Fucheng

Fuchou city is located in the southwest of Bird Island town, 2km to the north of shinaihai Township and 7km to the east of Qinghai Lake. "Fuchou" is the phonetic change of "Bodong" in Xianbei dialect, which means "city of kings" in Chinese. It was the capital of Tuyuhun people in the southern and Northern Dynasties and Sui and Tang Dynasties. In Sui Dynasty, Xihai county was set up here. In fact, it is the famous King City of Tuyuhun in the 6th-7th century. The ancient city is the most ancient site near Qinghai Lake because of its vast vicissitudes and few visitors.

Fucheng

Fuchecheng site is located in the southwest of tiekajia village, shinaihai Township, Gonghe County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. It is an important ancient town connecting the East and the west, and one of the most famous ancient city sites. "Fuchao" is Xianbei language, which means "city of kings" in Chinese. The fuchengcheng site was designated as the fourth batch of cultural relics protection units by the people's Government of Qinghai Province in 1986.

geographical environment

The ancient city is located on the South Bank of Buha River, 2.5km away from the residence of shinaihai Township in the South and 7.5km away from the Qinghai Lake in the East. Caiji river goes around the north of the city, surrounded by a vast grassland with open area and rich water and grass. The location of the ancient city is very consistent with the historical records of "Kua Lu Li, who was named Khan from the beginning, lived in Fucheng, and lived fifteen Li west of Qinghai". The local people in this city call it "qiejiakuari", and the Tibetan word "Kuari" means the city, and the Han people call it "Jia", which means the Han City in qieji. Since ancient times, it has been a nomadic land for brothers. They have no habit of building a city and living there. With a long history, no one can tell its origin. They mistakenly think it was built by Han people. In fact, it is the famous Tuguhun King City in the 6th-7th century A.D!

natural resources

The ancient city, built 1400 years ago, is still well preserved. The ancient city is divided into two parts: the inner city is 200m from east to west and 200m from north to south. The wall is well preserved, 12m high and 17m wide. Only the east gate is opened, 10m wide. There is a corner barrier outside the gate. If the barrier is regarded as a urn, the gate should open to the south, but there is no trace of the gate. In the city, there is a central axis Avenue from the gate to the West. On both sides of the avenue, there are three connected housing sites, 50 meters long and 30 meters wide. At the westernmost end, there is a small courtyard 70 meters from east to west and 68 meters from north to south. The East, South and North walls of the courtyard have collapsed, slightly higher than the ground level. The west wall overlaps with the west wall.

There is a rammed earth platform with a diameter of about 15 meters and a height of 9 meters between the courtyard and the South housing base. There are architectural traces on the platform. There are a few ceramic tiles scattered on the ground of the city.

The outer city is 1400 meters long from the north to the South and 700 meters long from the east to the West. It is formed by the accumulation of gravel, sand and soil. It has collapsed and is only slightly higher than the ground level. It is not easy to see if you do not carefully observe it. The North has been washed away by the water, and only the East, South and West are left. A wall was built in the middle of the outer city to the East, which divided the outer city into two parts. The west is nearly twice as big as the East. The ancient city is located in the center of the West. The East seems to have been added later.

This kind of architectural layout, which is based on the city inside, the city outside and the central axis, reflects the basic characteristics of the Han style city system, and has a national style, reflecting the diversity of Tuyuhun culture.

Tourism information

Fuchecheng site is located in tiebujia village, north of the government seat of shinaihai Township, Gonghe County. There is a shuttle bus from Xining long distance bus station to shinaihai township at 9:45 every day. The whole journey is about 4-5 hours and the fare is 48 yuan. Shinaihai township is 30km away from bird island, and you can also charter a car from bird island. The cost is about 100 yuan / car.

History and Humanities

Historical records: Tuguhun "Kua Lu Li, began as Khan, lived in Fucheng, 15 Li west of Qinghai." From the perspective of geographical location and distance, it is consistent. From the layout point of view, although the inner city is regular, there are few sites and relics. The outer city is piled up with gravel and sand. To be more precise, it should be called Weizi, but it can not be called the city. This Weizi may have been used as a cofferdam to block the impact of Caiji River and Buha River, or as a fence for livestock. All these show that Tuyuhun's custom of "not living in the city despite the city's Outline". This city used to be the site of Xihai County in Sui Dynasty. From here we can find the Sui five baht coins as evidence.

