Fuxin mass grave

The remains of 70000 miners are buried in the mass grave of Fuxin. They were all slaughtered and maimed during the Japanese invasion, which is the historical evidence of the Japanese invasion of China. At present, there are three mass burial pits in Fuxin wanrenkeng, and two exhibition halls have been built on the original site. One is called "dead miners' remains hall" (West Hall), and the other is called "anti riot young workers' remains hall" (East Hall). In addition, there are seven typical remains and a white bone exhibition hall.

Fuxin mass grave

Located in the south mountain of Sunjiawan, Taiping District, Fuxin City, Liaoning Province, the "mass grave" covers an area of five square kilometers and buries the remains of 70000 miners. Most of them died from 1937 to 1945, under the cruel persecution and oppression of the Japanese aggressors. In 1968, it was excavated and constructed by Fuxin Mining Bureau. According to historical records, in 1940, in order to accommodate the increasing number of dead miners, the Japanese and puppet rulers forcibly expropriated four pieces of land in Fuxin as cemeteries for burying miners who died due to various mining disasters and other reasons. Sunjiawan Nanshan cemetery is only one of the four charcoal filled cemeteries.

Development history

There are four mass graves in Fuxin. Among them, Xinqiu Xinglonggou cemetery was built in August 1939. At that time, it purchased 3.23977 million square meters of land. It was originally built for coal mining, and later more than 50000 square meters were designated as the cemetery. Chengnan cemetery was built in November 1939, The land purchased is 4196438 square meters, from which part of the land is designated as cemetery; Sunjiawan cemetery was built in August 1940, covering an area of 20388 square meters; wulongnangou cemetery was built in November 1940, covering an area of 17524 square meters. According to investigation and research, the above four mass graves cover an area of more than 500000 square meters, and at least 70000 dead miners were buried. Sunjiawan wanrenkeng is a well preserved cemetery. There are carved stone piles of "man Tan cemetery" around it.

In 1968, the Fuxin Mining Bureau planned to build the "class education exhibition hall" in the Nanshan mass grave of Sunjiawan. Among the arrangement of some tombs and remains, three mass burial pits were excavated. Two exhibition halls were built on the original site, one called the "dead miners' remains hall" (West Hall) and the other called the "anti riot young workers' remains hall" (East Hall).

In addition, there are seven typical remains and a white bone exhibition hall. The distance between the East and the west is about 1.5 km. Dongguan tomb is excavated from north to south along the east slope. It is 16 meters long, 2 meters wide and less than 1 meter deep. A total of 137 corpses were placed. According to preliminary investigation, these people were "special workers" who had participated in the xiacaiyuanzi riot in the Japanese police force and anti Manchurian Anti Japanese miners who were held in the ideological correction Institute. The buried corpses in the pit were divided into five groups, some in single layer and some in five layers. After excavation, 83 corpses or only skulls were exposed. The West Pavilion is divided into two pits with a distance of 22 meters. The South pit is excavated on the slope of the ditch, with a height difference of about 1 meter between the East and the West. It is 11.1 meters long from the north to the south, 3.5 meters wide, and less than 1 meter deep. 52 corpses were buried in the pit, and the lower limbs of the corpses were crossed and pressed in two lines. Beikeng is flat and low, 13 meters long from north to south, 3.5 meters wide and about 1 meter deep. 58 bodies were buried in the pit. It is not difficult to imagine the cruel torture of the dead miners. There is also a corpse with two arms supporting the ground, legs pushing back, upper body standing up, head slightly raised, reclining on the other corpses (all the corpses in the pit are lying on their backs) and climbing forward. It is obvious that the corpse was buried alive and wanted to climb out at that time. The Sunjiawan mass grave is a witness of the heinous crimes committed by the Japanese aggressors in killing the Chinese people, a microcosm of the Chinese people's suffering, a historical relic left by the Japanese imperialists in killing and maiming the Chinese people during their occupation of China, and a historical evidence of Japanese aggression against China.

Cause of formation

Fuxin coal mine is one of the large coal mines in China. On October 1, 1936, the puppet "Manchuria Carbon Co., Ltd." established the "Fuxin Mining Institute", which began to plunder Fuxin's coal in an all-round way and recruit a large number of workers from Hebei, Shandong and other provinces in the pass. In order to plunder China's coal resources, the Japanese imperialists carried out the policy of "human flesh mining". No matter whether the miners were alive or dead, they caused roof fall, water seepage and gas explosion, which devoured the lives of countless miners. Economically, they exploited the miners to the bone and marrow, making a large number of miners premature. Politically, they adopted a high-pressure policy, beating, abusing and killing China at will miner. In addition to poor sanitation and epidemic, many people died. The bones of these people accumulated more and more, eventually forming a mass grave.

Protection unit

In 2006, the State Council announced the list of the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units. As one of the important historical sites and representative buildings in modern times, Fuxin mass grave has been listed in the national key cultural relics protection units.

