requirements of the Social Work Committee of the municipal Party committee, the Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau and the municipal social welfare affairs management center, Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery started to build a martyr memorial park integrating the martyr memorial square and the martyr burial area in 2016. As of June 2019, the martyr memorial park has met the conditions for ashes burial. 680 pieces of ashes were stored in the ashes Hall of the martyrs in Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery

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In June 2019, 680 pieces of martyrs' ashes will be stored in the martyrs' ashes Hall of Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, and the relocation will be completed by the end of this month. The newly built Martyr Memorial Park integrates the martyr memorial square and martyr burial area, and will become a place for martyr memorial activities.

The ashes of more than 600 martyrs include the peacekeepers who died for world peace, the revolutionary soldiers who died for national security, the people's police who died for social security, and the angels in white who died for the prevention and control of SARS.

According to Beijing Daily on August 7, 2019, the martyrs memorial garden of Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery has been officially completed, covering an area of more than 10000 square meters. It is an important place for the centralized placement of revolutionary martyrs, which is divided into three parts: Martyrs Memorial square, martyrs cemetery and landscape area. There are two divisions in the cemetery, namely, the eastern lying tombstone area and the Western gun tombstone area. About 900 tombs are planned and designed.

Division of cemeteries

In August 1951, the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Civil Affairs formulated the "Provisional Regulations on the burial of revolutionary martyrs in cemeteries" (Draft), which was submitted to Vice Mayor Zhang Youyu and vice mayor Zhang Youyu for approval: "these measures are only referred to as the" Provisional Regulations on revolutionary cemeteries. " The word "martyr" was deleted. The revised Interim Provisions were submitted to the Secretary Office of the State Council for administrative affairs and transferred to the Ministry of internal affairs for approval, and then approved and promulgated within December 20, 1951.

The cemetery is roughly divided into tomb area and ashes hall. Burial sites or ashes are mainly placed according to the political level before death. The cemetery area, located at the top of the 150 mu cemetery north, is the highest political standard cemetery for the burial of state leaders of the Communist Party of China, cadres at or above the level of vice ministry, and leaders of democratic parties

Chinese PinYin : Ba Bao Shan Ge Ming Gong Mu