Tuyuhun, a branch of Murong Xianbei, was originally active in Northeast China. In Yongjia of the Western Jin Dynasty, its leader, Tuyuhun, led the people to move to the Gansong area of paohan (today's Linxia of Gansu Province) in Longyou, and then occupied thousands of Li to the west of 40 (today's west of Qinghai Lake) and Xiji Prynne (today's south of Qaidam Basin of Qinghai Province). He took Tuyuhun as his surname and became the name of the tribe. Its range of activities includes Hainan, Haixi and the northern part of Guoluo. The northern part of Hainan and the eastern part of Haixi, which are close to the eastern agricultural zone and have good natural conditions, are its important base areas. Many important military activities are carried out in this area.

It is worth mentioning that in the history of Tuyuhun, there was a great leader, a CAI. He not only opened up his territory and "annexed the Diqiang people for thousands of miles and became a powerful country", but also made good neighborly relations with the two opposing regimes in the Central Plains, seeking stable external conditions and enabling Tuyuhun to recuperate and survive and develop. On his deathbed, he also left the famous story of "breaking the arrow to teach his son", which has been widely spread and become a good story through the ages. The arrow in the story has been worshipped as a "Dharma protector arrow" among Tu people in Qinghai Province. This event has a strong religious color, but in a certain sense, it seems to explain the subtle historical relationship between the Tu nationality and the ancient Tuyuhun nationality.

By the time of Kua Lu, the leader of Tuyuhun, the country was already quite powerful. In 540 A.D., "it was called Khan (King) at the beginning, and it was all Fu Cheng." In 609 ad, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty broke Tuyuhun and set up two prefectures, Xihai and Heyuan. The rule of Xihai was in Fucheng. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, wars broke out in the Central Plains and wars broke out everywhere. The rule of the Sui Dynasty was crumbling, and there was no power to take care of the border areas. Tuguhun people returned to their original base areas and rallied. They still took fuchucheng as the king's capital. Until the third year of longshuo (663 A.D.) of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, Tuyuhun was destroyed by Tubo, which rose on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Fuchecheng has been the capital of Tuyuhun for at least 120 years.

Main role

Fuchou city is connected to Xiping (now Xining, Qinghai) and Jincheng (now Lanzhou, Gansu) in the East, Yizhou (now Chengdu, Sichuan) in the south, and Shanshan (now Luoqiang, Xinjiang) in the West. It once played an important role in the transportation between China and the West. Especially when the Hexi corridor was blocked from the fourth century to the sixth century, most of the eastern and Western business travelers traveled through the south of Qilian Mountains and the west of Qinghai to the south of Xinjiang. In this way, Fucheng has become an important hub in this traffic channel. Tuguhun people are good at business. Their caravans often appear in Yizhou and the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. In 553 A.D., a huge caravan with 600 camels and mules and 240 people returned from the Eastern Wei Dynasty (DUYE City, now near Anyang, Henan Province) and transported back tens of thousands of colored silk at one time. Of course, they were also full of all kinds of goods. It is said that the Tuguhun people once got good horses from Persia, reflecting that they also had trade with Persia. In 1956, nearly 100 pieces of silver coins from the Sassanian Dynasty and the balusian Dynasty (457-483 A.D.) were excavated in huangmiao street of Xining. It is enough to show how important the East-West trade channel controlled by the Tuguhun people was at that time. The choice of Fucheng city as the king's capital by the Tuguhun people may have something to do with better controlling the traffic channel.

Address: tiebujia village, shinaihai Township, Gonghe County, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province

Longitude: 99.598602294922

Latitude: 36.994201660156

Traffic information: charter from Heima river or bird island

Ticket information: Free

Opening hours: all day

Chinese PinYin : Fu Si Cheng