Fuxin mass grave is a key cultural relic protection unit in Liaoning Province, a patriotic education base in Liaoning Province, a national defense education base in Liaoning Province, and a patriotic education base in Fuxin city.

Ancient and modern significance

Fuxin Coalfield

The modern mining of Fuxin Coalfield was carried out in 1897, when Japanese monopoly capitalists first obtained the privilege of co operating coal mines in Northeast China. In May 1908, the governor of the three provinces Xu Shichang and governor Tang Shaoyi of Fengtian (Shenyang) agreed to jointly run the coal mine. On May 2, 1910, China and Japan jointly set up benxihu coal and Iron Co., Ltd., which was signed and approved by the Ministry of agriculture, industry and commerce. From then on, Japanese imperialism officially gained the privilege of Sino Japanese joint operation of northeast coal mines. In June 1914, through all kinds of despicable means, Dacang group set up a "Daxin mining joint venture" in Fuxin Xinqiu. It was called joint venture, but it was monopolized. Major issues were decided by the Japanese, and the Chinese were just nominal. In July 1916, Manchurian Railway bought all the rights of six mining areas in the name of Dacang for 463000 yen.

On October 31, 1917, in the "congratulatory speech" of the well opening ceremony of the two companies, the Manchurian Railway fully exposed the ambition of the Japanese aggressors to plunder Fuxin coal: "on October 31, 2006, when the festival was long, our Daxin and Daxing companies held the well opening ceremony in Xinqiu, a corner of East Mongolia." In the past, it has been more than ten years since the emperor owned the southern Manchuria. However, it is unheard of to take one of Mongolia's stone and wood as a reference for the development of our imperial power, which is why we often feel sorry for its failure. Our Daxin and Daxing companies can't bear to waste their resources on this day. According to the existing plan, they have to take the cold wind and walk on the ice. It has been ten years since the emperor's financial crisis. He has finally brought this treasure house into our hands, which will provide a good foothold for the future management of Manchuria and Mongolia. At the time of this congratulatory well opening ceremony, we are very happy. We hope to take this place as the source of our business in eastern Mongolia, and we hope that the imperial power will expand into Inner Mongolia like the rising sun. " This "congratulatory speech" fully revealed that Japan's occupation of Fuxin Coalfield was an attempt to expand its ambition of "taking this place as the source of managing eastern Mongolia".

Through the history of Japanese invasion of China, it is not difficult to see the purpose of Japanese coveting the whole Fuxin Coalfield.

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Mass grave

When Japan plundered the Fuxin Coalfield, the ruins of the dead miners in the Fuxin mass grave were an iron proof. The two mass graves were excavated from 1935 to 1936. From 1940 to 1941, there were more and more people killed in mining accidents, and 210 people were pulled by 13 cars in four times. The two pits are 22 meters apart from each other. The South pit is dug on the slope of the ditch, with a height difference of about 1 meter between the East and the West. It is 11.1 meters long from the north to the south, 3.5 meters wide, and less than 1 meter deep. Only 52 corpses are exposed in the pit, and the lower limbs of the corpses are crossed and pressed by two lines. Beikeng is flat bottomed, 13 meters long, 3.5 meters wide and about 1 meter deep from north to south. 58 corpses are exposed in the pit, and the corpses are laid flat in a single layer. Some of the limb bones, vertebrae and ribs were broken, or the skull was pierced or broken. It is not difficult to imagine the cruel torture of the dead miners. There is also a corpse with two arms supporting the ground, legs pushing back, upper body standing up, head slightly raised, reclining on the other corpses (all the corpses in the pit are lying on their backs) and climbing forward. It is obvious that the corpse was buried alive and wanted to climb out at that time.

The remains Hall of the dead miners was built on the original site of the two mass graves according to the original plan. These miners were killed in underground gas explosion, roof fall, water flooding and other accidents. It can be imagined that the Japanese aggressors were extremely inhumane.

Anti Japanese tragedy

In the southeast of Fuxin's mass grave, there is a site of anti riot young workers. 137 remains are buried in the pit. Looking back to history, it is a tragic story of anti enemy struggle.

After the outbreak of the Pacific War, in order to meet the needs of the war, Japanese imperialism stepped up its plunder of coal and various resources in Northeast China. Since 1941, more than 2 million Chinese workers have been engaged in heavy hard labor every year, and a considerable number of them are "special workers" from North China. According to the history of Manchuria, about 100000 "special workers" are sent to the Northeast every year. The "special workers" used by Fuxin Mining Company of Manchuan started in early 1941. By may 1943, 10 groups of "special workers" were escorted to Fuxin coal mine. According to incomplete statistics, the Japanese aggressors escorted more than 9300 "special workers" to Fuxin coal mine from Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Taiyuan, Xuzhou, Dezhou, Jinan, Qingdao and other places. "Special workers" big house and

Chinese PinYin : Fu Xin Wan Ren Keng